cs 1.1

Question 1

Integer

Answer 1

A whole number, positive or negative, including zero.

Question 2

real /float

Answer 2

A positive or negative number which can have a fractional part.

Question 3

Boolean

Answer 3

value that can be true/false

Question 4

Character

Answer 4

a single number, letter or symbol

Question 5

String

Answer 5

A collection of characters

Question 6

Pointer/reference

Answer 6

a way of storing memory addresses

Question 7

Records

Answer 7

a collection of fields, each of which could have a different data type.

Question 8

Arrays

Answer 8

a finite, indexed set of related elements each of which has the same data type

Question 9

User-defined data types

Answer 9

derived from existing data types in order to create a customised data structure

Question 10

Variable declaration

Answer 10

creating a variable for the first time, giving name and sometimes data type. allocated a portion of computer’s memory to the variable

Question 11

assignment

Answer 11

giving a constant or variable a value

Question 12

iteration

Answer 12

repeating a block of code, could be definite(no. of repetitions known) or indefinite (no. of repetitions not known)

Question 13

selection

Answer 13

comparing values + choosing an action based on those values

Question 14

subroutine

Answer 14

named block of code, containing set of instructions designed to perform a frequently used operation

Question 15

nested structures

Answer 15

one structure is placed within another (identified by different levels of indentation)

Question 16

modulo

Answer 16

returns remainder of an integer division
12 MOD 8 = 4

Question 17

Truncation

Answer 17

removing the decimal part of a no.
never rounds up
e.g. 3.14 truncated = 3

Question 18

NOT

Answer 18

1 = 0

Question 19

AND

Answer 19

1 1 = 1
0 1 = 0

Question 20

OR

Answer 20

1 1 = 1
1 0 = 1

Question 21

XOR

Answer 21

1 1 = 0
1 0 = 1

Question 22

Variable

Answer 22

change their value during execution of a program

Question 23

Constant

Answer 23

value cannot change once assgined

Question 24

substring

Answer 24

giving a staring position and a length, return a portion of a string

Question 25

concatenation

Answer 25

joining two or more string together to form a new, longer string

Question 26

exception handling

Answer 26

when error occurs in program code, an 'exception' said to be thrown. the computer then handles exception to avoid crashing, does this by pausing execution of program and saving state of program before running the catch block

Question 27

Functions

Answer 27

type of subroutine has to return a value

Question 28

procedure

Answer 28

type of subroutine not required to return a value

Question 29

Local variable

Answer 29

variable that can only be accessed from subroutine in which it was declared, created when subroutine starts and destroyed when subroutine ends

Question 30

advantage of local variable

Answer 30

only exist in computer's memory when the parent subroutine is executing, so more memory efficient than global ones

Question 31

global variables

Answer 31

can be accessed from any part of the program and exist in memory for entire duration of programs execution