Crude Oil

Question 1

What is crude oil?

Answer 1

Mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 2

What is fractional distillation used for?

Answer 2

To separate crude oil out into fractions- groups of molecules with similar sizes and therefore similar properties

Question 3

How is crude oil separated?

Answer 3

1. Crude oil is heated, nearly all of the hydrocarbons turn into gases
2. The crude oil vapour then passes into the fractionating column
3. The temperature in the column decrease as you go up
4. The gases rise up the column, different components condense at different heights due to different boiling points

Question 4

Describe smaller hydrocarbons

Answer 4

Have lower boiling point, so they make it all the way up the column with out condensing

Question 5

Describe large hydrocarbons

Answer 5

Collected at the bottom of the column because they have high boiling point and so condensed lower down the column

Question 6

What is the order of the fractions ?

Answer 6

Refinery gases
Gasoline (petrol)
Kerosine
Diesel oil
Fuel oil
Bitumen

Question 7

What is the use of refinery gases?

Answer 7

Domestic heating and cooking

Question 8

Use of gasoline (petrol)?

Answer 8

Fuel in cars

Question 9

Use of kerosine?

Answer 9

Fuel in planes

Question 10

Use of diesel oil?

Answer 10

Fuel for lorrie’s, buses, trains

Question 11

Use of bitumen ?

Answer 11

Road surfaces

Question 12

Which fraction would be the most flammable ?

Answer 12

Refinery gases

Question 13

What fraction would be the least volatile?

Answer 13

Bitumen

Question 14

Which fraction would be the darkest colour ?

Answer 14

Bitumen

Question 15

As the size of the hydrocarbons molecules increases, colour…?

Answer 15

Gets darker

Question 16

As the size of the hydrocarbons molecules increases viscosity..?

Answer 16

Increases
High viscosity= thick+sticky

Question 17

As the size of the hydrocarbons molecules increases boiling point…?

Answer 17

Increases

Question 18

As the size of the hydrocarbons molecules increases volatility..?

Answer 18

Decreases
How easily a liquid evaporates

Question 19

As the size of the hydrocarbons molecules increases flammability..?

Answer 19

Decreases

Question 20

What is fuel?

Answer 20

Substance that, when burned , releases heat energy

Question 21

What are the products of complete combustion?

Answer 21

CO2+ H2O
Carbon dioxide and water

Question 22

What are the products of incomplete combustion?

Answer 22

H2O+CO or C
Water+ carbon monoxide or carbon

Question 23

Why is incomplete combustion harmful to humans?

Answer 23

Carbon monoxide
It bonds to the haemoglobin in the red blood cells and prevents oxygen from being transported around the body

Question 24

Under what conditions does incomplete combustion occur?

Answer 24

Happens when the supply of air or oxygen is poor

Question 25

How is sulfur dioxide made?

Answer 25

Sulfur is a common impurity found in fossil fuels When we burn the fuel, the sulfur is also burnt-it reacts with oxygen in the air to form sulfur dioxide S+O2=SO2

Question 26

How is sulfuric acid made?

Answer 26

Sulfur dioxide goes up into the atmosphere and reacts with oxygen and water to form sulfur if acid SO2+2O2+2H2O=2H2SO4

Question 27

How is nitrogen oxides formed?

Answer 27

The high temperature inside a car engine causes nitrogen and oxygen in the air to react together to form nitrogen oxides

Question 28

How is nitric acid formed?

Answer 28

The nitrogen oxides go up into the atmosphere and react with oxygen and water to form nitric acid HNO3

Question 29

What is acid rain caused by?

Answer 29

Sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides that can be produced when a fossil fuel is burnt When sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air

Question 30

What is cracking?

Answer 30

Process used to break long-chain alkanes down into shorter-chain alkanes and alkenes

Question 31

Important stuff about cracking ?

Answer 31

Fractional distillation produces more long-chain hydrocarbons than can be used Cracking turns there into short alkanes which are more useful-petrol, fuel Cracking also produces alkenes, which are used to make polymers

Question 32

What are the conditions for cracking ?

Answer 32

-catalyst: silicon dioxide (silica) and aluminium oxide (alumina) -temperature 600-700°C

Question 33

What is hydrocarbons?

Answer 33

Compound made of hydrogen and carbon only