Crude Oil Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is crude oil?
Crude oil is a natural, unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials.
True or False: Crude oil is a renewable resource.
False
What are hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
Fill in the blank: Crude oil is separated into different fractions through a process called __________.
fractional distillation
What is the primary use of fractions obtained from crude oil?
The primary use is as fuels and raw materials for various chemicals.
Which fraction of crude oil is typically used for gasoline?
The gasoline fraction, which is lighter and has a lower boiling point.
What is the boiling point range for the kerosene fraction?
The boiling point range for kerosene is typically between 150°C and 300°C.
True or False: The heavier fractions of crude oil are used for making lubricants.
True
What is the significance of the carbon chain length in hydrocarbons?
The carbon chain length affects the boiling point, viscosity, and flammability of the hydrocarbon.
What is produced when crude oil undergoes complete combustion?
Carbon dioxide and water are produced when crude oil undergoes complete combustion.
How does crude oil contribute to greenhouse gas emissions?
Burning crude oil releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change.
What are petrochemicals?
Petrochemicals are chemical products derived from petroleum, used to make plastics, fertilizers, and other chemicals.
Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down large hydrocarbons into smaller ones is called __________.
cracking
What is the main purpose of catalytic cracking?
The main purpose of catalytic cracking is to increase the yield of gasoline from crude oil.
True or False: Fractional distillation separates components based on their density.
False
What is the role of a fractionating column in fractional distillation?
A fractionating column provides surface area for multiple vaporization and condensation cycles, allowing for better separation of fractions.
What are the environmental impacts of oil spills?
Oil spills can cause severe damage to marine ecosystems, harm wildlife, and pollute coastal areas.
What is the octane rating of gasoline?
The octane rating measures a fuel’s ability to resist knocking during combustion; higher ratings indicate better performance.
What is the main component of natural gas?
The main component of natural gas is methane (CH4).
Fill in the blank: The process of removing impurities from crude oil is known as __________.
refining
What is the purpose of adding additives to fuels?
Additives are used to improve performance, reduce emissions, and prevent engine knocking.
What are the two main types of crude oil?
The two main types are sweet crude oil, which has low sulfur content, and sour crude oil, which has high sulfur content.
How does temperature affect the viscosity of crude oil?
As temperature increases, the viscosity of crude oil decreases, making it flow more easily.
What is the relationship between crude oil and plastic production?
Crude oil is a primary raw material used to produce various types of plastics.
