Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Mineralogy > CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY > Flashcards

CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY Flashcards

(50 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

WHAT IS CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY

A

Study of atomic Structure, Physical properties, Chemical composition of crystalline materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

APC IS WHAT

A

A - Atomic Structure
P - Physical Properties
C - Chemical composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ABUNDANT ELEMENTS IN THE CONTINENTAL CRUST ARE?

A
  1. Oxygen 46.6%
  2. Silicon 27.7
  3. Aluminum 8.1
  4. Iron 5.0
  5. Calcium 3.6
  6. Sodium 2.8
  7. Potassium 2.6
  8. Magnesium 2.1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ABUNDANT ELEMENTS ARE MOSTLY

A

Silicates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

WHAT IS ATOMS

A

Minute building Block of all matter including mineral that cannot split

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DEFINE NUCLEUS

A

A small positively charged central region of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ENUMERATE PARTS OF THE NUCLES

A

Proton ( p+ ) positively charged particle

Neutron ( n^0) neutrally charged particles

Electron ( e-) Negatively charged particles

Electron clouds - empty region o an atom where electrons move in orbitals around the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ATOMIC MASS OF PROTON

A

1.00728

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ATOMIC MASS OF NEUTRON

A

1.00867

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ATOMIC MASS OF ELECTRON

A

0.0000054

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

WHAT IS VALENCE ELECTRON

A

Found on outermost region of electron cloud, Free to interact with other atom to form chemical bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TREND OF NONMETALLIC IN PERIODIC TABLE

A

BOTTOM LEFT TO UPPER RIGHT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TREND OF METALLIC IN PERIODIC TABLE

A

UPPER RIGHT TO BOTTOM LEFT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TREND OF ATOMIC RADIUS IN PERIODIC TABLE

A

TOP TO BOTTOM & LEFT TO RIGHT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

TREND OF IONIZATION-ENERGY & ELECTRON AFFINITY IN PERIODIC TABLE

A

LEFT TO RIGHT & BOT TO TOP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DEFINE ELEMENTS

A

Atoms are having the same number of protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DEFINE ISOTOPES

A

Atom of the same element possess different atomic mass number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Enumerate hydrogen isotopes

A

1H - protium

2H - Dietium

3H - Tritium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

DEFINE STABLE ISOTOPES

A

Stable Nuclei, Retaining the same number of protons and neutrons over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

DEFINE RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES

A

Unstable nuclei, nuclear configuration spontaneously transformed by radioactive decay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

HOW ATOM STABILIZE

Study These Flashcards
A

Electrical charges if atom bond them with another atom neutralizing or lowering their total energy giving them stability

22
Q

WHAT IS OCTET RULE

Study These Flashcards
A

Atoms gain and lose or share electrons until they surrounded by eight valence electrons

23
Q

Transfer or sharing of electrons to attain complete eight valence electron

Study These Flashcards
A

CHEMICAL BOND

24
Q

Possess charge due to gain or lose of an electron

25
Positively Charge ions
CATIONS
26
Negatively charged ions
ANIONS
27
One atoms gives up one or more valence electron to another to form ion
IONIC BONDING
28
A chemical bond formed by the sharing a pair of electrons between atoms
COVALENT BONDINGS
29
Valence electron shared between atoms are free to move from one atom to another accounting for a hugh electrical conductivity
METALLIC BONDING
30
FORCES INCLUDES ATTRACTIONS AND REPULSION BETWEEN SURFACE, Atom, Molecules. Created by weak bonding of oppositely depolarized electron clouds and commonly occurs around covalently bonded elements
VAN DER WAALS BONDING
31
WEAK BOND BETWEEN 2 MOLECULES RESULTING AN ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTION BETWEEN IN ONE AND AN ELECTRON IN ANOTHER
HYDROGEN BONDING
32
TRENDS OF BONDING WEAK TO STRONGEST
COVALENT IONIC METTALIC HYDROGEN VAN DER WAALS
33
one ion replacing another ion due to availability in the environment while mineral is forming occurs due to an ion having similar charges & size
ATOMIC SUBSTITUTION
34
TYPES OF SUBSTITUTION
1. Simple complete 2. Coupled Ionic 3. Limited ionic
35
A type of substitution that exists when two or more ions of similar radius and the same charge substitute for one another in a coordination site in any proportions.
Simple Complete Substitution
36
Example of complete substitution
Ex. o Olivine - (Mg,Fe)2SiO4
37
(MG RICH )OLIVINE
Fosterite (Mg)2 SiO4
38
(Fe Rich) Olivine
Fayalite ( Fe )2 SiO4
39
(Sd) Siderite or _ _ co3
(Iron )FeCo3
40
(Rc) Rhodochrosite _ _ Co3
Mn ( Manganese)
41
Magnesite (Ms)_ _ Co3
Mg Rich ( Manganese)
42
A type of substitution that involves the simultaneous substitution of ions of different charges in two different structural sites.
COUPLE IONIC SUBSTITUTION
43
Example of COUPLED IONIC
Plagioclase Feldspar - (Na,Ca)(Si,Al)Si2O8
44
A type of substitution that exists between end-member components of a solid solution series due to ions of substantially different sizes limiting the amount of substitution.
LIMITED IONIC SUBSTITUTION
45
EXAMPLE OF LIMITED IONIC SUBSTITUTION
Calcite (Ca)CO3 to Magnesite (Mg)CO3
46
MNERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IONIC BONDING
V - Variable hardness. B- Brittle at room temp. Q - Quite soluble in polar substances. I - Intermediate melting temp. T - Translucent to transparent.
47
MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS IF COVALENT BONDIG
- Mod. to high melting temp. - Hard and brittle at room temp. - Insoluble in polar substances. - Crystallize from melts. - Translucent to transparent.
48
MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF METALLIC BINDING
- Fairly soft to mod. hard. - Opaque. - Plastic. malleable and ductile. - Excellent electrical and thermal conductors. - High specific gravity.
49
MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VAN DER WAALS
- Soft. - Poor conductors. - Low melting points. - Low crystal symmetry.
50
MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROGEN BONDING
Occurs in hydrated or hydroxyl minerals.

Mineralogy (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions