Crude oil and its uses plus polymers

Question 1

Some small molecules (……………….) can join together to make very long molecules called …………….. This process is called ………………………………..

Answer 1

Some small molecules (monomers) can join together to make very long molecules called polymers. This process is called polymerisation.

Question 2

What is a natural polymer?

Answer 2

Silk

Question 3

The fractionating tower is hotter where?

Answer 3

Hotter at the bottom

Question 4

Many polymers, such as poly(ethene), contain ……molecules that lie side by side. These can uncoil and slide past each other, making the material …………..

Answer 4

Many polymers, such as poly(ethene), contain long molecules that lie side by side. These can uncoil and slide past each other, making the material flexible.

Question 5

Long polymer chains have stronger ………. of …………… than shorter ones. By making the chains of a polymer longer, a s……….and less f……….. material is produced

Answer 5

Long polymer chains have stronger forces of attraction than shorter ones. By making the chains of a polymer longer, a stronger and less flexible material is produced

Question 6

Unplasticised PVC, usually called uPVC, is …….. It is used for pipes and window frames. Plasticised PVC is………. It is used for clothing and flooring.

Answer 6

Unplasticised PVC, usually called uPVC, is hard. It is used for pipes and window frames. Plasticised PVC is soft. It is used for clothing and flooring.

Question 7

Plasticisers are small molecules that can be added to …………. during their manufacture. They push the ……….. ……………….slightly further apart, weakening the ……………. between them and making the material ……………… and more …………………

Answer 7

Plasticisers are small molecules that can be added to polymers during their manufacture. They push the polymer molecules slightly further apart, weakening the forces between them and making the material softer and more flexible.

Question 8

Crude oil is not very useful until it has been processed at an oil refinery. The process of refining involves separating the …………………….. into f………………or batches using a technique called ……………… distillation. Each fraction separates as they have different ………..points. The crude oil is heated in a furnace to around …………. This allows all of the ……………………. in the crude oil to move into the bottom of the fractionating tower. The tower is h………….. at the bottom and c…………..t at the

Answer 8

Crude oil is not very useful until it has been processed at an oil refinery. The process of refining involves separating the hydrocarbons into fractions or batches using a technique called fractional distillation. Each fraction separates as they have different boiling points. The crude oil is heated in a furnace to around 400°C. This allows all of the hydrocarbons in the crude oil to move into the bottom of the fractionating tower. The tower is hottest at the bottom and coolest at the

Question 9

Many polymers are made from chemicals that are obtained from crude oil. For example, molecules of …………….join together to make poly(ethene), commonly known as polythene

Answer 9

Many polymers are made from chemicals that are obtained from crude oil. For example, molecules of ethene join together to make poly(ethene), commonly known as polythene

Question 10

Polymers are?

Answer 10

Long-chain molecules made up of monomers