CS-GS Topics

Question 1

1. Sources

Answer 1

Archaeological sources :
Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics,
monuments.
Literary sources:
Indigenous: Primary and secondary; poetry, scientific
1iterature, 1iterature, 1iterature in regional languages, re1igious
literature.
Foreign account: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers.
History 1

Question 2

2. Pre-history and Proto-history :

Answer 2

Geographical factors; hunting and gathering (paleolithic
and meso1ithic); Beginning of agriculture (neolithic and
cha1co1ithic).
History 2

Question 3

3. Indus Valley Civilization:

Answer 3

Origin, date, extent, characteristics-decline, survival and
signiticance, art and architecture.
History 3

Question 4

4. Megalithic Cultures :

Answer 4

Distribution of pastoral and fanning cultures outside
the Indus, Development of community life, Settlements,
Development of agriculture, Crafts, Pottery, and Iron industry.
History 4

Question 5

5.Aryans and Vedic Period:

Answer 5

Expansions of Aryans in India:
Vedic Period: Religious and philosophic literarure;
Transfonnation from Rig Vedic period to the later Vedic period;
Political, social and economical life; Significance of the Vedic
Age; Evolution of Monarchy and Varna system.
History 5

Question 6

6. Period ofMahajanapadas:

Answer 6

Formation of States (Mahajanapada): Republics and
monarchies; Rise of urban centres; Trade routes; Economic
growth; Introduction of coinage; Spread of Jainism and
Buddism; Rise of Magadha and Nand as.
Iranian and Mecedonian invasions and their impact.
History 6

Question 7

7. Mauryan Empire:

Answer 7

Foundation of the Mauryan Empire, Chandragupta,
Kautilya and Arthashastra; Ashoka; Concept of Dharma;
Edicts; Polity. Administration, Economy; Art, architecture and
sculpture; External contacts; Religion; Spread of religion;
Literature.
Disintegration of the empire; sungas and Kanvas.
History 7

Question 8

8. Post-Mauryan Period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas,

Western Kshatrapas):

Answer 8

Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres,
economy, coinage, development of religions, Mahayana, social
conditions, art, architecture, culture, literature and science.
History 8

Question 9

9. Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India:

Answer 9

Kharave]a, The Satavahanas, Tamil States of the Sang am
Age; Administration, Economy, ]and grants, coinage, trade
gui1ds and urban centres; Buddhist centres; Sangam 1iterature
and culture; Art and architecture.
History 9

Question 10

10. Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas:

Answer 10

Polity and administration, Economic conditions, Coinage
of the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of urban centres, Indian
feudalism, Caste system, Position of women, Education and
educational institutions; Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi,
Literature, scientitlc literature, art and architecture.
History 10

Question 11

11. Regional States during Gupta Era:

Answer 11

The Kadambas, Pa11avas, Chalukyas of Badami; Polity
and Administration, Trade guilds, Literature; growth of
Vaishnava and Saiva religions. Tamil Bhakit movement,
Shankaracharya; Vedanta; Institutions of temple and temple
architecture; Palas, Senas, Rashtrakutas, Paramaras, Polity and
administration; Cultural aspects. Arab conquest of Sind;
Alberuni, The Chaluky as of Kalyana, Cholas, Hoysalas,
Pandyas; Polity and Administration; Local Government;
Growth of art and architecture, religious sects, Institution of
temple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature,
economy and society.
History 11

Question 12

12. Themes in Early Indian Cultural History:

Answer 12

Languages and texts, major stages in the evolution of
art and architecture, major philosophical thinkers and schools,
ideas in Science and Mathematics.
History 12

Question 13

13. Early Medieval India, 750-1200:

Answer 13

-Polity: Major political developments in Northern India
and the peninsula, origin and the rise of Rajputs.
-The Cho1as: administration, vi11age economy and
society “Indian Feuda1ism”.
-Agrarian economy and urban settlements.
-Trade and commerce.
-Society: the status of the Brahman and the new social
order.
-Condition of women.
-Indian science and technology.
History 13

Question 14

14. Cultural Traditions in India, 750-1200:

Answer 14

-Philosophy: Skankaracharya and Vedanta, Ramanuja and
Vishishtadvaita, Madhva and Brahma-Mimansa.
-Religion: Forms and features of religion, Tamil devotional
cult, growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India,
Sutism.
-Literature: Literature in Sanskrit, growth of Tamil
literature, literature in the newly developing languages,
Ka1han’s Rajtarangini, A1beruni’s India .
-Art and Architecture: Temple architecture, sculpture,
painting.
History 14

Question 15

15. The Thirteenth Century:

Answer 15

-Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate: The Ghurian
invasions - factors behind Ghurian success.
-Economic, Social and cultural consequences.
-Foundation of Delhi Sultanate and early Turkish Sultans.
-Consolidation: The rule of lltutmish and Balban
History 15

Question 16

16. The Fourteenth Century:

Answer 16

-“The Khalji Revolution”.
- Alauddin Khalji: Conquests and territorial expansion,
agrarian and economic measure.
-Muhammad Tughluq: Major projects, agrarian measures,
bureaucracy of Muhammad Tughluq.
- Firuz Tugluq: Agrarian measures, achievements in civil
engineering and public works, decline ofthe Sultanate,
foreign contacts and Ibn Battuta’s account.
History 16

Question 17

17. Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and

Fourteenth Centuries:

Answer 17

-Society: composition of rural society, ruling classes,
town dwellers, women, religious classes, caste and
slavery under the Sultanate, Bhakti movement, Suti
movement.
-Culture: Persian literature, literature in the regional
languages of North India, literaute in the languages of
South India, Sultanate architecture and new structural
forms, painting, evolution of a composite culture.
-Economy: Agricultural Production, rise of urban
economy and non-agricultural production, trade and
commerce.
History 17

Question 18

18. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century-Political

Developments and Economy:

Answer 18

-Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul
Abedin), Gujarat.
- Malwa, Bahmanids.
-The Vijayanagara Empire.
-Lodis.
-Mughal Empire, first phase: Babur, Humayun.
-The Sur Empire: Sher Shah’s administration.
-Portuguese colonial enterprise, Bhakti and Sufi
Movements.
History 18

Question 19

19. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century- Society and

culture:

Answer 19

-Regional cultures specificities.
-Literary traditions.
-Provincial architectural.
-Society, culture, literature and the arts in Yijayanagara
Empire.
History 19

Question 20

20. Akbar:

Answer 20

-Conquests and consolidation of empire.
-Establishment ofjaxir and mansah systems.
-Raj put policy.
-Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory of
Sullz-i-kul and religious policy.
-Court patronage of art and technology.
History 20

Question 21

21. Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century:

Answer 21

-Major administrative policies ofJahangir, Shahjahan and
Aurangzeb.
-The Empire and the Zamindars.
-Religious policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and
Aurangzeb.
-Nature of the Mughal State.
-Late Seventeenth Century crisis and the revolts.
- TheAhom kingdom.
- Shivaji and the early Maratha Kingdom.
History 21

Question 22

22. Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries:

Answer 22

-Population Agricultural and craft production.
-Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English
and French companies : a trade revolution.
-Indian mercanti1e classes. Banking, insurance and credit
systems.
-Conditions of peasants, Condition of Women.
-Evolution of the Sikh community and the Khalsa Panth
History 22

Question 23

23. CultureduringMughalEmpire:

Answer 23

-Persian histories and other literature
-Hindi and religious literatures.
- Mugha1 architecture.
- Mugha1 painting.
-Provincia] architecture and painting.
- C1assica1 music.
-Science and technology.
History 23

Question 24

24. The Eighteenth Century:

Answer 24

-Factors for the decline of the Mughal Empire.
-The regional principa1ities: Nizam’s Deccan, Bengal,
Awadh.
- Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas.
-The Maratha fiscal and financial system.
-Emergence of Afghan power Battle of Panipat, 1761.
-State of, po1itica1, cultural and economic, on eve of the
British conquest.
History 24

Question 25

1. European Penetration into India:

Answer 25

The Early European Settlement~ ; The Portuguese and the Dutch; The English and the French East lndia Companies; Their struggle for supremacy; Carnatic Wars; Bengal-The cont1ict between the English and the Nawabs of Bengal; Siraj and the English; The Battle of Plassey; Significance of Plassey. History 25

Question 26

2. British Expansion in India:

Answer 26

Bengal-Mir Jafar and Mir Kasim; The Battle ofBuxar; Mysore; The Marathas; The three Anglo-Maratha Wars; The Punjab. History 26

Question 27

3. Early Structure of the British Raj:

Answer 27

The Early administrative structure; From diarchy to direct contol; The Regulating Act (1773 ); The Pitt's India Act (1784); The Charter Act (1833); The Voice offree trade and the changing character of British colonial rule; The English utilitarian and India. History 27

Question 28

4. Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule:

Answer 28

(a) Land revenue settlement<> in British India; The Permanent Settlement; Ryotwari Settlement; Mahalwari Settlement; Economic impact of the revenue arrangemen ts; Commercialization of agriculture; Rise of landless agrarian labourers; Impoverishment of the rural society. (b) Dislocation of traditional trade and commerce; Deindustrialisation; Decline of traditional crafts; Drain of wealth; Economic transformation of India; Railroad and communication network including telegraph and postal services; Famine and poverty in the rural interior; European business enterprise and its limitations. History 28

Question 29

5. Social and Cultural Developments:

Answer 29

The state of indigenous education, its dislocation; Orientalist-Anglicist controversy, The introduction of western education in India; The rise of press, 1i terature and public opinion; The rise of modem vernacular literature; Progress of Science; Christian missionary activities in India. History 29

Question 30

6. Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and | Other Areas:

Answer 30

Ram Mohan Roy, T he Brahmo Moveme nt; Devendranath Tagore; Iswarchandra Vidyasagar; The Young Bengal Movement; Dayanada Saraswati ; The social reform movement<> in India including Sati, widow remarriage, child marriage etc.; The contribution of Indian renaissance to the growth of modem India; Islamic revivalism-the Feraizi and Wahabi Movements. History 30

Question 31

7. Indian Response to British Rule:

Answer 31

Peasant movement and tribal uprisings in the 18th and 19th centuries including the Rangpur Dhing (1783 ), the Kol Rebellion ( 1832), the Mopla Rebellion in Malabar (1841-1920), the Santa] Hul (1855), Indigo Rebellion (1859-60), Deccan Uprising (1875) and the Munda Ulgulan (1899-1900); The Great Revolt of 1857 -Origin, character, casuses of failure, the consequences; The shift in the character of peasant uprisings in the post- 185 7 period; the peasant movements of the 1920s and 1930s. History 31

Question 32

X. Factors leading to the birth of Indian Nationalism;

Answer 32

Politics of Association; The Foundation of the Indian National Congress; The Safety-valve thesis relating to the birth of the Congress; Programme and objectives of Early Congress; the social composition of early Congress leadership; the Moderates and Extremists; The Partition of Bengal ( 1905 ); The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal; the economic and political aspects of Swadeshi Movement; The beginning of revolutionary extremism in India. History 32

Question 33

9. Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism;

Answer 33

Gandhi's popular appeal; Rowlatt Satyagraha; the Khilafat Movement; the Non-cooperation Movement; National politics from the end of the Non-cooperation movement to the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement; the two phases of the Civil Disobedience Movement; Simon Commission; The Nehru Report; the Round Table Conferences; Nationalism and the Peasant Movements; Nationalism and Working class movements; Women and Indian youth and students in Indian politics ( 1885-194 7); the election of 193 7 and the formation of ministries; Cripps Mission; the Quit India Movement; the Wavell Plan; The Cabinet Mission. History 33

Question 34

10. Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India

Answer 34

between 1858 and 1935. | History 34

Question 35

11. Other strands in the National Movement.

Answer 35

The Revolutionaries: Bengal, the Punjab, Maharashtra, U .P. the Madras Presidency, Outside India. The Left; The Left within the Congress: Jawahar1a1 Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, the Congress Socialist Party; the Communist Party oflndia, other left parties. History 35

Question 36

12. Politics of Separatism;

Answer 36

the Muslim League; the Hindu Mahasabha; Communalism and the politics of partition; Transfer of power; Independence. History 36

Question 37

13. Consolidation as a Nation;

Answer 37

Nehru's Foreign Policy; India and her ne ighbours (1947-1964 ); The linguistic reorganisation of States (1935-1947); Regionalism and regional inequality; Integration of Princely States; Princes in electoral politics; the Question of National Language. History 37

Question 38

14. Caste and Ethnicity after 1947;

Answer 38

Backward Castes and Tribes in post-colonia] electoral politics; Da1it movements. History 38

Question 39

15. Economic development and political change;

Answer 39

Land reforms; the politics of planning and rural reconstruction; Ecology and environmental policy in post-colonial India; Progress of Science. History 39

Question 40

16. Enlightenment and Modern ideas:

Answer 40

(i) Major Ideas of Enlightenment: Kant, Rousseau. (ii) Spread of Enlightenment in the colonies. (iii) Rise of socialist ideas (up to Marx); spread of Marxian Socialism. History 40

Question 41

17. Origins of Modern Politics :

Answer 41

(i) European States System (ii) American Revolution and the Constitution (iii) French Revolution and Aftermath, 1789-1815 (iv) American Civil War with reference to Abraham Lincoln and the abolition of slavery. (v) British Democratic politics, 1815-1850 :Parliamentary Reformers, Free Traders, Chartists. History 41

Question 42

18. Industrialization:

Answer 42

(i) English Industrial Revolution : Causes and Impact on Society. (ii) Industrialization in other countries : USA, Germany, Russia, Japan. (iii) Industrialization and Globalization. History 42

Question 43

19. Nation-State System:

Answer 43

(i) Rise of Nationalism in 19th century. (ii) Nationalism: State-building in Gennany and ltaly. (iii) Disintegration of Empires in the face of the emergence of nationalities across the World. History 43

Question 44

20. Imperialism and Colonialism :

Answer 44

(i) South and South-East Asia. (ii) Latin America and South Africa. (iii) Australia. (iv )Imperialism and free trade: Rise of neo-imperialism. History 44

Question 45

21. Revolution and Counter-Revolution:

Answer 45

(i) 19th Century European revolutions. (ii) The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921 . (iii) Fascist Counter-Revolution, ltaly and Germany. (iv) The Chinese Revolution of 1949. History 45

Question 46

22. World Wars:

Answer 46

(i) 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars : Societal implications. (ii) World War 1 : Causes and Consequences. (iii) World War ll : Causes and Consequences. History 46

Question 47

23. The World after World War II:

Answer 47

(i) Emergence of Two power blocs. (ii) Emergence of Third World and non-alignment (iii) UNO and the global disputes. History 47

Question 48

24. Liberation from Colonial Rule: :

Answer 48

(i) Latin America-Bolivar. (ii) Arab World-Egypt. (iii) Africa-Apartheid to Democracy. (iv) South-East Asia-Vietnam. History 48

Question 49

25. Decolonization and Underdevelopment:

Answer 49

(i) Factors constraining Development ; Latin America, Africa. History 49

Question 50

26. Unification of Europe :

Answer 50

(i) Post War Foundations ; NATO and European Community. (ii) Consolidation and Expansion of European Community (iii) European Union. History 50

Question 51

27. Disintegration of Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World:

Answer 51

(i) Factors leading to the co1lapse of Soviet Communism and Soviet Union, 1985-1991. (ii) Political Changes in East Europe 1989-2001. (iii) End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the World as the lone superpower. History 51

Question 52

Constitutional and administrative Law [16]: | 1. Constitution and Constitutionalism:

Answer 52

The distinctive features of the Constitution.

Question 53

2. Fundamental Rights-Public interest litigation;

Answer 53

Legal Aid; Legal services authority.

Question 54

3. Relationship between Fundamental rights,

Answer 54

Directive principles and Fundamental duties

Question 55

4. Constitutional Position of the President and

Answer 55

relation with the Council of Ministers.

Question 56

5. Governor and

Answer 56

his powers.

Question 57

6. Supreme Court and the High Courts:

Answer 57

(a) Appointments and transfer. | (b) Powers, functions and jurisdiction.

Question 58

7. Centre, States and local bodies:

Answer 58

(a) Distribution oflegislative powers between the Union and the States. (b) LocalBodies. (c) Administrative relationship among Union, State and Local Bodies. (d) Eminent domain-State property-common property-community property.

Question 59

8. Legislative powers,

Answer 59

privileges and immunities.

Question 60

9. Services under the Union and the States:

Answer 60

(a) Recruitment and conditions of services; Constitutional safeguards; Administrative tribunals. (b) Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commissions-Power and functions. (c) Election Commission-Power and functions.

Question 61

10. Emergency

Answer 61

provisions.

Question 62

11. Amendment of

Answer 62

the Constitution.

Question 63

12. Principle of NaturalJustice-

Answer 63

Emerging trends and judicial approach.

Question 64

13. Delegated legislation and

Answer 64

its constitutionality.

Question 65

14. Separation of powers and

Answer 65

constitutional governance.

Question 66

15. Judicial review of

Answer 66

administrative action.

Question 67

16. Ombudsman:

Answer 67

Lokayukta, Lokpal etc. | LAW 1

Question 68

International Law: | 1. Nature and Definition of

Answer 68

International Law.

Question 69

2. Relationship between International Law

Answer 69

and | Municipal Law.

Question 70

3. State Recognition and

Answer 70

State Succession.

Question 71

4. Law of the sea:

Answer 71

Inland Waters, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone and High Seas.

Question 72

5. Individuals: Nationality, statelessness;

Answer 72

Human Rights and procedures available for their | enforcement.

Question 73

6. Territorial jurisdiction of States,

Answer 73

Extradition and | Asylum.

Question 74

7. Treaties : Formation,

Answer 74

application, termination and | reservation.

Question 75

8. United Nations : lts principal organs,

Answer 75

powers | and functions and reform.

Question 76

9. Peaceful settlement of disputes-

Answer 76

different modes.

Question 77

10. Lawful recourse to force : aggressions,

Answer 77

selfdefence, | intervention.

Question 78

11. Fundamental principles of international | humanitarian law-

Answer 78

International conventions and contemporary developments

Question 79

12. Legality of the use of nuclear weapons;

Answer 79

ban on testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear nonproliferation treaty, CTST.

Question 80

13. International Terrorism, State sponsored terrorism, | Hijacking,

Answer 80

International Criminal Court.

Question 81

14. New International Economic Order and Monetary | Law:

Answer 81

WTO,TRlPS,GATT,IMF, World Bank.

Question 82

15. Protection and Improvement of the Human | Environment :

Answer 82

International Efforts. | LAW2

Question 83

Law of Crimes :-

Answer 83

``` 1. General principles of Criminal liability: mens rea and actus reus, mens rea in statutory otfences. 2. Kinds of punishment and emerging trends as to abolition of capital punishment. 3. Preparations and criminal attempt. 4. General exceptions. 5. Joint and constructive liability. 6. Abetment. 7. Criminal conspiracy. 8. Otlences against the State. 9. Otlences against public tranquility. 10. Offences against human body. 11. Otlences against property. 12. Offences against women. 13. Defamation. 14. Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. 15. Protection of Civil Ri ghts Act, 1955 and subsequent legislative developments. 16. Plea bargaining. ``` LAW3

Question 84

Law of Torts:

Answer 84

1. Nature and detinition. 2. Liability based upon fault and strict liability; Absolute liability. 3. Vicarious liability including State Liability. 4. General defences. 5. Joint tort fessors. 6. Remedies. 7. Negligence. K Defamation. 9. Nuisance. 10. Conspiracy. 11. False imprisonment. 12. Malicious prosecution. 13. Consumer Protection Act, 1986. LAW4

Question 85

Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law:

Answer 85

1. Nature and formation of contract/E-contract. 2. Factors vitiating free consent. 3. Void, voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreement<>. 4. Performance and discharge of contract<>. 5. Quasi-contracts. 6. Consequences of breach of contract. 7. Contract of indemnity, guarantee and insurance. 8. Contract of agency. 9. Sale of goods and hire purchase. 10. Formation and dissolution of partnership. 11. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. 12. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. 13. Standard form contracts. LAW 5

Question 86

Contemporary Legal Developments :

Answer 86

1. Public Interest Litigation. 2. Intellectual property rights- Concept, types/ prospects. 3. Information Technology Law including Cyber Laws-Concept, purpose/prospect<>. 4. Competition Law-Concept, purpose/prospect<>. 5. Alternate Dispute Resolution-Concept, types/ prospects. 6. Major statutes concerning environmental law. 7. Right to Information Act. 8. Trial by media. LAW6

Question 87

Political Theory and Indian Politics : | I. Political Theory:

Answer 87

meaning and approaches.

Question 88

2. Theories of state :

Answer 88

LiberaL Neo-liberal. Marxist, Pluiralist, | post-colonial and Feminist.

Question 89

3. Justice : Conceptions of justice with

Answer 89

special reference to Rawl's theory of justice and its communitarian critiques.

Question 90

4. Equality :

Answer 90

SociaL political and economic; relationship | between equality and freedom; Affirmative action.

Question 91

5. Rights :

Answer 91

Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; | Concept of Human Rights.

Question 92

6. Democracy :

Answer 92

Classical and contemporary theories; different models of democracy-representative, participatory and deliberative.

Question 93

7. Concept of power :

Answer 93

hegemony, ideology and legitimacy.

Question 94

8. Political Ideologies :

Answer 94

Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, | Fascism, Gandhism and Feminism.

Question 95

9 Indian Political Thought:

Answer 95

Dharatmhastra, i\rthashastra and Buddhist Traditions; Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Sri Aurobindo, M. K. Gandhi, B. R. Ambedkar, M. N. Roy.

Question 96

10. Western Political Thought :

Answer 96

Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, JohnS. MilL Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt. POLITICAL SCIENCE 1

Question 97

Indian Government and Politics | 1. Indian Nationalism :

Answer 97

(a) Political Strategies of India's Freedom Struggle : Constitutionalism to mass Satyagraha, Noncoope ration, Civil Disobedience; Militant and Revolutionary Movements, Peasant and Workers Movements. (b)Perspectives on Indian National Movement; Liberal, Socialist and Marxist; Radical Humanist and Dalit

Question 98

2 Making of the Indian Constitution : Legacies of the | British rule;

Answer 98

different social and political perspet-tives.

Question 99

3. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution :

Answer 99

The Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Duties, Directive Principles; Parliamentary System and Amendment Procedures; Judicial Review and Basic Structure doctrine.

Question 100

4. (a) Principal Organs ofthe Union Government : | (b) Principal Organs of the State Government :

Answer 100

a: Envisagedrole and actual working of the Executive, Legislatureand Supreme Court. b: Envisagedrole and actual working of the Executive, Legislature and High Court-;.

Question 101

5. Grassroots Democracy :

Answer 101

Panchayati Raj and Municipal Government; Significance of 73rd and 74th Amendments; Grassroot movement-;.

Question 102

6. Statutory Institutions/Commissions :

Answer 102

Election Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General, FinanceCommission, Union Public Service Commission, National Commission for Scheduled Castes, National C ommission for Scheduled Tribes, National Commissi on for Women; National Human Rights Commission, National Commission for Minoriti es, National Back ward ClassesCommission.

Question 103

7. Federalism : Constitutional provisions;

Answer 103

changing nature of centre-state relations; integrationist tendencies and regional aspirations; inter-state disputes.

Question 104

8. Planning and Economic development :

Answer 104

Nehruvian and Gandhi an perspet-tives; Role of planning and public sector; Green Revolution, land reforms and agrarian relations; liberalization and em nomic reforms.

Question 105

9. Caste. Religion and Ethnicity in

Answer 105

Indian Politics.

Question 106

10. Party System : National and regional political parties,

Answer 106

ideological and social bases of parties; Patterns of coalition politics; Pressure groups, trends in electoral b eh av iour; changing socio-economic profile of Legislators.

Question 107

11 . Social Movement :

Answer 107

Civil liberties and human rights movements; women's movement-;; environmentalist movement-;. POLITICAL SCIENCE 2

Question 108

Comparative Politics and International Relations Comparative Political Analysis and International Politics: I. Comparative Politics :

Answer 108

Nature and major approaches; Political economy and political sociology perspectives; Limitations of the comparative method.

Question 109

2. State in Comparative Perspective :

Answer 109

Characteristics and changing nature of the State in capitali ~t and socialist economies, and advanced industri al an d developing societies.

Question 110

3. Politics of Representation and Participation :

Answer 110

Political parties, pressure groups and social movements in advanced industrial and developing societies.

Question 111

4. Globalisation : Responses from

Answer 111

developed and | developing societies.

Question 112

5. Approaches to the Study of International Relations :

Answer 112

Idealist. Realist, Marxist, Functionalist and Systems | theory.

Question 113

6. Key Concepts in International Relations :

Answer 113

National inte rest. security and power; Balance of power and deterrence; Transational actors and mllective security; World ca pitali ~t economy and globalisation

Question 114

7. Changing International Political Order :

Answer 114

(a) Rise of super powers; Strategic and ideological Bipolarity, arms race and cold war; Nuclear threat; (b) Non aligned Movement : Aims and achievements. (c) Collapse of the Soviet Union; Unipolarity and American hegemony; Relevance of non-alignment in the contemporary world

Question 115

8. Evolution of the International Economic System :

Answer 115

From Brettonwoods to WTO; Socialist economies and the CMEA(Coundl for Mutual Economic Assistance); Third World demand for new international economic orde r; Globalisation ofthe world economy.

Question 116

I 0. Regionalisation of World Politics :

Answer 116

EU,ASEAN, APEC. | AARC.NAFTA.

Question 117

I I. Contemporary Global Concerns :

Answer 117

Democracy, human rights,Environment,Gender Justice, terrorism, Nuclear proliferation POLITICAL SCIENCE 3

Question 118

India and the World | I . Indian Foreign Policy :

Answer 118

Determinant~ of foreign policy; the institutions of poli cy-making; Continuity and change.

Question 119

2. India's Contribution to the Non-Alignment Movement

Answer 119

Different phases; Current role.

Question 120

3. India and South Asia :

Answer 120

(a) Regional Co-operation : SAARC-pa1.1 performance and future prospects. (b) South Asia as a Free Trade Area. (c) India's "Look East" policy. (d) Impediment~ to regional co-operation : River water disputes; illegal cross border migration; Ethnic conflicts and insurgencies; Border disputes.

Question 121

4. India and the Global South :

Answer 121

Relations with Africa and Latin America; Leadership role in the demand for NIEO and WTO negotiations.

Question 122

5. India and the Global Centres of Power:

Answer 122

USA. EU. Japan. | China and Russia.

Question 123

6. India and the UN System:

Answer 123

Role in UN Peace-keeping; | Demand for Perm anent Seat in the Security Council.

Question 124

7. India and the Nuclear Question :

Answer 124

Changing perceptions | and policy

Question 125

8. Recent developments in Indian Foreign Policy :

Answer 125

India'sposition on the recent crises in Afghanistan. Iraq and West Asia. growing relations with US and Isreal ; Vision of a new world order. POLITICAL SCIENCE 4

Question 126

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY | 1. Sociology- The Discipline:

Answer 126

(a) Mode rnity and social changes in Europe and emergence of Sociology. (b) St.ao pe of the subject and compari son with other social sctences. (c) Sociology and common sense. Sociology 1

Question 127

2. Sociology as Science:

Answer 127

(a) Science. scientific method and critique. (b) Major theoretical strands of research methodology. (c) Positivism and its critique. (d) Fact value and o~jectivity. (e) Non-positivist methodologies. Sociology 2

Question 128

3. Research Methods and Analysis:

Answer 128

(a) Qualitative and quantitative methods. (b) Techniques of data colleLtion. (c) Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity. Sociology 3

Question 129

4. Sociological Thinkers:

Answer 129

(a) Karl Marx - Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle. (b) Emile Durkhteim - Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion and society. (c) Max Weber - Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. (d) Tal colt Parsons - Social system, pattern variables. (e) Robert K. Merton - Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance. reference groups. (f) Mead - Self and identity. Sociology 4

Question 130

5. Stratification and Mobility :

Answer 130

(a) Concepts - e4uality. ine4uality. hierarchy. exclusion. poverty and deprivation. (b) Theories of social stratification - Structural func tionalist theory. Marxist theory. Weberi an theory. (

Question 131

6. Works and Economic Life :

Answer 131

(a) Social organi zation of work in different types of soci ety - slave society. feudal society. industrial capi talist society. (b) Formal and informal organization of work. (c) Labour and society. Sociology 6

Question 132

7. Politics and Society:

Answer 132

(a) Sociological theories of power. (b) Power elite. bureauc racy. pressure groups and pol itical parties. (c) Nation . state. citizenship. democracy. civil soci ety. ideology. (d) Protest. agitation. social moveme nt~. collective action. revolution. Sociology 7

Question 133

8. Religion and Society :

Answer 133

(a) Sociological theories of religion. (b) Types of religious practices: an imism. monism. pluralism. sects. cults. (c) Religion in modern society: religion and science, seculari zation. religious revivalism. fundamen tali sm. Sociology 8

Question 134

9. Systems of Kinship:

Answer 134

(a) Family. household. marriage. (b) Types and forms of family. (c) Lineage and dest:ent. (d) Patriarchy and sexual division of labour. (e) Contemporary trends. Sociology 9

Question 135

10. Social Change in Modern Society:

Answer 135

(a) Sociological theories of social change. (b) Development and dependency. (c) Agents of social change. (d) Education and social change. (e) Science. technology and social change. Sociology 10

Question 136

INDIAN SOCIETY: STRUCTURE AND CHANGE | A. Introducing Indian Society :

Answer 136

(i) Perspectives on the Study oflndian Society : (a) Indology (G.S. Ghure). (b) Structural functionalism (M. N. Srinivas). (c) Marxist sociology (A. R. Desai). (ii) Impact of colonial rule on Indian society : (a) Social background of Indian nationalism. (b) Modernization of Indian tradition. (c) Protests and movements during the colonial period. (d) Soda! reforms. Sociology 11

Question 137

B. Social Structure:

Answer 137

(i) Rural and Agrarian Social Structure: (a) The idea of Indian village and village studies. (b) Agrarian social structureevolution of land tenure system, land reforms. (ii) Caste System: (a) Perspectives on the study of caste systems: G. S. Ghurye, M. N. Srinivas, Louis Dumont, Andre Beteille. (b) Features of caste system. (c) Untouchability-forms and perspectives (iii) Tribal Communities in India: (a) Definitional problems. (b) Geographical spread. (c) Colonial policies and tribes. (d) Issues of integration and autonomy. (iv) Social Classes in India: (a) Agrarian class structure. (b) Industrial class structure. (c) Middle classes in India. (v) Systems ofKinshipin India: (a) Lineage and descent in India. (b) Types of kinship systems. (c) Family and marriage in India. (d) Household dimensions ofthe family. (e) Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division of labour. (vi) Religion and Society: (a) Religious communities in India. (b) Problems of religious minorities. Sociology 12

Question 138

C. Social Changes in India:

Answer 138

(i) Visions of Social Change in India: (a) Idea of development planning and mixed economy. (b) Constitution. law and social change. (c) &lucation and social change. (ii) Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India: (a) Programmes of rural development. Community Development Programme. cooperatives. poverty alleviation schemes. (b) Green revolution and social change. (c) Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture. (d) Problems of rural labour. bondage. migration . (iii) Industrialization and Urbanisation in India: (a) Evolution of modern industry in Ind ia. (b) Growth of urban settlements in India. (c) Working class: ~tru cture. growth. class mobili zation. (d) Informal secto r. child labour. (e) Slums and deprivation in urban areas. (iv) Politics and Society : (a) Nation. democracy and citizenship. (b) Political parties. pressure groups. social and political elite. (c) Regionalism and decentralization of power. (d) Seculari zation. ( v) Social Movements in Modern India : (a) Peasants and farmers movements. (b) Women's movement. (c) Backward classes & Dalit movements . (d) Environmental movements . (e) Eth nicity and Identity movements. (vi) PopulationDynamics: (a) Popula tion s ize. growth. compos ition and distribution. (b) Components of population growth: birth. death. migmtion. (c) Popul ation Policy and family planning. (d) Emerging issues: ageing. sex ratios. child and infant mortality. rep rod ucti ve health. (vii) Challenges of Social Transformation: (a) Crisis of development: di splacement. environmental problems and su ~ta in ability. (b) Poverty. deprivation and ine4ualities. (c) Violence again ~t women. (d) Caste conflicts . (e) Ethnic conflict~. communalism. religious revivalism. (f) llliteracy and disparities in education. Sociology 13

Question 139

Administration Theory | 1. Introduction:

Answer 139

Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration, Wilson's vision of Public Administration, Evolution of the discipline and its present status. New Public Administration, Public Choice approach; Challenges of liberalization, Privatisation, Globalisation; Good Governance: concept and application; New Public Management. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1

Question 140

2. Administrative Thought:

Answer 140

Scientific Management and Scientific Management movement; Classical Theory; Weber's bureaucratic model its critique and post-Weberian Developments; Dynamic Administration (Mary Parker Follett); Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others); Functions of the Executive (C.I. Barnard); Simon's decision-makingtheory; Participative Management (R. Likert, C. Argyris, D. McGregor.) PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 2

Question 141

3. Administrative Behaviour:

Answer 141

Process and techniques of decision-making; Communication; Morale; Motivation Theories content. process and contemporary; Theories of Leadership: Traditional and Modem: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3

Question 142

4. Organisations:

Answer 142

Theories, systems, contingency; Structure and forms: Ministries and Departments, Corporations, Companies; Boards and Commissions; Ad hoc, and advisory bodies; Headquarters and Field relationships; Regulatory Authorities; PublicPrivate Partnerships. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 4

Question 143

5. Accountability and Control:

Answer 143

Concepts of accountability and control; Legislative, Executive and judicial control over ad minbtration; Citizen and Administration; Role of media, interest groups, voluntary organizations; Civil society; Citizen's Charters; Right to Information; Soda! audit. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 5

Question 144

6. Administrative Law:

Answer 144

Meaning. scope and s ignificance; Dicey on Admini ~trati ve law; Delegated legislation; Admi ni ~trati ve Tri bunals. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 6

Question 145

7. ComparativePublicAdministration:

Answer 145

Historical and sociological factors affe

Question 146

8. Development Dynamics:

Answer 146

Com;ept of development; Changing profile of development administration; 'Anti-development thesis'; Bureaucracy and development; Strong state versus the market debate; Impact of liberalisation on administration in developing countries; Women and development the self-help group movement. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 8

Question 147

9. Personnel Administration:

Answer 147

Importance of human resource development ; Recruitment. training. career advancement. position classification. discipline. performance appraisal. promotion. pray and service conditions; employer-employee relations. grievance redressal mechanism; Code of conduct; Administrative ethics. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 9

Question 148

10. Public Policy :

Answer 148

Models of policy-making and their critique; Processes of conceptualisation. planning. implementation. monitoring. evaluation and review and theirlimitations; State theories and public policy formulation. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 10

Question 149

11. Techniques ofAdminstrativelmprovement:

Answer 149

Organisation and methods. Work study and work management; e-governance and information technology; Management aiel tools like network analysis. MIS. PERT. CPM. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 11

Question 150

12. Financial Administration:

Answer 150

Monetary and fiscal policies: Public borrowings and public debt Budgets types and forms; Budgetary process; Financial accountability; Accounts and audit. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 12

Question 151

Indian Administration | 1. Evolution oflndian Administration :

Answer 151

Kautilya Arthashastra; Mughal administration; Legacy of British rule in politics and administration lndianization of Public services, revenue administration, district Administration, local self Government. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 13

Question 152

2. Philosophical and Constitutional framework of | Government:

Answer 152

Salient features and value premises; Constitutionalism; Political culture; Bureaucracy and democracy; Bureaucracy and development. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 14

Question 153

3. Public Sector Undertakings :

Answer 153

Public sector in modern India; Forms of Public Sector Undertakings; Problems of autonomy, accountability and control; Impact ofliberalization and privatization. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 15

Question 154

4. U tlion Government andAdnlinistration:

Answer 154

Executi ve. Parliament. Judi ciary-structure. functions. work processes; Recent trends; Intra-governmental relation s; Cabinet Secretariat; Prime Minister 's Office; Central Secretariat; Ministries and Departm e nt~; Boards; Commissions; Attached offic-es; Field organizations. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 16

Question 155

5. Plans and Priorities :

Answer 155

Machinery of planning; Role. composition and functions of the Planning Commission and the National Development Council; 'Indicative' planning; Pmcess of plan formulation at Union and State levels; Constitutional Amendments (1992) and decentralized planning for economic development andsocial justice. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 17

Question 156

6. State Government and Administration:

Answer 156

Union-State administrative, legislative and financial relations; Role of the Finance Commission; Governor; Chief Minis te r; Council of Ministers; Chief Secretary; State Secretariat; Directorates. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 18

Question 157

7. District Administration since Independence:

Answer 157

Changing mle of the Collector; Union-State-local relations; Imperatives of development management and law and order administration; District administration and democratic decentralization. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 19

Question 158

8. Civil Services :

Answer 158

Constitutional position; Structure. recruitment. training and capacity building; Good governance initiatives; Code of conduct and discipline; Staff associations; Political rights; Grievance redressal mechanism; Civil service neutrality; Civil service activism. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 20

Question 159

9. Financial Management:

Answer 159

Budget as a political instrument; Parliamentary control of public expenditure; Role of finance ministry in monetary and fiscal area; Accounting techniques; Audit; Role of Controller General of Accounts and Comptroller and Auditor General of India. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 21

Question 160

10. Administrative Reforms since Independence :

Answer 160

Major concern s; Important Committees and Commission s; Reforms in financial management and human resource development; Problems of implementation. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 22

Question 161

11. Rural Development:

Answer 161

Institutions and agencies since Independence; Rural development programmes: foci and strategies; Decentrdlization and Panchayati Raj ; 73rd Constitutional amendment. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 23

Question 162

12. Urhan Local Government:

Answer 162

Municipal governance: main features. structures. finance and problem areas; 74th Constitutional Amendment; Global-local debate; New localism; Development dynamics. politics and administration with special reference to city management. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 24

Question 163

13. Law and Order Administration:

Answer 163

Briti sh legacy; National Police Commission; Investigative agencies; Role of Central and State Agencies including para milita ry forces in maintenance oflaw and order and countering insurgency and ter rorism; Criminalisation of politics and a dmini ~tration ; Poli ce-public relations; Reforms in Police. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 25

Question 164

14. Significant issues in Indian Administration:

Answer 164

Values in public service; Regulatory Commissions; National Human Rights Commission; Problems of administration in coalition regimes; Citizen administration interface; Corruption and administration; Disaster management. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 26

Question 165

MANAGEMENT

Answer 165

The candidate should make a study of the concept of development of Manaxement as science and art drawinx upon the contributions of leadinx thinkers of mmuzxement and apply the concepts to the real life of xovermnent and business decision-makinx keepinx in view the clzanxes in tlze stratexic and operative environment. MANAGEMENT1

Question 166

1. Managerial Function and Process :

Answer 166

Concept and foundations of management, Evolution of Management Thoughts; Managerial Functions-Planning, Organizing, Contro11ing; Decision-making; Ro]e of Manager, Managerial ski11s; Entrepreneurship; Management of innovation; Managing in a g1oba1 environment, F1exib1e Systems Management; Socia] responsibi1ity and managerial ethics; Process and customer orientation; Managerial processes on direct and indirect value chain. MANAGEMENT 2

Question 167

2. Organisational Behaviour and Design:

Answer 167

Conceptual model of organization behaviour; The individual processes-personality, values and attitude, perception, motivation, learning and reinforcement, work stress and stress management; The dynamics of Organization behaviour-power and politics, conflict and negotiation, leadership process and styles, communication; The Organizational Processes-decision-making, job design; Classical, Neoclassical and Contingency approaches to organizational design; Organizational theory and design- Organizational culture, managing cultural diversity, learning Organization; Organizational change and development; Knowledge Based Enterprise-systems and processes; Networked and virtual organizations. MANAGEMENT 3

Question 168

3. Human Resource Management:

Answer 168

HR challenges; HRM functions; The future challenges of HRM; Strategic Management of human resources; Human resource planning; Job analysis; 1 ob evaluation, Recmitment and selection; Training and development; Promotion and transfer; Performance management; Compensation management and bnenefits; Employee morale and productivity; Management of Organizational climate and lndustrial relations; Human resources accounting and audit; Human resource information system; lnternational human resource management. MANAGEMENT 4

Question 169

4. Accounting for Managers :

Answer 169

Financial accounting-concept, importance and scope, genera11y accepted accounting principles, preparation of fin ancial statements with special reference to analysis of a balance sheet and measurment of business income, inventory valu ation and depreciation, financial statement analysis, fund flow analysis, the statement of cash flows; Management accounting concept, need, imporance and scope; Cost accounting- records and processes, cost ]edger and control accounts, reconciliation and integration bwtween financial and cost accounts; Overhead cost and control, Job and process costing, Budget and budgetary control, Performance budgeting, Zero-ba~e budgeting, relevant costing and costing for decision-making, standard costing and variance analysis, marginal costing and absorption costing. MANAGEMENT 5

Question 170

5. Financial Management:

Answer 170

Goal of Finance Function. Concept~ of value and return. Valuation of bonds and Shares; Management of working capital : Estimation and Financing; Management of cash, receivables, inventory and current liabilities; Cost of capital ; Capital budgeting; Financial and operating leverage; Design of capital structure: theories and practices; Shareholder value creation: dividend policy, corporate financial pol icy and strategy, management of corporate distress and restructuring strategy; Capital and money markets: institutions and instmments; Leasing hire purchase and venture capital; Regulation of capital market; Risk and return: portfolio theory; CAPM;APT; Financial derivatives: option, futures, swap; Recent reforms in financial sector. MANAGEMENT 6

Question 171

6. Marketing Management:

Answer 171

Concept, evolution and scope; Marketing strategy formulation and components of marketing plan; Segmenting and targeting the market; Positioning and differentiating the market offering; Analyzi ng competition;Analyzing consumer markets; lndustrial buyer behaviour; Market research; Product strategy; Pricing strategies; Designing and managing Marketing channels; lntegrated marketing communications; Building customer staisfaction, Value and retention; Services and non-profit marketing; Ethics in marketing; Consumer protection; l ntemet marketing; Retail management; Customer relationship management; Concept of holistic marketing. MANAGEMENT 7

Question 172

1. Quantitative Techniques in Decision-making:

Answer 172

Descriptive statistics-tabular, graphical and numerical methods, introduction to probability, discrete and continuous probability di s tributions, inferential statistics-sampling distributions, central limit theorem, hypothesis testing for differences between means and proportions, inference about popul ation variances, Chisquare and ANOVA, simple correlation and regression, time series and forecasting, decision theory, index numbers; Linear programmingproblem formulation, simplex method and graphical solution, sensitivity analysis. MANAGEMENT 8

Question 173

2. Production and Operations Management:

Answer 173

Fundamentals of operations management; Organizing for production; Aggregate production planning, capacity planning, plant design: process planning, plant size and scale of operations, Management of faci1ities; Line balancing; Equipment replacement and maintenance; Production control; Supply, chain management-vendor evaluation and audit; Quality management; Statistical process control, Six Sigma; F1exibi1ity and agi1ity in manufacturing systems; World c1a~s manufaturing; Project management concepts, R&D management, Management of service operations; Role and importance of materials management, value analysis, make or buy decision; Inventory control, MRP; Wa~te management. MANAGEMENT 9

Question 174

3. Managementlnformation System :

Answer 174

Conceptual foundations of information systems; lnformation theory; lnformation resource management; Types of information Systems; Systems Deve1opment-Ovenriew of Systems and Design; System Development management 1ife-cyc1e, Designing on1ine and distributed environments; lmp1ementation and control of project; Trends in information technology; Managing data resources-Organising data. DSS and RDBMS; Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Expert systems, e-Business architecture, e-Governance; lnformation systems planning, Flexibility in information systems; User involvement; Evaluation of information systems. MANAGEMENT10

Question 175

4. Govermnent Business Interface :

Answer 175

State participation in business, lnteraction between Government, Business and different Chambers of Commerce and lndustry in lndia; Government's ploicy with regard to Small Scale lndu s tri es; Government clear ances for establishing a new enterprise; Public Distribution System; Government control over price and distribution; Consumer Protection Act (CPA) and The Role of Voluntary Organizations in protecting consumers' right~; New lndustrial Policy of the Government : liberalization, deregulation and privatisation; lndian planning system; Government policy concerning development of Backward areas/regions; The Responsibilities of the business as well as the Government to protect the environment; Corporate Governance; Cyber Laws. MANAGEMENT 11

Question 176

5. Strategic Cost Management:

Answer 176

Business policy as a field of study; Nature and scope of strategic management, Strategic inten t, vision, objectives and policies; Process of strategic planning and implementation; Environmental analysis and internal analysis; SWOT analysis; Tools and techn iques for strategic analysis-1m pact matrix: The experience curve, BCG malrix, GEC mode, lndustry analysis, Concept of value chain; Strategic profile of a firm; Framework for analysing competition; Competitive advantage of a firm; Generic competitive strategies; Growth strategiesexpansion, integration and diversification; Concept of core competence, Strategic flexibility; Reinventing strategy; Strategy and stru cture; chief Executive and Board; turnaround management; Management of strategic change; Strategic alliances, Mergers and Acquisitions; Strategy and corporate evolution in the lndian context. MANAGEMENT12

Question 177

6. International Business :

Answer 177

International Business Environment : Changing composition of trade in good~ and services; India's Foreign Trade: Policy and trends; Financing of International trade; Regional Economic Cooperation; FTA~; Internationalisation of service firms; International production; Operation Management in International companies; International Taxation; Global competitiveness and technological developments; Global E-Business; Design ing global organisational structure and control; Multicultural management; Global business strategy; Global marketing strategies; Export Management; Export-Import procedures; Joint Ventures; Foreign Investment: Foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment; Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions; Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure Management; World Financial Markets and International Banking; External Debt Management; Cou ntry Risk Analysis. MANAGEMENT13

Question 178

Foundations ofPsychology | 1. Introduction :

Answer 178

Definition of Psychology; Hi ~tor i ca I antecedents of Psychology and trends in the 21st centrury; Psychology and scientific methods; Psychology in relation to other social sciences and natural sciences; Application of Psychology to societal problems. PSYCHOLOGY 1

Question 179

2. Methods of Psychology :

Answer 179

Types of research : Des criptive. evaluative. diagnostic and prognostic; Methodsof Research :Survey. observation. case-study and experiments; Characteristics of experimental design and non- ex peri menta I designs; quasi-experimental designs; Focussed group dis cussions. brain storming. grounded theory approach. PSYCHOLOGY 2

Question 180

3. Research methods :

Answer 180

M'\jor steps in psychological research (problem statement. hypothesis formulation, research design, sampling, tools of data collection, anal ysis and interpretation and report writing); Fundamental versus applied research; Methods of data collection (interview, observation. 4uestionnaire and case study). Research Designs (Ex-post facto and experimental). Application of statistical techn i4ues (t-test, two-way AN OVA, correlation and regression and factor analysis) item response theory. PSYCHOLOGY 3

Question 181

4. Development of Human Behaviour :

Answer 181

Growth and development; Principles of development, Role of genetic and environmental factors in determining human behaviour; Influence of cultural factors in socialization ; Life span development-Characteristics, development tasks, promoting psychological well-being across major stages ofthe life span. PSYCHOLOGY 4

Question 182

5. Sensation, Attention and Perception :

Answer 182

Sensation: concepts of threshold. absolute and difference thresholds. signal-detection and vigilance; Factors influencing attention including set and characteristics of stimulus; Definition and concept of perception. biological factors in perception; Perceptual organization-influence of past experiences. perceptual defence-factor influencing space and depth perception. size estimation and perceptual readiness; The plasticity of perception; Extrasensory perception; Culture and perception. Subliminal perception. PSYCHOLOGY 5

Question 183

6. Learning :

Answer 183

Concepts and theories of learning (Behaviourists. Gestaltalist and Information processing models) . The processes of extinction. di scrimination and generalisation. Programmed learning. probability learning, self instructional learning. concepts. types and the schedules of reinforcement. escape. avoidance and punishment. modelling and social learn ing. PSYCHOLOGY 6

Question 184

7. Memory : Encoding and remembering;

Answer 184

Shot-term memory. Long-term memory, Sensory memory, Iconic memory, Echoic memory: The Multi store model, levels of processing; Organization and Mnemonic techniques to improve memory; Theories of forgetting: decay, interference and retrieval failure: Meta memory; Amnesia: Anterograde and retrograde. PSYCHOLOGY 7

Question 185

8. Titinking and Problem Solving :

Answer 185

Piaget's theory of cognitive development; Concept formation pr ocesses; Information processing. Reasoning and problem so lvin g. Facilitating and hindering factors in problem solving. Methodsof problem solving: Creative thinking and fostering creat.Jv1ty; Factors influencing decision making and judgement; Recent trends. PSYCHOLOGY 8

Question 186

9. Motivation and Emotion :

Answer 186

Psychological and phys iological basis of motivation and emotion; Measurementof moti vation and emotion; Effects of moti vation and emotion on behaviour; Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation; Factors influencing intri nsic motivation; Emotional competence and the related issues. PSYCHOLOGY 9

Question 187

10. Intelligence and Aptitude :

Answer 187

Concept of intelligence and aptitude. Nature and theories of intelligence-Spearman. Thurstone. Gulford Vernon. Sternberg and J .P. Das; Emotional Intelligence. Social intelligence. measurement of intelligence and aptitudes. concept of I Qdeviation I Q constancy of I Q Measurement of multiple intelligence; Fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence. PSYCHOLOGY 1 0

Question 188

11. Personality:

Answer 188

Definition and concept of personality; Theories of personality (psychoanalyticaL socio-culturaL interpersonal. developmental. humanistic. behaviouristic. trait and type approaches); Measurement of personality ( pn~j ective tests. pencil-paper test); The Indian approach to personality; Training for personality development; Latest approaches like big 5 factor theory; The notion of self in different traditions. PSYCHOLOGY 11

Question 189

12. Attitudes, Values and Interests :

Answer 189

Definitions of attitudes. values and interests; Compon ent~ of attitudes; Formation and maintenance of attitudes. Measurement of attitudes. values and interest~. Theories of attitude changes. strategies for fostering values. Formation of stereotypes and prejudices; Changing othe r 's behaviour. Theories of attribution; Recent trends. PSYCHOLOGY12

Question 190

13. Language and Communication :

Answer 190

Human languageProperties. | stru

Question 191

14. Issues and Perspectives in Modern Contemporary | Psychology :

Answer 191

Computer application in the psychological lab oratory and psychological testing; Artificial intelligence; Ps ychocybernetics; Study of consciousnessleep~wak schedules; dreams, stimulus deprivation, meditation, hypnotic/ drug induced states; Extrasensory perception; Intersensory percep tion; Simulation studies. PSYCHOLOGY 14

Question 192

Psychology: Issues and applications 1. Psychological Measurement of Individual Differences :

Answer 192

The nature of intli vitlual differences. Ch aracter i ~ti cs anti construction of stantlartlizetl psychological te ~ts. Types of psy chological tests. Use. mis use anti limitation of psychological tests. Ethical issues in the use of psychological test~ . PSYCHOLOGY 15

Question 193

2. Psychological well being and Mental Disorders :

Answer 193

Concept of health-ill health positive health. well being casual factores in Mental disorders (Anxiety disorders. mood disorders; schizophrenia and delusional disorders; personality disorders. substance abuse disorders). Factors influencing positive health. well being; lifestyle and quality of life; Happiness disposition PSYCHOLOGY 16

Question 194

3. Therapeutic Approaches:

Answer 194

Psychodynamic therapies. Behaviour therapies. Client centered therapy. Cognitive therapi es. Indigenous therapies (Yoga. Meditation). Biofeedback therapy. Prevention and rehabilitation of the mentally ill; Fo~teri n g mental health. PSYCHOLOGY 17

Question 195

4. Work Psychology and Organisational Behaviour :

Answer 195

Personnel selection and training. Use of Psychological tests in the industry. Training and human resource development. Theories of work motivation. Herzberg. Maslow. Adam Equity theory. Porter and Lawler. Vroom; Leadership and participatory management; Advertising and marketing; Stress and its manageme nt; Ergonomics; consumer psychology; Manageri al effectiveness; Trans formational l eade rs ip; Seniti vity training; Power and politics in organizations. PSYCHOLOGY18

Question 196

5. Application ofPsychology to Educational Field:

Answer 196

Psychological principles underlying effective teachinglearning process. Learning styles. Gifted. retarded. learning di sabled and their training. Training for improving memory and better academic achievement. Personality development and value education. Educational. vocational guidance and Career counselling. Use of Psychological tests in education al institutions; Effective strategies in guidance programmes. PSYCHOLOGY 19

Question 197

6. Community Psychology:

Answer 197

Definition and

Question 198

7. Rehabilitation Psychology:

Answer 198

Primary. second ary and tertiary preve ntion programmes- role of psychologbts. Organising of services for rehabilitation of physically. mentally and socially challenged persons including old persons. Rehabilitation of persons suffering from substance abuse. juvenile delinquency. criminal behaviours. Rehabilitation of victims of violence. Rehabilitation of HIY /AIDS victims. the role of social agencies. PSYCHOLOGY 21

Question 199

8. Application ofPsychology to disadvantaged groups:

Answer 199

The concepts of disadva ntaged. deprivation social. physic al. c ultural and economic conse4uences of di sadvantaged and de pri ved g roups. Educating and moti vating the disadvantaged towards developme nt; Relative and prolonged depri vation. PSYCHOLOGY 22

Question 200

9. Psychological problem of social integration :

Answer 200

The concept of soda! integration. The problem of caste, class, religion and language conflicts and prejudice. Nature and manifestation of prejudice between the ingroup and outgroup. Casual factors of such conflicts and prejudices. Psych ological s trategies for handling the confli cts and prej udices. Measures to achieve social integration. PSYCHOLOGY 23

Question 201

10. Application ofPsychology in Information Technology | and Mass Media:

Answer 201

The present scenario of information technology and the mass media boom and the role of psychologists. Sele1..tion and training of Psychology professionals to work in the field of IT and mass media. Distance learning through IT and mass media. Entrepreneurship through e~comm erc e. Multilevel marketing. Impact of TV and fostering value through IT and mass media . Psych ological consequences of recent developments in Information Technology. PSYCHOLOGY 24

Question 202

11. Psychology and Economic development:

Answer 202

Achievement motivation and economic development. Characteristics of entrepreneurial behaviour. Motivating and Training people for entrepreneurship and economic development; Consumer rights and consumer awareness, Government policies for promotion of entrepreneurship among youth including women entreprenures. PSYCHOLOGY 25

Question 203

12. Application ofPsychology to environment and related | fields:

Answer 203

Environmental Psychology effects of noise. pollution and crowding. Population Psy chology : Psych ological consequence of population explosion and high population density. Motivating for small family nonns. Impact of rapid sci enti fie and technolog ical growth on degradation of environment. PSYCHOLOGY 26

Question 204

13. Application of psychology in other fields:

Answer 204

(a) Military Psychology Devising psycological tests for defence personnel for use in selection. Training. counseling; training psychologists to work. with defence personnel in promoting positive health; Human engineering in defence. (b) Sports Psychology Psychological interventions in improving performance of athletes and sports. Persons participating in Individual and Team Games. (c) Media influences on pro and anti-social behaviour. (d) Psychology of Terrorism. PSYCHOLOGY 27

Question 205

14. Psychology of Gender:

Answer 205

Issues of di scrimination. Management of di versity; Glass ceiling effect Self-ful filling prophesy. Women and Indian society. PSYCHOLOGY 28

Question 206

Anthropology--Meaning, Scope and development-1

Answer 206

1.1 Meaning, Scope and development of Anthropology. 1.2 Relationships with other disciplines : Social Sciences, behavioural Sciences, Life Sciences, Medical Sciences, Earth Sciences and Humanities. 1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance: (a) Social-cultural Anthropology. (b) Biological Anthropology. (c) Archaeological Anthropology. (d) Linguistic Anthropology. 1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man : (a) Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution. (b) Theories of Organic E vol uti on (Pre-Darwinian, Darwinian and Post-Darwinian). (c) Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionary biology (Doll's rule, Cope's rule, Gause's rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, and mosaic evolution). 1.5 Characteristics of Primates; Evolutionary Trend and Primate Taxonomy; Primate Adaptations; (Arboreal and Terrestrial) Primate Taxonomy; Primate Behaviour; Tertiary and Quaternary fossil primates; Living Major Ptimates; Comparative Anatomy of Man and Apes; Skeletal changes due to erect posture and iL<> implications. 1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of the following: (a) Plio-preleistocene hominids in South and East Africa-Austral opi thee ines. (b) Homo erectus: A (rica (Paranthrovus ), Europe (Homo erectus (heidelbergensis), Asia (Homo erectus iavanicus, Homo erectus pekinensis. (c) Neanderthal man-La-chapelle-aux-saints (Cla

Question 207

Anthropology--Meaning, Scope and development-1

Answer 207

2.1 The Nature of Culture : The concept and Characteris ti cs of c ul ture and ci vi l ization ; Elhnocenuaism vis-a-vis cultural Relativism. 2.2 The Natmae of Society : Concept of Society; Society and Culture; Social Institution; Social groups; and Social stratification. 2.3 Marriage : Definition and uni versality; Laws of marriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy, h ypogamy, incest taboo); Type of marriage (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group marriage). Functions of marriage; Marriage reg ula tions (preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive); Marriage payments (bride wealth and dowry). 2.4 Family : Definition and universality; Family, household and domestic groups; functions of family; Types of family (from the perspectives of structure, blood re lation, marriage, residence and succession); Impact of urbanization, indusuaializati on and feminist movemenLc; on family. 2.5 Kinship : Consanguinity andAffinity; Principles and types of descent (Unilinea l, Double, Bilateral Ambilineal); Forms of descent groups (lineage, clan, phrauay, moiety and kindred); Kinship terminology (descriptive and classificatory); Descent, Filiation and Complimentary Filiation;Decent and Alliance. Anthropology 2

Question 208

3. Economic Organization :

Answer 208

Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anlhropology; FormalisL and S ub sLanLi vi sL debaLe; Principles governing producti on, di sLribution and exchange (reciprociLy, redisuaibution and markel), in communi Lies, subsisting on huming and gaLhering, fishing, swiddening, pas Lo rali sm, honicullure, and agricullure; globaliLaLion and indigenous economic sysLems. Anthropology 3

Question 209

4. PoJiticaJ Organization and Socia] Control :

Answer 209

Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state; concepts of power, authori ty and legitimacy; social control, law and justice in simple Societies. Anthropology 4

Question 210

5. Religion :

Answer 210

Anthropological approaches to the study of religion (evolutionary, psycholog ical and functional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred and profane; myths and rituals; forms of religion in tribal and peasant Societies (animism, animalism, fetishism, naturism and totemism); religion, magic and science distingui shed; magico-religious functionaries (priest, shaman, medicine man, sorcerer and witch). Anthropology 5

Question 211

6. Anthtaopological theories :

Answer 211

(a) Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan and Fra.Ler) (b) Histori cal particulari sm (Boas) Diffusionism (British, German and American) (c) F unctionalism (Malinowski) ; Structural- Function) ism (Radcliffe-Brown) (d) Suaucturalism (L'evi-Suaauss and E. Leach) (e) Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton, Kardiner and Cora-duBois) (1) Neo-evolulionism (Childe, White, Steward, Sahlins and Service) (g) Cultural matelialism (Hanis) (h) Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, Schneider and Geertz) (i) Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin) G) Post-modemism in anthropoloyg. Anthropology 6

Question 212

7. Culture, Language and Communication:

Answer 212

Nalure, origin and characterist.ics of language; verbal and non- verbal communicaLion; social conLex of lang uage use. Anthropology 7

Question 213

8. Research methods inAnthropology :

Answer 213

(a) Fieldwork LradiLion in anthropology (b) DisLincLion beLween Lechnique, method and meLhodology (c) Tools of daLa collecLion: observaLion, inLerview, schedules, quesLionnaire, case sLudy, genealogy, life-hisLory, oral hisLory, secondary sources of informaLion, parLicipaLory meLhod<>. (d) Analysis, imerpreLaLion and presenLaLion of daLa. Anthropology 8

Question 214

9.Anthropology- Human Genetics

Answer 214

9.1 Human Genetics : Methods and Application : | Melhod

Question 215

10. ConceptofhumangrowthandDevelopment -1:

Answer 215

Stages of growlh-pre-nalal, nalal, infanl, childhood, adolescence, maLuriLy, senescence. -Faclors affecling growlh and developmenl genelic, environmental, biochemical, nulrilional, cullural and socio-economic. -Ageing and senescence. Theories and observalions -Biological and chronological longevily. Human physique and somalolypes. Melhodologies for growlh sludies. Anthropology 10

Question 216

11. ConceptofhumangrowthandDevelopment -2:

Answer 216

11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bioevenLs Lo fertilely. fertilely poorness and differentials. 11.2 Demographic Lheories-biological, social and cullural. 11.3 Biological and socio-ecological facLors influencing fecundiLy, ferLiliLy, naLaliLy andmorLaliLy. Anthropology 11

Question 217

12. Applications of Anthropology :

Answer 217

Anthropology of sporls, Nulrilional anlhropology, Anlhroplogy in designing of defence and other equipmenL<>, Forensic AnLhroplogy, MeLhods and principles of personal idenLificaLion and reconslruclion, Applied human geneLics-Palernily diagnosis, genetic counselling and eugenics, DNA Lechnology in diseases and medicine, serogeneLics and cyLogeneLics in reproduclive biology. Anthropology 12

Question 218

13-Evolution ofthe Indian Culture and Civilization

Answer 218

1.1 Evolution ofthe Indian Culture and CivilizationPrehistoric (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Neolithic-Chalcolithic), Protohistoric (Indus Civilization). Pre-Harappan, Harappan and postHarappan cultures. Contributions of the tribal cultures to Indian civilization. 1.2 Palaeo-Anlhropological evidences from India with special reference to Siwaliks and Narmada basin (Ramapithecus, Sivapithecus and Narmada Man). 1.3. Ethno-archaeology in India: The concept of ethnoarchaeology; Survivals and Parallels among the hunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral and peasant communities including arts and crafts producing communities. Anthropology 13

Question 219

2.Demographic profile of lndia-

Answer 219

Ethnic and linguistic elements in Lhe Indian population and their distribution. Indian population-factors influencing its structure and growlh. Anthropology 14

Question 220

3.The structure and nature of traditional India-

Answer 220

3.1 The structure and nature of traditional Indian social system-Vamashram, Purushartha, Karma, Rina and Rebirth. 3.2 Caste system in India- S trucLure and characteristics Varna and caste, Theories of origin of caste system, Dominant caste, Caste mobility, Future of caste system, Jajmani system. Tribe-case continuum. 3.3 Sacred Complex andNature-Man-SpiritComplex. 3.4. Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity of Indian society. Anthropology 15

Question 221

4. Emergence, growth and development in lndia-

Answer 221

Contribu lions of the 18th, 19th and early 20th Century scholar-administraLOrs. Contribu tions of Indian anthropologisL<> to tribal and caste studies. Anthropology 16

Question 222

5. Significane of village study in India-

Answer 222

5.1 Indian Village-Significane of village study in India; Indian village as a social system; Traditional and changing patterns of settlement and inter-caste relations; Agrarian relations in Indian villages; Impact of globali z.a ti on on Indian villages. 5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities and their social, political and economic status. 5.3 Indigenous and exogenous processes of sociocultural change in Indian society: Sanskritization, Westernization, Modemization; Inter-play ofliule and great uaaditions; Panchayati Raj and social change; Media and Social change. Anthropology 17

Question 223

6. Tribal situation in India

Answer 223

6.1 Tribal situation in India-Bio-genet.ic variability, linguistic and socio-economic characterist.ics of the tribal populat.ions and their distribution. 6.2 Problems of the tribal Communities-Land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, low literacy, poor educational facilities, unemployment, underemployment, health and nutrit.ion. 6.3 Developmental projects and their impact on tribal displacement and problems of rehabilitation. Development of forest policy and tribals. Impact of urbanisation and industrialization on tribal populations. Anthropology 18

Question 224

7. Problems of exploita.t.ion and deprivation of

Answer 224

7.1 Problems of exploita.t.ion and deprivation of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes. Constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes. 7.2 Social change and contemporary tribal societies : Impact of modern democratic institutions, development programmes and welfare measures on tribals and weaker sections. 7.3 The concept of elhnicity; Ethnic conOicL

Question 225

8.Impact of Religions on-

Answer 225

8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and oLher religions on tribal societies. 8.2 Tribe and nation sLate-a comparative study of tribal communities in India and other countries. Anthropology 20

Question 226

9.History of administration of tribal areas

Answer 226

9.1 History of administration of tribal areas. tribal policies, plans, programmes of tribal development and their implementation. The concept of PTGs (Primitive Tribal Groups), their distribution, special programmes for their development. Role of N.G.O.s in tribal development. 9.2 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development. 9.3 Contributions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism and ethnic andpolilical movemenL<>. Anthropology 21

Question 227

History and Problems of Philosophy | 1 . Plato and Aristotle :

Answer 227

ldeas; Substance; Form and Matter; Causation; Actuality and Potentiality. Philosophy 1

Question 228

2. Rationalism (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz);

Answer 228

Cartesian Method and Cer tain Knowledge; Substance; God; Mind-Body Dualism; Determinism andFreedom. Philosophy 2

Question 229

3. Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume) :

Answer 229

Theory of Knowledge; Substance and Qualities; Self and God; Scepticism. Philosophy 3

Question 230

4. Kant:

Answer 230

Possibility of Synthetic a priori Judgments; Space and Time; Categories; ldeas of Reason; Antinomies; Critique of Proofs for the Existence of God. Philosophy 4

Question 231

S. Hegel :

Answer 231

Dialectical Method; Absolute ldealism. Philosophy 5

Question 232

6. Moore, Russ e)] and Early Wittgenstein :

Answer 232

Defence of Commonsense; Refutation of Idealism; Logical Atomism; Logical Constru ctio ns; Incomplete Symbols; Picture Theory of Meaning; Sying and Showing. Philosophy 6

Question 233

7. Logica]Positivism :

Answer 233

VerificationTheoryofMeaning; Rejection of Metaphysics; Linguistic Theory of Necessary Propositions. Philosophy 7

Question 234

8. Later Wittgenstein :

Answer 234

Meaning and Use; Languagegames; Cri tique of Private Language. Philosophy 8

Question 235

9. Phenomenology (Husser1):

Answer 235

Method; Theory of Essences; Avoidance of Psycho1ogism. Philosophy 9

Question 236

I 0. Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Sarte, Heidegger):

Answer 236

Existence and Essence; Choice, Responsibility and Au the ntic Existence; Being-in-the-world and Temporality. Philosophy 10

Question 237

II. Quine and Strawson :

Answer 237

Critique of Empiricism; Theory of Basic Particulars and Persons. Ph ilosophy 11

Question 238

12. Carvaka :

Answer 238

Theory of Know1egde; Rejection of Transcendent Entities. Philosophy 12

Question 239

13. Jainism :

Answer 239

Theoty of Reality; Saptabhanginaya; Bondage and Liberation. Philosophy 13

Question 240

14. Schools of Buddhism :

Answer 240

Prat l tya~amutpada; Ksanikavada, Nairatmyavada. Ph ilosophy 14

Question 241

15. Nyaya- Vaiesesika :

Answer 241

Theory ofCategories;Theory of Appearance; Theory of Pramana; Self, Liberation; God; Proofs for the Existence of God; Theory of Causation; Atomistic Theory of Creation. Ph ilosophy 15

Question 242

16. Samkhya; .....

Answer 242

Prakrit; Pumsa; Causation; Liberation. Philosophy 16

Question 243

17. Yoga;....

Answer 243

Citta; Cittavrtti; Klesas; Samadhi; Kaivalya. Philosophy 17

Question 244

18. Mimamsa:

Answer 244

Theory of Know1egde Philosophy 18

Question 245

19. Schools of Vedanta :

Answer 245

Brahman; lsvara; Atman; Jiva; Jagat; Maya; Avida; Adhyasa; Moksa; Aprthaksiddhi; Pancavidhabheda. Ph ilosophy 19

Question 246

20. Aurobindo:

Answer 246

Evolution, Involution; Integral Yoga.

Question 247

21. Socio-Political Philosophy

Answer 247

1. Socia] andPo1itica11dea1s: Equality, Justice, Liberty. 2. Sovereignty: Austin, Bodin, Laski, Kauti1ya. 3. lndividua] and State : Rights; Duties and Accountabi1ity. 4. Forms of Government : Monarchy; Theocracy and Democracy. 5. Po1itica1 ldeo1ogies: Anarchism; Marxism and Socialism. 6. Humanism; Secularism; Mu1ti-cu1tura1ism. 7. Crime and Punishment: Com1ption, Mass Violence, Genocide, Capita] Punishment. 8. Development and Socia] Progress. 9. Gender Discrimination :Female Foeticide, Land and Property Rights; Empowerment. 10. Caste Discrimination: Gandhi andAmbedkar. Philosophy 21

Question 248

Philosophy of Religion

Answer 248

1. Notions of God: Attributes; Relation to Man and the World. (lndian and Western). 2. Proofs for the Existence of God and their Critique (lndian and Western). 3. Problem of Evil. 4. Sou]: lmmortality; Rebirth and Liberation. S. Rea~ on, Revelation and Faith. 6. Religious Experience : Nature and Object (lndian and Western). 7. Religion without God. 8. Religion and Morality. 9. Religious Pluralism and the Problem of Absolute Tmth. 10. Nature of Religious Language: Analogical and Symbolic; Cognitivist andN on-cognitive. Philosophy 22

Question 249

PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY Physical Geography: 1. Geomorphology :

Answer 249

Factors control1ing landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; Origin and evolution of the earth's crusts; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions ofthe earth's interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on mountain building; Volcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Land scape development; Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development; Applied Geomorphology; Geomorphology, economic geology and environment. GEOGRAPHY 1

Question 250

2. Climatology :

Answer 250

Temperature and pressure belts ofthe world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric circulation; Atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet streams; Air masses and fronto; Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Weather and C1imate; Koppen's Thomthwaite's and Trewar Tha's classitication of world c1imate; Hydrological cyc1e; Global c1imatic change, and role and response of man in c1imatic changes Applied c1imato1ogy and Urban c1imate. GEOGRAPHY 2

Question 251

3. Oceanography :

Answer 251

Bottom topography oftheAtlantic, Indian and Pacitic Oceans; Temperature and salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budget~ . Ocean depos i t~; Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources; biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs coral bleaching; Sea-level changes; Law of the sea and marine pollution. GEOGRAPHY 3

Question 252

4. Biogeography :

Answer 252

Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil protile; Soil erosion, Degradation and conservation; Factors intluencing world distribution of plants and animals; Problems of deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry, agro-forestry; Wild life; Major gene pool centres. GEOGRAPHY 4

Question 253

5. Environmental Geography :

Answer 253

Principle ecology; Human ecological adaptations; lnt1uence of man on ecology and environment; Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances; Ecosystem their management and conservation; Environmental degradation, management and conservation; Biodiversity and sustainable development; Environmental policy; Environmental hazards and remedial measures; Environmental education and legislation. GEOGRAPHY 5

Question 254

Human Geography: | 1. Perspectives in Human Geography :

Answer 254

Areal differentiation; Regional synthesis; Dichotomy and dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution and locational analysis; Radical, behavioural, human and welfare approaches; Languages, religions and secularisation; Cultural regions of the world; Human development indix. GEOGRAPHY 6

Question 255

2. Economic Geography :

Answer 255

World economic development: measurement and problems; World resources and their distribution; Energy crisis; the limits to growth; World agriculture: typology of agricultural regions; Agricultural inputs and productivity; Food and nutritions problems; Food security; famine: causes, effects and remedies; World industries: location patterns and problems; Patterns of world trade. GEOGRAPHY 7

Question 256

3. Population and Settlement Geography :

Answer 256

Growth and distribution of world population; Demographic attributes; Causes and consequences of migration; Concepts of over-under-and optimum population; Population theories, world population problems and po1icies, Socia] we11-being and qua1ity of 1ife; Population as social capitaL Types and patterns of rura] settlements; Environmental issues in rura] settlements; Hierarchy of urban settlements; Urban morphology; Concept of primate city and rank-size rule; Functional c1assification of towns; Sphere of urban int1uence; Rural-urban fringe; Sate11ite towns; Problems and remedies of urbanization; Sustainable development of cities. GEOGRAPHY 8

Question 257

4. Regional Planning :

Answer 257

Concept of a region; Types of regions and methods of regionalisation; Growth centres and growth poles; Regional imbalances; Regional development strategies; Environmental issues in regional planning; Planning for sustainable development. GEOGRAPHY 9

Question 258

5. Models, Theories and Laws in Hwnan Geography:

Answer 258

System analysis in Human geography; Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models; Central Place theories ofChristaller and Losch; Perroux and Boudeville; Von Thunen's model of agricultural location; Weber 's model of industrial location; Ostov's model of stages of growth. Heart-land and Rim land theories; Laws of international boundaries and frontiers. GEOGRAPHY10

Question 259

GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA | 1. Physical Setting :

Answer 259

Space relationship oflndia with neighbouring countries; Structure and relief; Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic regions; Mechanism oflndian monsoons and rainfall patterns; Tropical cyclones and western disturbances; Floods and droughts; Climatic regions; Natural vegetation, Soil types and their distributions. GEOGRAPHY 11

Question 260

2. Resources :

Answer 260

Land, surface and ground water, energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources, Forest and wild life resources and their conservation; Energy crisis. GEOGRAPHY12

Question 261

3. Agriculture :

Answer 261

Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; Institutional factors; land holdings, land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern, agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop combination, land capability; Agro and socialforestry; Green revolution and its socio-economic and ecological implications; Significance of dry farming; Livestock resources and white revolution; Aqua-culture; Sericulture, Agriculture and poultry; Agricultural regionalisation; Agro-climatic zones; Agro-ecological regions. GEOGRAPHY13

Question 262

4. Industry :

Answer 262

Evolu tion of industries; Locational factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel, aluminium, fertiliser, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage and ago-based industries; Industrial houses and complexes including public sector underkings; Industrial regionalisation; New industrial policy; Multinationals and liberalisation; Special Economic Zones; Tourism including ecotourism. GEOGRAPHY14

Question 263

5. Transport, Communication and Trade :

Answer 263

Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline net works and their complementary roles in regional development; Growing importance of port<> on national and foreign trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy; E xport processing zones; Development<> in communication and information technology and their impact<> on economy and society; Indian space programme. GEOGRAPHY15

Question 264

6. Cultural Setting :

Answer 264

Historical Perspective of Indian Society; Racial lingu istic and ethnic diversities; religious minorities; Major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; Cultural regions; Growth, di~tribution and density of population; Demographic attributes: sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio, longevity; migration (interregional, in teraregional and international) and associated problems; Population problems and policies; Health indicators. GEOGRAPHY16

Question 265

7. Settlements :

Answer 265

Types, patterns and morphology of rural settlements; Urban developments; Morphology of Indian cities; Functional c1assitication of Indian cities; Conurbations and metropolitan regions; Urban sprawl; Slums and asssociated problems; Town planning; Problems of urbanisation and remedies. GEOGRAPHY 17

Question 266

8. RegionaiDevelopmentandPlanning:

Answer 266

Experience of regional planning in India; Five Year Plans; Integrated rural development programmes; Panchayati Raj and decentralised planning; Command area development; Watershed management; Planning for backward area, deser t, drought-prone, hill tribal area development; Multi-level planning; Regional planning and development of island territories. GEOGRAPHY18

Question 267

9. Political Aspects :

Answer 267

Geographical basis of Indian federalism; State reorganisation; Emergence of new states; Regional consciousness and inter- state issues; Intemational boundary of India and related issues; Cross-border terrorism; India's role in world atl'airs; Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm. GEOGRAPHY19

Question 268

10. Contemporary Issues :

Answer 268

Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes, Tsunamis, tloods and droughts, epidemics; Issues related to environmental pollution; Changes in patterns of land use; Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management; Population explosion and food security; Environmental degradation; Deforestation, desertitication and soil erosion; Problems of agrarian and industrial unrest; Regional disparities in economic development; Concept of sustainable growth and development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers; Globalisation and Indian economy. GEOGRAPHY 20

Question 269

NOTE : Candidates will he required to answer one | compulsory map question

Answer 269

pertinent to subjects covered by this paper. GEOGRAPHY 21

Question 270

1. General Geology:

Answer 270

The Solar System, meteorites, origin and interior of the earth and age of earth; Volcanoes-causes and products, Volcanic belts. Earthquakes-causes, effects, seismic of zone of India; Island arcs, trenches and mid-ocean ridges; Continental drift; Seatloor spreading, plate tectonics.lsostasy. GEOLOGY 1

Question 271

2. Geomorphology and Remote Sensing:

Answer 271

Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and soil formations; Landforms, slopes and drainage. Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation. Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology; Coastal geomorphology; Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering; hydrology and environmental studies; Geomorphology of Indian sub-continent. Aerial photographs and their interpretation-merits and limitations; The Electromagnetic spectrum. Orbiting Satellites and Sensor Systems. Indian Remote Sensing Satellites. Satellite data products; Applications of remote sensing in geology; The Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS)-its applications. GEOLOGY 2

Question 272

3. Structural Geology:

Answer 272

Principles of geologic mapping and map r eading, projection diagrams, Stress and strain ellipsoid and stressstrain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials; Strain markers in deformed rocks. Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions. Folds and faults classification and mechanics; Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joint~ and fault~, unconformities; Timerelationship between crystallization and deformation. GEOLOGY 3

Question 273

4. Paleontology :

Answer 273

Species-detinition and nomenclature; Megafossils and Microfossils. Modes of preservation of fossils; Different kinds of microfossils; Application of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies; Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae. Siwalik fauna. Gondwana t1ora and fauna and its importance; Index fossils and their significance. GEOLOGY 4

Question 274

5. Indian Stratigraphy:

Answer 274

Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, chrono-stratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships; Distribution and classification of Precambrian rocks of India; Study of stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference to fauna, tlora and economic importance. Major boundary problems-Cambrian/ Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary and Pliocene/Pleistocene; Study of climatic conditions, paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian subcontinent in the geological past. Tectonic framework of India. Evolution of the Himalayas. GEOLOGY 5

Question 275

6. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology :

Answer 275

Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water; Movement of subsurface water; Springs; Porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient, classification of aquifers; Water-bearing characteristics of rocks; Groundwater chemistry. Salt water intrusion. Types of we11s. Drainage basin morphometry; Exploration for groundwater; Groundwater recharge; Problems and management of groundwater; Rainwater harvesting; Engineering properties of rocks; Geologica] investigations for dams, tunnels highways, railway and bridges; Rock as construction material; Landslides causes, prevention and rehabilitation; Earthquake-resistant structures. GEOLOGY 6

Question 276

1. Mineralogy :

Answer 276

Class itication of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry; International system of crystallographic notation; Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry; Element<> of X-ray crystallography. Physical and chemical characters of rock forming s ilicate mineral groups; SlrUctural classiti cation of silicates; Common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks; Minerals of the carbonate, phosphate, sulphide and halide groups; Clay minerals. Optical properties of common rock forming minerals; Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction, birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals. GEOLOGY 7

Question 277

2. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology :

Answer 277

Generation and crysta11isation of magmas. Crystal1isation of albite-anorthite, diopside-anorthite and diopsidewollastonite- silica systems. Bowen's Reaction Principle; Magmatic differentiation and assimilation. Petrogenetic significance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks. Petrography and petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, basic and ultrabasic groups, chamockite, anorthosite and alkaline rocks. Carbonatites. Deccan volcanic province. Types and agents of metamorphism. Metamorphic grades and zones; Phase rule. Facies of regional and contact metamorphism; ACF and AKF diagrams; Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism of arenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks; Minerals assemblages. Retrograde metamorphism; Metasomatism and granitisation, migmatites. Granulite terrains of India. 3. Sedimenary Petrology : GEOLOGY 8

Question 278

3. Sedimenary Petrology :

Answer 278

Sedimentas and Sedimentary rocks: Processes of formation; digenesis and lithitication; Clastic and non-clastic rocks-their classitic ation, petrography and depositional environment; Sedimentary facies and provenance. Sedimentary structures and their significance. Heavy minerals and their s ignificance. Sedimentary basins of India. GEOLOGY 9

Question 279

4. Economic Geology:

Answer 279

Ore, ore mineral and gangue, tenor of ore. Classitication of ore deposits; Processes of formation of mineral deposits; Controls of ore localisation; Ore texures and s tructures; Metallogenic epochs and provinces; Geology of the important Indian deposit<> of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead, zinc, manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium and industrial minerals; Deposit<> of coal and petroleum in India, National Mineral Policy; Conservation and utilization of mineral resources. Marine mineral resources and Law of Sea. GEOLOGY10

Question 280

5. lVlining Geology:

Answer 280

Methods of prospecting- geological, geophysical, geochemical and geobotanical; Techniques of sampling. Estimation of reseTVes of ore; Methods of exploration and mining-metallic ores, indus trial minerals, marine mineral resources and building stones. Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing. GEOLOGY 11

Question 281

6. Ceo chemistry and Environmental Geology :

Answer 281

Cosmic abundance of elements. Composition of the planets and meteorites. Structure and composition of earth and distribution of elements. Trace elements. Element<> of crystal chemis try-types of chemical bonds, coordination number. Isomorphi sm and polymorphism. Elementary thermodynamics. Natural hazards-tloods, mass wasting, costal hazards, earthquakes and vol canic activ ity and mitigati on; Environmental impact of urbanization, mining, industrial and radioactive waste disposal, use of fertilizers, dumping of mine waste and tly-ash. Pollution of ground and surface water, marine pollution. Environment protection-legislative measures in lndia; Sea level changes: causes and impact. GEOLOGY12

Question 282

Ecology and its relevance to man,

Answer 282

natural resources, their sustainable management and conservation. Physical and social environment as factors of crop distribution and production. Agro ecology; cropping pattem as indicators of environmenL<>. Environmental pollution and associated hazards to crops, animals and humans. Climate change-International conventions and global initiatives. Green house effect and global warming. Advance tools for ecosystem analysisRemote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

Question 283

Cropping patterns in different agro-climatic zones of | the country.

Answer 283

Impact of high-yielding and short-duration varieties on shifts in cropping pattems. Concepts of various cropping, and farming systems. Organic and Precision fatming. Package of practices for production ofimportant cereals, pulses, oil seed<>, fibres, sugar, commercial and fodder crops.

Question 284

Important features, and scope of various types of fares | try plantations such as

Answer 284

social forestry, agro-forestry , and natural forests: Propagation of forest planL<>. Forest products. Agro-forestry and value addition. Conservation of forest Dora and fauna.

Question 285

Weeds, their characteristics,

Answer 285

dissemination and ass ociation with various crops; their multiplications; cultural, bi ological, and chemical control of weeds.

Question 286

Soil-physical, chemical and biological properties.

Answer 286

Processes and factors of soil formation. Soils of India. Mineral and organic constituents of soils and their role in maintaining soi I productivity. Essential plant nutrients and other beneficial elements in soils and plants. Principles of soil fertility, soil testing and fertiliser recommendations, integrated nutrient management B iofertilizers. Losses of nitrogen in soil, nitrogenuse efficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation in soils. Efficient phosphoruse and potassium use. Problem soils and their reclamation. Soil factors affecting green house gas emission.

Question 287

Soil conservation,

Answer 287

integrated watershed management. Soil erosion and its management. Dry land agriculture and its problems. Technology for stabilising agriculture production in rainfed areas.

Question 288

Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production,

Answer 288

criteria for scheduling irrigations, ways and means of reducing run-off losses of irrigation water. Rainwater harvesting. Drip and sptinkler irrigation. Drainage of water-logged soils, quality of irrigation water, effect of industrial efnuenL

Question 289

Farm management, scope, importance and | characteristics, farm planning.

Answer 289

Optimum resource use and budgeting. Economics of different types of farming systems. Marketing management strategies for development, market intelligence. Price fluctuations and their cost; role of cooperatives in agricultural economy; types and systems of farming and factors affecting them. Agricultural price policy. Crop Insurance.

Question 290

Agricultural extension, its importance and role,

Answer 290

methods of evaluation of extension programmes, socio-economic survey and status of big, small and marginal farmers and landless agricultural labourers; Training programmes for extension workers. Role of Krishi Yigyan Kendra's (KVK) in dissemination of Agricultural technologies. Non-Government Organisation (NGO) and self-help group approach for rural development. AGRICULTURE G & E 1

Question 291

Cell structun:. function ami cell cycle. SynLhesis, Slruclure and funcLion of gene Lic maLerial.

Answer 291

Laws of herediLy. Chrom osome sLrucLure, chromosomal aberra lions, linkage and cr oss-over, and Lheir significance in recombinaLion breeding. P olyploidy, euploid<> and ane uploid<>. MuLaLion- and their ro Ie in crop imp rovement HeriLabiliLy, sLedliLy and incompaLibiliLy, cla<>sificaLion and Lheir applicaLion in crop improvement CyLoplasmic inheriLance, sex-l inked, sex influenced and sex-limiLed characLers.

Question 292

HisLory of plam breeding. Modes of reproducLion,

Answer 292

selfing and crossing Lechniques. Origin, evoluLion and domesLicaLion of c rop planls, cenLer of origin , law of homologous series, crop geneLic resources- conservaLion and uLilizaLion. ApplicaLi on of principles of plam breeding, improvemenL of crop planls. Molecular markers and Lheir applicaLion in planL improvement Pure-line selecLion, pedigree, mass and recu rrenL selecLions, combining abil iLy, iLs significance in planL breedin g. HeLerosis and iL<> exploiLaLion. Soma Lic h ybrid izaLi on. Breeding for disease and p esL resisLance. Role of inLerspecifi c and inLergeneric hybridizalion. Role of geneLic en gineering and bioLechnology in crop improvemenLGerneLically modified crop plant<>.

Question 293

Seed producLion and processing Lechnologies.

Answer 293

Seed cerLificaLion, Seed LesLing and sLorage. DNA finger prinLing and seed regisLraLion. Role of public and privale secLOrs in seed p roducLion, and markeLing.lnLellecLual ProperLy RighLs (IPR) issues, WTO issues and iLs impacL on AgricuiLure.

Question 294

Principles of PlanL Physiology wiLh reference to

Answer 294

plam nuLriLi on, absorpLion, LranslocaLion and meLaboli sm of nutrienLs. Soil-waLer-planL relaLionship.

Question 295

Enzymes and plant pigment<>; photosynthesis- m | odem concept<> and facLOrs affecling Lhe process,

Answer 295

aerobic and anaerobic respiralion; C3, C4 and CAM mechanisms. Carb ohydraLe, proLein and faL meLabolism. Growlh and develop menL; phoLOperiodism and vemalizaLion. PlanL growlh subs Lances and their role in crop producLion. Physiology of seed developmen L and germinaLion; dormancy. SLress physiology-draughL, saiL and waLer stress.

Question 296

Major fruits, plantation crops, vegeLables, spices and Dower crops.

Answer 296

Package pracLices of major horLiculLural crops.Pr oLecLed cuiLi vaLion and high Lech horLiculLure.PosL-harvesL Lechnology and val ue addiLion of fruiLs and vegeLables. Land<>caping and commercial Ooricullure. Medicinal and ar omaLic plant<>. Role of fruils and vegeLables in human nutr ili on.

Question 297

Diagnosis of pesL<> and diseases of field c rops,

Answer 297

vegeLables, orchard and planLaLion crops and Lheir economic imporLance. Classificalion of pest<> and diseases and their management lnLergraLed pesL and diseases management SLorage pest<> and their management Biological conLrol of pest<> and disea<>es. Epidemiology and forecasLing of major crop pesL<> and diseases. PlanL quaranline measures. PesLicides, Lheir formulaLion and modes of acLion.

Question 298

Food production and consumption trends in India. Food securily and growing populaLion- vision 2020.

Answer 298

Reasons for grain sur plus. N alional and lnLemaLional food policies. ProducLion, procuremenL, disuaibuLion consLrainL<>. AvailabiliLy of fo odguaains, per capiLa expendilure on food. Trends in poverLy, Public DisLribuLion SysLem and Below PoverLy Line populaLi on, TargeLed Public DisuaibuLion SysLem (PDS), policy implemenLa Lion in conLexL Lo globa li zaLion. Processing consLraint<>. Re laLion of food produc Lion Lo NaLional DieLary Guidelines and food consumplion paLLem. Food ba..ed dieLary approaches Lo eliminaLe hunger. Nuui enLdeficiency- Micro nuLrienL deficiency : ProLein Energy MalnuuaiLion or ProLein Calorie MalnuuaiLion (PEM or PCM), Micro nuuaienL deficiency and HRD in conLexL of work capaciLy of women and children. Food grain producLiviLy and food securiLy. AGRICULTURE G & E 2

Question 299

I. Animal Nutrition:Partitioning of food energy within the animal,

Answer 299

1.1 Partitioning of food energy within the animal. Direct and indirect calorimetry. Carbon-nitrogen balance and comparative slaughter methods. Systems for expressing energy value of foods in ruminants, pigs and poullry. Energy requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool, and meaL production. 1.2 Latest advances in protein nutrition. Energy proLe in inLer-relaLionships. Evaluation ofproLein quality. Use of NPN compounds in ruminant diets. Protein requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lacLaLion, egg, wool and meaL production. 1.3 Major and trace minerals- Their sources, physiological functions and deficiency symptoms. Toxic minerals. Mineral interactions. Role of faLsoluble and water-soluble vitamins in the body, their sources and deficiency symptoms. 1.4 Feed additives-methane inhibitors, probiotics, enzymes, antibiotics, hormones, oligosaccharides, antioxidants, emulsifiers, mould inhibitors, buffers etc. Use and abuse of growth promoters like harmones and antibioLics-laLesL concepts. 1.5 Conservation of fodders. Storage of feed<> and feed ingredienL<>. Recent advances in feed Lechnology and feed processing. Anti-nutritional and toxic fac tors present in livestock feeds. Feed analysis and quality control. Digestibility trials-direct, indirect and indicator methods. Predicting feed intake in grazing animals. 1.6 Advances in ruminant nutrition. Nutrient requiremenL<>. Balanced rations. Feeding of calves, pregnant, work animals and breeding bulls. StraLegies for feeding milch animals during different stages of lacLation cycle. Effect of feeding on milk composition. Feeding of goats for meal and milk production. Feeding of sheep for meal and wool production. 1.7 Swine Nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Creep, starter, grower and finisher rations. Feeding of pigs for lean meal production. Low cost rations for swine. 1.8 Poultry nutrition. Special features of poultry nutrition. N utrienl requirements for meal and egg production. Formulation of rations for different classes oflayers and broilers. ANIMAL HUSBANDARY & VETERINARY SCIENCE

Question 300

2.Animal Physiology : Physiology of blood and iLs circulation, respiration; excreLion

Answer 300

2.1 Physiology of blood and iLs circulation, respiration; excreLion. Endocrine glands in heallh and disease. 2.2 Blood consliluenls.-Properties and funclions-blood cell formaLion-Haemoglobin synLhesis and chemisLry-plasma pro Leins produclion, classification and properties, coagulation ofblood; Haemorrhagic disorders-anli -coagulanls-blood groups-Blood volume-Plasma expanders-Buffer sysLems in blood. Biochemical Lesls and Lheir significance in disease diagnosis. 2.3 CirculaLion.-Physiology of hearl, cardiac cycle, hearl sounds, hearl beal, eleclrocardiograms. Work and efficiency of hearL-effecL of ions on hearl funcLion-meLabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous and chemical regulation of hearl, effecl of Lemperalure and slress on hearL, blood pressuer and hyperlension, osmoLic regulaLion, arLerial pulse, va.:;omolor regulation of circulation, shock. Coronary and pulmonary circulaLion, Blood-Brain barrier Cerebrospinal fluid-circulation in bird.:;. 2.4 Respiration.-Mechanism ofrespiraLion, Transporl and exchange of gases-neural conlrol of respiraLionChemo- recepLors-hypoxia-respiraLion in birds. 2.5 Excretion.-Slruclure and funcLion of kidneyformaLion of urine-melhods of sludying renal funclion-renal regulaLion of acid-base balance : physiological consLiLuenls of urine-renal failurepassive venous congesLion-Urinary secrelion in chicken-Sweal glands and Lheir funcLion. Biochemical Lesl for urinary dysfunction. 2.6 Endocrine glands.-Functional disorders-their symploms and diagnosis. SynLhesis of hormones, mechanism and conlrol of secretion-hormonal receplors-classificaLion and funclion. 2.7 Growlh and Animal Production.-PrenaLal and posLnaLal growlh, maluraLion, growlh curves, measures of growlh, faclors affecling growlh, conformaLion, body composition, meal qualiLy. 2.8 Physiology of Milk Produclion, Reproduclion and DigesLion.-CurrenL slalus of hormonal conlrol of mammary developmenl, milk secreLion and milk ejection. Male and Female reproductive organs, Lheir componenls and funcLions. DigesLive organs and Lheir functions. 2.9EnvironmenLal Physiology.-Physiological relaLions and Lheir regulation; mechanisms of adaplalion, environmenLal faclors and regulaLory mechanisms involved in animal behaviour, climalology-various paramelers and Lheir imparLance. Animal ecology. Physiology of behaviour. Effecl of slress on heallh and producLion. ANIMAL HUSBANDARY & VETERINARY SCIENCE 2

Question 301

1 .Anatomy, Pharmacology and Hygiene: Histology and Histological Techniques

Answer 301

1.1 Histology and Histological Techniques : Paraffin embedding technique of tissue processing and H.E. sLaining-Freezing microtomy-Microscopy Bright field microscope and electron microscope. Cytologystructure of cell organells and inclusions; cell division-cell types-Tissues and their classificationembryonic and adult tissues-Comparative histology of organs-Vascular, Nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculo-skeletal and urogenital systems-Endocrine glands-lute guments-sense organs. 1.2 Embryology.-Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic mammals gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers-foetal membranes and placentation-types of placenta in domestic mammals-Teratology-twins and twinningorganogenesis- germ layer deri vatives-endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal derivatives. 1.3 Bovine Anatomy.-Regional Anatomy : Paranasal sinuses of OX-surface anatomy of salivary gland<>. Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandibuloalveolar, mental and cmannal nerve block. Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudental nerve, median, ulnar and radial nervestibial, fibular and digital nerves-Cranial nerves-structures involved in epidural anaesthesia-superficial lymph nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic, abdominal and pel vic cavities-comparative-features of locomotor apparatus and their application in the biomechanics of mammalian body. 1.4 Anatomy of FowL-Musculo-skeletal systemfunctional anatomy in relation to respiration and flying, digestion and egg production. 1.5 Pharmacology and therapeutics drugs.---Cellular level of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Drugs acting on fluid<> and electrolyte balance. Drugs acting on Autonomic nervous system. Modern concepts of anaesthesia and dissociative anaesthetics. Autocoids. Antimicrobials and principles of chemotherapy in microbial infections. Use ofhormones in therapeutics-chemotherapy of parasitic infections. Drug and economic concems in the Edible tissues of animals-chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases. Toxicity due to "insecticides, plants, metals, non-metals, zootoxins and mycotoxins". 1.6 Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation.-Assessment of pollution of water, air and soil-Importance of climate in animal healtheffect of environment on animal function and performance relationship between industrialisation and animal agticulture-animal housing requiremenL<> for specific categories of domestic animals viz. pregnant cows and sows, milking cows, broiler birds-stress, strain and productivity in relation to animal habitation. ANIMAL HUSBANDARY & VETERINARY SCIENCE 3

Question 302

2. Animal Diseases :

Answer 302

2.1 Etiology, epidemiology pathogenesis, symptoms, post-moretem lesions, diagnosis, and control of infectious diseases of caule, sheep and goat, horses, pigs and poultry. 2.2 Etiology, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle, horse, pig and poultry. 2.3 Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds. 2.4 Diagnosis and treatment of non-specific conditions like impaction, Bloat, Diarrhoea, Indigestion, dehydration, stroke, poisioning. 2.5 Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. 2.6 Principles and methods ofimmunisation of animals against specific diseases-hard immunitydisease free zones-'zero' disease concept- chem oprophylaxis. 2.7 Anaesthesia.-local, regional and general-p renesthetic medication. Symptoms and surgical interference in fractures and dislocation. Hemia, choking abomassal displacement-Caesarian operations. Rumenotomy--Castrations. 2.8 Disease investigation techniques.-Materials for laboratory investigation-Establishment. Animal Health Centres-Disease free zone. ANIMAL HUSBANDARY & VETERINARY SCIENCE 4

Question 303

3 Veterinary Public Health :

Answer 303

3.1 Zoonoses.-Classification, definition, role of animals and birds in prevalence and transmission of zoonotic diseases-occupational zoonotic diseases. 3.2 Epidemiology.-Principle, definition of ep idemiologicalterms, application of epidemiological measures in the study of diseases and disease control. Epidemiological features of air, water and food borne infections. OlE regulation, WTO, sanitary and phytosanitary measures. 3.3 Veterinary Jurisprudence.-Rules and Regulations for improvement of animal quality and prevention of animal diseases-State and Central Rules for prevention of animal and animal product borne diseases-S.P. C.A.-Yelerolegal casesCertificates- Materials and Methods of collection of samples for veterolegal investigation. ANIMAL HUSBANDARY & VETERINARY SCIENCE 5

Question 304

4 Mlk and Mlk Products Technology :

Answer 304

4.1 Market Milk.-Quality, testing and grading of raw milk. Processing, packaging, storing, distribution, marketing defects and their control. Preparation of the following milks: Pasteurized, standardized, toned, double toned, sterilized, homogenized, reconstituted, recombined and flavoured milks. Preparation of cultured milks, cultures and their management, yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand. Preparation of flavoured and sterilized milks. Legal standards. Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for the milk plant equipment. 4.2 Milk Products Technology.-Selection of raw materials , processing, storing, di stributing and marketing milk products such as Cream, Butter, Ghee, Khoa, Channa, Cheese, condensed, evaporated, dried milk and baby food, Ice cream and Kulfi; by-producL

Question 305

5. MatHygieneand Technology:

Answer 305

5.1 MatHygiene 5.1.1 Ante mortem care and management of food animals, stunning, slaughter and dressing operations; abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection procedures and judgement of carcass meat cutsgrading of carcass meal cuts--duties and functions of Veterinarians in wholesome meal production. 5.1.2 Hygienic methods ofhandling production ofmeat.Spoilage of meal and control measures-Postslaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factors that influence them--Quality improvement methods-Adulteration of meal and detectionRegulatory provisions in MeaLLrade and Industry. 5.2 Mat Technology 5.2.1 Physical and chemical characteristics ofmeat.Meat emulsions-Methods of preservation of meaL---Cudng, canning, itmdiation, packaging of meat and meal producL

Question 306

l.AdvancedlVIicroEconomics:

Answer 306

(a) Marshallian and Varrasiam Approaches to Price determination. (b) Alternative Distribution Theories; Ricardo, Kaldor, Kaleeki. (c) Markets Structure : Monopolistic Competition, Duopoly, Oligopoly. (d) Modem Welfare Criteria :Pareto Hicks and Scitovsky, Arrow's Impossibility Theorem, A. K. Sen's Social Welfare Function. ECONOMY 1

Question 307

2. AdvancelVIacroEconomics:

Answer 307

Approaches to Employment Income and Interest Rate determination : Classical, Keynes (IS)-LM) curve, Neo-classical synthesis and New classical, Theories of Interest Rate determination and Interest Rate Structure. ECONOMY 2

Question 308

3. Money-Banking and Finance:

Answer 308

(a) Demand for and Supply of Money : Money Multiplier Quantity Theory of Money (Fi sher, Pique and Fr iedman) and Keyne's Theory on Demand for Money, Goals and Ins truments of Monetary Management in Closed and Open Economies. Relation between the Central Bank and the Treasury. Proposal for ceiling on growth rate of money. (b) Public Finance and its Role in market Economy : In stabilisation of supply, allocative, of resources and in distribution and development. Sources of Govemmentrevenue, forms ofTaxes and Subsidies, their incidence and effects. Limits to taxation, loans, crowding-out effects and limits to borrowings. Public expenditure and its effects. ECONOMY 3

Question 309

4. International Economics:

Answer 309

(a) Old and New theories of International Trade. (i) Comparative advantage, (ii) Terms of Trade and Offer Curve. (iii) Product Cycle and Strategic Trade Theories. (iv) Trade as an engine of growth and theories of underdevelopment in an open economy. (b) Forms of Protection : Tariff and quota. (c) Balance of Payments Adjustment : Alternative Approaches. (i) Price versus income, income adjustments under tixed exchange rates. (ii) Theories of Policy Mix. (iii) Exchange rate adjustments under capital mobility. (iv) Floating Rates and their Implications for Developing Countries : Currency Boards. (v) Trade Policy and Developing Countries. (vi) BOP, adjustments and Policy Coordination in open economy macromodel. (vii) Speculative attacks. (viii) Trade Blocks and Monetary Unions. (ix) WTO : TRIMS, TRIPS, Domestic Measures, Different Rounds ofWTO talks. ECONOMY 4

Question 310

5. Growth and Development:

Answer 310

(a) (i) Theories of growth : Harrod's mode]; (ii) Lewis mode] of development with surplus labour. (iii) Balanced Unbalanced Growth. (iv) Human Capitals and Economic Growth. (v) Research and Development and Economic Growth. (b) Process of Economic Development of Jess developed courtries : Myrda] and Kuzments on economic development and structural change: Role of Agriculture in Economic Development of1ess developed countries. (c) Economic Development and International Trade and Investment, Role of Multinationals. (d) Planning and Economic Development : changing ro]e of Markets and Planning, Private-Pu b1i c Partners hip. (e) Welfare indicators and measures of growth-Human Development Indices. The basic needs approach. (f) Development and Environmental Sustainabi1ityRenewab1e and Non-renewable Resources, Environmental Degradation, Intergenerationa] equity development. ECONOMY 5

Question 311

6. Indian Economics in Post-Independence Era :

Answer 311

Land System and its changes, Commercialization of agriculture Drain theory, Laissez faire theory and critique. Manufacture and Transport: Jute, Cotton, Railways, Money and Credit. ECONOMY 6

Question 312

7. Indian Economy after Independence:

Answer 312

A. The Pre-Liberalization Era: (i) Contribution of Vakil, Gadgil and V.K.R.V. Rao. (ii) Agricultrure : Land Reforms and land tenure system, Green Revolution and capital formation in agriculture. (iii) Industry Trends in composition and growth, Role of public and private sector, small scale and cottage industries. (iv) National and Per capita income : Patterns, trends, aggregate and sectoral composition and changes therein. (v) Broad factors determining National Income and distribution, Measures of poverty, Trends in poverty and inequality. ECONOMY 7

Question 313

B. The Post-Liberalization Era:

Answer 313

(i) New Economic Reform and Agriculture : Agriculture and WTO, Food processing, subsidies, Agricultural prices and public distribution system, Impact of public expenditure on agricultural growth. (ii) New Economic Policy and Industry : Strategy of industrialization, Privatization, Di sinvestment~, Role of foreign direct investment and multinationals. (iii) New Economic Policy and Trade : Intellectual property rights: Implications ofTRIPS, TRIMS, GATS and new EXIM policy. (iv) New Exchange Rate Regime : Partial and full convertibility, Capital account convertibility. (v) New Economic Policy and Public Finance : Fiscal Responsibility Act, Twelfth Finance Commission and Fiscal Federalism and Fiscal Consolidation. (vi) New Economic Policy and Monetary System. Role of RBI under the new regime. (vii) Planning : From central Planning to indicative planning, Relation between planning and market~ for growth and decentralized planning : 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments. (viii) New Economic Policy and Employment : Employment and poverty, Rural wages, Employment Generation, Poverty alleviation schemes, New Rural, Employment Guarantee Scheme. ECONOMY 8

Question 314

Accounting and Finance Accounting, Taxation &Auditing 1. Financing Accounting:

Answer 314

Accounting as a financial information system; Impact of behavioural sciences. Accounting Standards e.g., Accounting for Depreciation, Inventories, Research and Development Costs, Long-term Construction Contracts, Revenue Recognition, Fixed Assets, Contingencies, Foreign Exchange Transactions, InvestmenL'\ and Government Grants, Cash Flow Statement, Eamings per Share. Accounting for Share Capital Transactions including Bonus Shares, Right Shares. Emplyees Stock Option and Buy-Back of Securities. Preparation and Presentation of Company Final Accounts. Amalgamations, Absorption and Reconstruction of Companies. COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 1

Question 315

2. Cost Accounting:

Answer 315

Nature and functions of cost accounting. Installation of Cost Accounting System. Cost Concepts related to Income Measurement, Profit Planning, Cost Control and Decision Making. Methods of Costing: Job Costing, Process Costing, Activity Based Costing. Volume-cost-Profit Relationship as a tool of Profit Planning. Incremental Analysis/Differential Costing as a Tool of Pricing Decisions, Product Decisions, Make or Buy Decisions, Shut-Down Decisions etc. Techniques of Cost Control and Cost Reduction : Budgeting as a Tool of Planning and Control. Standard Costing and Variance Analysis. Responsibility Accounting and Divisional Performance Measurement. COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 2

Question 316

3. Taxation:

Answer 316

Income Tax: Definitions. Basis of charge; Incomes which do not form part of total income. Simple problems of Computation of Income ( ofindi viduals only) under various heads, i.e., Salaries, Income from House Properly, Profits and Gains from Business or Profession, Capital Gains, Income from other sources, Income of other Persons included in Assessee's Total Income. Set-off and Carry forward of Loss. Deductions from Gross Total Income. Salient Features/Provisions Related to YAI and Services Tax. COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 3

Question 317

4. Auditing:

Answer 317

Company AudiL: AudiL relaLed Lo Divisible ProfiL<>, Di vidends, Special invest.igat.ions, Tax audit AudiL of Banking, In surance , Non-ProfiL OrganiL.aLion and ChariLable SocieLies!Iru sL<>I OrganiLat.ions. COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 4

Question 318

Financial Management, Financial Institutions | and Markets

Answer 318

1. Financial Management: Finance Function : Nature, Scope and Objectives of Financial Management: Risk and Return Relationship. Tools of Financial Analysis: Ratio Analysis, Funds-Flow and Cash-Flow Stalemenl. Capital Budgeting Decisions: Process, Procedures and Appraisal Melhods. Risk and Uncertainty Anlysis and Melhods. Cost of Capital : Concept, CompuLaLion of Specific CosL<> and WeighLed Average Cost of Capital. CAPM as a Tool of Determining Cost of Equity Ca pita!. Financing Decisions: Theories of Capital Structure-Net Income (NI) Approach. Net Operating Income (NOI) Approach, MM Approach and Traditional Approach. Designing of Capital structure: Types of Leverages (Operating, Financial and Combined), EBIT-EPS Analysis, and other Factors. Dividend Decisions and Valuation of Firm Walter's Model, MM Thesis, Gordan's Model LinLner's Model. Factors Affecting Dividend Policy. Working CapiLal Management Planning of Working CapiLal. Determinants of Working CapiLal. Components of Working CapiLal- Cash, Inventory and Receivables. Corporate Restructuring with focus on Mergers and Acquisitions (Financial aspect only). COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 5

Question 319

2. Financial Markets and Institutions :

Answer 319

Indian Financial System: An Overview Money Markets: ParticipanL<>, Structure and Ins trumenL<>. Commercial Banks. Reforms in Banking Sector. Monetary and Credit Policy of RBI. RBI as a Regulator. Capital Market : Primary and Secondary Market. Financial MarkeL InsLrumenL'\ and Innovative Debt Instruments; SEBI as a Regulator. Financial Services : Mutual Funds, Venture Capital, Credit Rating Agencies, Insurance and IRDA. COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 6

Question 320

Organisation Theory and Behaviours, Human Res ource Management and Industrial Relations Organisation Theory and Behaviour

Answer 320

1. Organisation Theory : Nature and ConcepL of Organisation; ExLernal EnvironmenL of OrganisaLion- Technological, Social, PoliLical , Ecomomical and Legal; OrganizaLional Goals Primary and Secondary Goals, Single and MulLiple Goals; Managemem by ObjecLives. Evol ution of Organisation Lheory : Classical Neoclassical and sysLem approach. Modern Concepls of OrganisaLion Theory : OrganisaLional Design, Organisational SLrucLUre and Organisational Cullure. OrganisaLional Design-Basic Challenges; DifferenLiaLion and InLerg raLion Process; Cemralizalion and DecenLralizaLion Process; SLandardizaLion/FormalizaLion and MuLu al AdjusLmenL. CoordinaLing Formal and Informal OrganizaLions. MechanisLic and Organic SLrucLures. Designing OrganizaLional sLrucLures- AuLhoriLy and ConLrol; Line and SLaff F uncLi on s, SpecializaLion and CoordinaLion. Types of Organization SLrucLure- FuncLional. Mauaix SLrucLure, ProjecL Suauclure. NaLure and Basis of Power, Sources of Power, Power SLrucLure and PoliLics. ImpacL of Information Technology on OrganizaLional Design and SLrucLure. Managing OrganizaLional CulLure. COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 7 2. Organisation Behaviour: Meaning and Concept; Individual in organiLalion: Personality, Theories, and DeterminanL<>; Perecep Lion Meaning and Process. Motivation : Concepts, Theories and Applica- Li ons. Leadership--Theories and Styles. Qua lily of Work Life (QWL): Meaning and iL<> imp act on Performance, Ways of its Enhancement. Quality Circles (QC)-Meaning and their Imp orlance. Management of Conflicts in OrganiLali ons. Trans- acLional Analysis, OrganiLalional Effectiveness, Management of Change. COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 8

Question 321

Human Resources Management and Industria | I Relations

Answer 321

1. Human Resources Management (HRM): Meaning Nature and Scope of HRM, Human Resource Planning, Job Ana lys is, Job Descripli on, Job Specification, RecruitmenL Process, Selection Process, Orientational and Placement, Training and Development Process, Performance Appraisal and360! FeedBack, Salary and Wage Admini stration, Job Evaluation, Employee Welfare, Promotions, Transfers and Separalions. COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 9

Question 322

2. Industrial Relations (IR):

Answer 322

Meaning, NaLUre, Importance and Scope of lR, FormaLion of Trade Union, Trade Union LegislaLion , Trade Union MovemenL in India. RecogniLion of Trade Unions, Problems of Trade Unions in India. ImpacL of Liberalization on Trade Union Movement NaLure of Industrial DispuLes: SLrikes and Lock ouLs, Causes of DispuLes, Prevention and SeLL lemenL of DispuLes. Worker's ParLicipation in ManagemenL: Philosophy, Rationale, Presenl Day SLaLus and Fulure ProspecLs. Adjudication and CollecLive Bargaining. Indusuaial RelaLions in Public EnLerprises AbsenLeeism and Labour Turnover in Indian IndusLries and Lheir Causes and Remedies. lLO and iLs FuncLions. COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 10

Question 323

1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology :

Answer 323

1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology : Structure and reproduction/multiplication of viruses,viroids, bacteria, fungi and mycoplasma; Applications of microbiology in agticulture, industry, medicine and in control of soil and water pollution; Prion and Prion hypothesis. Important crop diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and nematodes; Modes of infection and dissemination; Molecular basis of infection and disease resistance/defence; Physiology of parasitism and control measures. Fungal toxins. Modelling and disease forecasting; Plant quarantine. BOTANY 1

Question 324

2. Cryptogams:

Answer 324

2. Cryptogams: Algae , fungi, lichens, bryophyLes, pleridophyLessLrucLure and reproduction from evol uLionary viewpoint; Distribution of Cryptogams in India and their ecological and economic importance. BOTANY 2

Question 325

3. Phanerogams:

Answer 325

3. Phanerogams: Gymnosperms : Concept of Progymnosperms. Classification and distribution of gymnosperms. Sa lient features of Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Conifera les and Gnetales, their structure and reproduction. General account ofCycadofilicales, Bennettitales and Cordiaitailes; Geological time scale; Type of fossils and their study techniques. Angiosperms : Systematics, anatomy, embryo logy,palynology and phylogency. Taxonomic hierarchy; Intemational Code of Botanical Nomenclature; Numerical taxomomy and chemotaxomomy; Evidence from anatomy, embryology and palynology. Origin and evolution of angiosperms; Comparative account of various systems of classification of angiosperms; Study of angiospermic familiesMangnoliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Apiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Verbenaceae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae, Liliaceae, Musaceae and Orchidaceae. Stomata and their types; Glandular and non-g landular trichomes; Unusual secondary growth; Anatomy of c, and C4 plants; Xylem and phloem differentiation; Wood anatomy. Development of male and female gametophytes, pollination, fertilization; Endosperm-its develop ment and function. Pattems of embryo development; Polyembroyony, apomixes; Applications of palynology; Experimental embryology including pollen storage and test-tube fertilization. 4. Plant Resource Development: Domestication and introduction of plants; Origin of cultivated plants, Vavilov's centres of origin. Plants as sources for food, fodder, fibres, spices, beverages, edible oils, drugs, narcotics, insecticides, timber, gums, resins and dyes; latex, cellulose, starch and iL<> products; Perfumery; Importance ofEthnobotany in Indian context; Energy plantations; Botanical Gardens and Herbaria. 5. Morphogenesis: Totipotency, polarity, symmetry and differentiation; Cell, tissue, organ and protoplast culture. Somatic hybrids and Cybtids; Micropropagation; Somaclonal variation and its applications; Pollen haploids, embryo rescue methods and their applications. BOTANY 3

Question 326

1. Cell Biology :

Answer 326

1. Cell Biology : Techniques of cell bioi ogy. Prokaryotic and eukaryolic cells-structural and ultrastructural details; Structure and function of extracellular matrix (cell wall) and membranes-cell adhesion, membrane transport and vesicular transport; Structure and function of cell organelles (chloroplasts, mitochondria, ER, dictyosomes ribosomes, endosomes,lysosomes, peroxisomes; Cytoskelaton and microtubules; Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear pore complex; Chromatin and nucleosome; Cell signalling and cell receptors; Signal transduction Mitosis and meiosis; molecular basis of cell cycle. Numerical and structural variations in chromosomes and their significance; Chromatin organization and packaging of genome; Polytene chromosomes; Lchromosomes- structure, behaviour and significance. BOTANY 4

Question 327

2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution:

Answer 327

2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution: Development of genetics, and gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles); Quantitative genetics and multiple factors; Incomplete dominance, polygenic inheritance, multiple alleles; Linkage and crossing over of gene mapping including molecular maps (idea of mapping, function); Sex chromosomes and sexlinked inheritance; sex determination and molecular basis of sex differentiation; Mutations (biochemical and molecular basis); Cytoplasmic inheritance and cytoplasmic genes (including genetics of male sterility). Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins; Genetic code and regulation of gene expression; Gene silencing; Multigene families; Organic evolution-evidences, mechanism and theories. Role of RNA in origin and evolution. BOTANY 5

Question 328

3. Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics:

Answer 328

3. Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics: Methods of plant breeding-introduction, selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass selection, bulk method); Mutation, polyploidy, male sterility and heterosis breeding. Use of apomixes in plant breeding; DNA sequencing; Genetic engineering-methods of transfer of genes; Transgenic crops and biosafety aspects; Development and use of molecular markers in plant breeding; Tools and techniques-probe, southem blouing, DNA fingerprinting, PCR and FISH. Standard deviation andcoefficientofvatiation (CV). TesL-> of significance (Z-test, t-test and chi-square tesL-> ). Probability and distributions (nmmal, binomial and Poisson). Correlation and regression. BOTANY 6

Question 329

4. Physiology and Biochemistry:

Answer 329

4. Physiology and Biochemistry: Water relations, mineral nutrition and ion transport, mineral deficiencies. Photosynthesis-photochemical reactions, photophosphorylation and carbon fixation pathways; c,, C4 and CAM pathways; Mechanism of pholem transport, Respiration (anerobic and aerobic, including fermenLation)-electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation; PhoLorespiraLion; ChemiosmoLic theory and ATP synthesis; Lipid metabolism; Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen metabolism. Enzymes, coenzymes; Energy transfer and energy conservation. Importance of secondary metabolites. PigmenL'\ as photoreceptors (plastidial pigments and phytochrome). Plant movements; Photoperiodism and flowering, vemalization, senescence; Growth substances-their chemical nature, role and applications in agrihorticulLure; growth indices, growth movements. Stress physiology (heal, water, salinity, metal); Fruit and seed physiology. Dormancy, storage and germination of seed. Fruit ripening-its molecular basis and manipulation. BOTANY 7

Question 330

5. Ecology and Plant Geography:

Answer 330

5. Ecology and Plant Geography: Concept of ecosystem; Ecological factors. ConcepL<> and dynamics of community; Plant succession. Concepts of biosphere; Ecosystems; Conservation; Pollution and its control (including phytoremediation); Plant indicators; Environment (Proteclion) Acl. Forest types of India-'Ecological and ecomomic importance of forests, afforestation, deforestalion and social forestry; Endangered plants, endemism IUCN categories, Red Data Books; Biodiversity and its conservation; Protected Area Network; Convenlion of Biological Diversity, Farmers' RighL<>; and Intellectual ProperLy Rights; Concept of Sustainable Development; Biogeochemical cycles. Global warming and climatic change; Invasive species; En vi ron metal Impact Assessment; Phytogeographical regions of India. BOTANY 8

Question 331

1. Non-chordata and Chordata:

Answer 331

1. Non-chordata and Chordata: (a) Classification and relationship of various phyla up to subclasses: Acoelomate and Coelomate. Protust omes and Deuterostmnes. Bilateria and Radiata; Status of Proti1.ta. Parazoa. On ychophora and Hemichordata; Symmetry. (b) Protozoa: Locomotion. nutrition. reproduction. sex; General features and life hi1.tory of J>aramaecium, Monocystis. Plasmodium and Leishmania. (c) Porifera: Skeleton. canal system and reproduction. (d) Cnidaria: Polymorphism. defensive structures and their mechanism; coral reefs and their formation; metagenesis; general features and life history of Obelia and i\ ure lia. (e) Platyhelminthes: Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history of Fasciola and Taenia and their-Pathogenic symptoms. (f) Nemathelminthes: General features. life history. parasitic adaptation of Ascaris and Wuchereria. (g) Annelida: Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes; general features and life history of Nereis. earthworm and leach. (h) Arthropoda: Larval forms and parasiti sm in Crustacea; vision and respiration in arth ropods (Prawn. cockroach and scorpion); modification. of mouth. parts in inse ct~ (cockroach. mosquito. house fl y. honey bee and butterfly). metapmor phosis in insect and its hormonal regulation. sodalbehaviour ofApis and termites. (i) Molluscs: Feeding. respiration. locomotion. general features and life history of Lamellidens. Pila and Sepia. Torsion and detorsion in gastropods. (j) Echinodermata: Feeding. respiration. locomotion. larval forms. general features and life history of i\s!erias. (k) Protochordata: Origin of chordates; general featu res and life history of Branchiostoma and Herdmania. (1) Pisces: Respiration. locomotion and migration. (m) Amphibia: Origin of tetrapods. parental care. paedomorphosis. (n) Reptil ia; Origin of reptiles. skull types. status of .\/Jhenodon and crocodiles. (o) Aves: Origin of birds. flight adaptation. migration. (p) Mammalia: Origin of mammals. dentition. general features of egg laying mammals. pouchedmammals. aquatic mammals and primates. endocrine glands (pituitary. thyroid. parathyroid. adrenal. pancreas. gonads) and their interrelationships. (q) Comparative functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates. (in tegument and its deri vatives. endoskeleton. locomotory organs. di gestive system .. respiratory system. d rculatory syst em in cludi ng h eart and aortic arches. urinogenital system. brain and sense organs (eye and ear). ZOOLOGY 1

Question 332

2.Ecology :

Answer 332

2.Ecology : (a) Biosphere: concept of biosphere; biomes. Bi ogeochemical cycles. Human induced changes in atmos phere including green hou se effect. ecological s uccession. biomes and ecotones. community ecology. (b) Concept of ecosystem; structure and function of ecosystem. types of ecosystem. ecological succession. ecological adaptation. (c) Population; characteristics. population dynamics. population stabilization. (d) Biodiversity and diversity conservation of natural resources. (e) Wildlife of India. (f) Remote sensing for sustainable development. (g) Environmental biodegradation; pollution and its impact on biosphere and it~ prevention. ZOOLOGY 2

Question 333

3.Ethology:

Answer 333

3.Ethology: (a) Behaviour: Sensory filtering. responsiveness. sign stimuli. learning. and memory. instinct. habituation. conditioning. imprinting. (b) Role of hormones in drive; role of pheromones in alarm spreading; crypsis. predator detection. predatortaL1ics. social hierarchies in primates. social organization in insects; (c) Orientation. navigation. homing; biological rhythms :biological dock. tidaL seasonal and circadian rhythms. (d) Methods of studying animal behaviour including sexual conflict. selfishness. kinship and altruism. ZOOLOGY 3

Question 334

4. Economic Zoology :

Answer 334

4. Economic Zoology : (a) Apiculture. sericulture.lac culture. carp culture. pearl culture. prawn culture. vermiculture. (b) Major infectious and communicable diseases (malaria. filaria. tuberculosis. cholera and AIDS) their vectors. pathogens and prevention. (c) Cattle and livestock diseases. their pathogen (helminths) and vectors (ticks. mites. Tabanus. Stomoxys). (d) Pest~ of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpusiella). oil seed (i\chaeajanata) and rice ( Sitophilus ory::.ae). (e) Transgenic animals. (f) Medical biotechnology. human genetic disease and genetic counselling. gene therapy. (g) Forensic biotechnology. ZOOLOGY 4

Question 335

5. Biostatistics :

Answer 335

5. Biostatistics : Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation. regression. distribution and measure of central tendency. chi square. student-test. F-test (one-way & two-way F-test). ZOOLOGY 5

Question 336

6. lnstrwnentation methods:

Answer 336

6. lnstrwnentation methods: (a) Spectrophotometer. phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy. radioactive tracer. ultra centrifuge. gel . elettrophoresis. PCR. ELISA. FISH and chromosome painting. (b) Electron microscopy (TEM. SEM). ZOOLOGY 6

Question 337

1. Cell Biology :

Answer 337

1. Cell Biology : (a) Structure and function of cell and its organelles (nucleus. plasma membrane. mitochondria. Golgi bodies. endoplasmic reticulum. ribosomes and lysosomes). cell division (mitosis and meiosis). mitotic spindle and mitotic apparatus. chromosome movement chromosome type ploytene and lam brush. organization of chromatin. heterochromatin. Cell cycle regulation. (b) Nucleic acid topology. DNA motif. DNA replication. transcription. RNA processing. translation. protein foldings and transport. ZOOLOGY 7

Question 338

2. Genetics :

Answer 338

2. Genetics : (a) Modern concept of gene, split gene, genetic regulation, genetic, code. (b) Sex chromosomes and their evolution, sex determination in Drosophila and man. (c) Mendel's laws of inheritance, recombination, linkage, multiple alleles, genetics of blood groups, pedigree analysis, hereditary diseases in man. (d) Mutations and mutagenesis. (e) Recombinant DNA technology, plasmid. cosmid, artificial chromosomes as vedors, transgenics. DNA cloning and whole animal cloning (principles and methods). (f) Gene regulation and expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (g) Signal molecules, cell death. defects in signaling pathway and consequences. (h) RFLP, RAPD and AFLF and application of RFLP in DNA finger~printing, ribozyme technologies, human genome pn~ject. genomics and protomics. ZOOLOGY 8

Question 339

3.Evolution:

Answer 339

3.Evolution: (a) Theories of origin oflife. (b) Theories of evolution; Natural selection. role of mutation in evolution. evolutionary patterns. molecular drive. mimicry. variation. isolation and speciation. (c) Evolution of horse. elephant and man using fossil data. (d) Hardy-Weinberg Law. (e) Continental drift and distribution of animals. ZOOLOGY 9

Question 340

4. Systematics:

Answer 340

4. Systematics: Zoological nomenclature. international code. cladi stics. molecular taxonomy and biodiversity. ZOOLOGY10

Question 341

5. Biochemistry :

Answer 341

5. Biochemistry : (a) Structure and role of carbohydrates. fats. fatty acids. cholesteroL proteins and amino-acids. nucleic acids. Bioenergetics. (b) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle. oxidation and reduction. oxidative phosphorylation; energy conservation and release. ATP. cycl cyclic AMP-its structure and role. (c) Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones). biosynthesis and functions. (d) Enzymes: types and mechanisms of action. (e) 'vitamins and co-enzymes. (f) Immunoglobulin and immunity. ZOOLOGY 11

Question 342

6. Physiology (with special reference to mammals) :

Answer 342

6. Physiology (with special reference to mammals) : (a) Composition and constituents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor in man; fac1ors and mechanism of coagulation; iron metabolism, acid-base balance, thermo regulation, anticoagulants. (b) Haemoglobin: Composition, types and role in transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. (c) Digestion and absorption: Role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas and intestinal glands. (d) Excretion: nephron and regulation of urine fmmation; osmo-regulation and excretmy pmduct. (e) Muscles: Types, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles, effects of exercise on muscles. (f) Neuron : nerve impulse-its conduction and synaptic transmission; neurotransmitters. (g) \1sion, hearing and olfaction in man. (h) Physiology of reproduction puberty and menopause in human. ZOOLOGY12

Question 343

7. Developmental Biology :

Answer 343

7. Developmental Biology : (a) Gametogenesis; spermatogenesis. composition of semen. in vitro and in vivo capacitation of mammalian sperm. Oogenesis. totipotency; fertilization. morphogenesis and morphogen; blastogeneis. establishment of body axes formation. fate map. gestulation in frog and chick; genes in development in chick homeotic genes. development of eye and heart. placenta in mammals. (b) Cell lineage. cell to cell interaction. Genetic and induced teratogenesis. role of thyroxine in control of metamorphosisin amphibia. paedogenesis and neoteny. cell death. aging. (c) Developmental genes in man. in vitro fertilization; and embryo transfer; cloning. (d) Stem cells: Sources. types and their use in human welfare. (e) Biogenetic law. ZOOLOGY13

Question 344

1. Human Anatomy:

Answer 344

1. Human Anatomy: Applied anatomy including blood and nenre supply of upper and lower limbs and joints of shoulder, hip and knee. Gross anatomy, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of tongue, thyroid, mammary gland, stomach, liver, prostate, gonads and utems. Applied anatomy of diaphragm, perineum and inguinal region. Clinical anatomy of kidney, urinary bladder, uterine tubes, vas deferens. Embryology : Placenta and placental barrier. Develop ment of heart, gut, kidney. utems, ovary, testis and their c ommon congenital abnormalities. Central and Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System : Gross and clinical anatomy of ventricles of brain, circulation of cerebrospinal fluid; Neural pathways and lesions of cutaneous sensations, hearing and vision; Cranial nerves dis tribution and clinical significance; Components of auton omic nenrous system. MEDICAL SCIENCE 1

Question 345

2. Human Physiology :

Answer 345

2. Human Physiology : Conduction and transmission of impulse, mechanism of contraction, neuromuscular transmission, reflexes, control of equi1ibrium, posture and muscle tone, descending pathways, functions of cerebe11um, basal gang1ia, Physiology of sleep and consciousness. Endocrine System : Mechanism of action of horm ones; formation, secretion, transport, metabo1ism, function and regulation of secretion of pancreas and pituitary gland. Physiology of Reproductive System : Pregnancy menstma1 cycle, lactation, pregnancy. Blood : Development, regulation and fate of blood ce11s. Cardio-vascular, cardiac output, blood pressure, regulation of cardiova,cu1ar functions. MEDICAL SCIENCE 2

Question 346

3. Biochemistry :

Answer 346

``` 3. Biochemistry : Organ function tests-liver, kidney, thyroid Protein synthesis. Vitamins and minerals. Restriction fragment length. polymorphism (RFLP). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Radio-immunoassays (RlA). ``` MEDICAL SCIENCE 3

Question 347

4. Pathology :

Answer 347

4. Pathology : lnflammation and repair, disturbances of growth and cancer, Pathogenesis and histopathology of rheumatic and ischaemic heart disease and diabetes me11itus. Differentiation between benign, malignant, primary and metastatic malignancies, Pathogenesis and histopathology of bronchogenic carcinoma, carcinoma breast, ora] cancer, cancer cervix, leukemia, Etiology, pathogenesis and histopathology of-cirrhosis liver, glomerulonephritis, tu bercu]osis, acute osteomyelitis. MEDICAL SCIENCE 4

Question 348

5. Microbiology :

Answer 348

``` 5. Microbiology : Humoral and cel1 mediated immunity. Diseases caused by and laboratory diagnosis of* Meningococcus, Saimonel1a * Shige11a, Herpes, Dengue, Polio * Hl Y /AlDS, Malaria, E. Histo1ytica, Giardia * Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergi11us. 6. Phannacology : ``` MEDICAL SCIENCE 5

Question 349

6. Pharmacology :

Answer 349

6. Pharmacology : Mechanism of action and side effects of the fo1lowing dmgs: * Antipyretics and analgesics, Antibiotics, * Antimalaria, Antikala-azar, Antidiabetics, * Antihypertensive, Antidiuretics, General and cardiac vasodilators, Antiviral, Antiparasitic, Antifungal, Immunosuppressants, * Anticancer. MEDICAL SCIENCE 6

Question 350

7. Forensic Medicine and Toxicology

Answer 350

7. Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Forensic examination of injuries and wounds; Examination of blood and seminal stains; Poisoning, sedative overdose, hanging, drowning, burns, DNA and finger print study. MEDICAL SCIENCE 7

Question 351

1. G~n~ral Medicine

Answer 351

1. G~n~ral Medicine Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management (including prevention) of-Typhoid, Rabies, AlDS, Dengue, Ka1a-azar, Japanese Encephalitis. Etiology, c1inical features, diagnosis and principles of management of: l~chaem ic heart disease, pulmonary embolism. Bronchial asthma. Pleural effusion, tuberculosis, Malabsorption syndromes; acid peptic diseases, Viral hepatitis and cirrhosis ofliver. Glomemlonephritis and pyelonephritis, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, renovascular hyperte nsion, compli cations of diabetes me11itus, coagulation disorders, leukaemia, Hypo and hyper thyrodism, meningitis and encephalitis. Imaging in medical problems, ultrasound, echocardiogram, CT scan, MR1. Anxiety and Depressive Psychosis and schizophrenia and ECT. MEDICAL SC IENCE 8

Question 352

2. Paediatrics,

Answer 352

2. Paediatrics lmmunization, Baby friendly hospital, congenital cyanotic heart disease, respiratory distress syndrome, broncho- pneumonias, kernictems. lMNCl cla,sification and management, PEM grading and management. ARl and Diarrhea of under five and their management. MEDICAL SCIENCE 9

Question 353

3. Dermatology

Answer 353

3. Dermatology Psoriasis, A1lergic dermatitis, scabies, eczema, viti1igo, Stevan Johnson's syndrome, Lichen Planus. MEDICAL SCIENCE 10

Question 354

4. General Surgery

Answer 354

4. General Surgery C1inica1 features, causes, diagnosis and principles of management of c1eft palate, hare1ip. Laryngeal tumour, ora] and esophageal tumours. Peripheral arterial diseases, varicose veins, coarctation of aorta. Tumours of Thyroid, Adrenal, Glands. Abscess cancer, fibroadenoma and adenosis of breast. Bleeding peptic ulcer, tuberculosis ofbowe1, ulcerative colitis, cancer stomach. Renal ma-;s, cancer prostatie. Haemothorax, stones of Gall bladder, Kidney, Ureter and Urinary Bladder. Management of surgical conditions of Rectum, Anus and Anal canal, Gall bladder and Bile ducts. Splenomegaly, cholecystitis, portal hypertension, liver abscess, peritonitis, carcinoma head of pancreas. Fractures of spine, Co11es' fracture and bone tumors. Endoscopy. Laprascopic Surgery. MEDICAL SCIENCE 11

Question 355

5. Obstetrics and Gynaecology including Family | Planning

Answer 355

5. Obstetrics and Gynaecology including Family Planning Diagnosis of pregnancy. Labour management, complications of 3rd stage, Anteparn1m and postpartum hemorrhage, resuscitation of the newborn, Management of abnormal life and difficult labour. Management of small for date or premature newborn. Diagnosis and management of anemia. Preeclampsia and Toxaemias of pregnancy, Management of Postmenopausal Syndrome. lntra-uterine devices, pills, tubectomy and vasectomy. Medical termination of pregnancy including legal aspects. Cancer cervix. Leucorrhoea, pelvic pain; infertility, dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), amenorrhoea, Fibroid and prolapse of utems. MEDICAL SCIENCE 12

Question 356

6. Community Medicine (Preventive and Social Medicine) Principles, methods approach and measurements of Epidemiology.

Answer 356

6. Community Medicine (Preventive and Social Medicine) Principles, methods approach and measurements of Epidemiology. Nutrition, nutritional diseases/diorders and Nutrition Programmes. Health information Collection, Analys is and Presentation. Objectives, components and critical analysis of National programmes for control/eradication of: Malaria, Kala-azar, Filaria and Tuberculosis, Hl VI AlDS, STDs and Dengue. Critical appraisal of Health care delivery system. Health management and administration; Techniques, Tools, Programme Implementation and Evaluation. Objectives, Components, Goals and Status of Reproductive and Child Health, National Rural Health Mission and Millennium Development Goals. Management of hospital and indus trial waste. MEDICAL SCIENCE 13

Question 357

1. Atomic Structure:

Answer 357

Heisenberg's uncerLainLy principle Schrodinger wave equation (Lime independent); lnLerpreLaLion of wave function, particle in one- dimensional box, quantum numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions; Shapes of s, p and d orbitals. CHEMISTRY 1

Question 358

2. Chemical bonding:

Answer 358

Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, lattice energy, Bom-Haber cycle; covalent bond and its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole moments; Valence bond theory, concept of resonance and resonance energy; Molecular orbital theory (LCAO method); bonding H2+,H2 He2+toNe2,NO,CO,HF,CN-, Comparison of valence bond and molecular orbital theories, bond order, bond strength and bond length. CHEMISTRY 2

Question 359

3. Solid State:

Answer 359

Crystal systems; Designation of crystal faces, lauice structures and unit cell; Bragg's law; X-ray diffraction by crystals; Close packing, radius ratio rules, calculation of some limiting radius ratio values; Structures ofNaCl, ZnS, CsCl, CaF2; Stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric defects, impurity defects, semi-conductors. CHEMISTRY 3

Question 360

4. The Gaseous State and Transport Phenomenon:

Answer 360

4. The Gaseous State and Transport Phenomenon: EquaLion of sLale for real gases, inLermolecul ar inLeraclions, and critical phenomena and liquefaction of gases; Max well 's di sLribuLion of speeds, inLermolecular collisions, collisions on Lhe wall and effusion; Thermal conducliviLy and viscosiLy of ideal gases. CHEMISTRY 4

Question 361

5. Liquid State:

Answer 361

5. Liquid State: Kelvin equalion; Surface Lension and surface enercy, welling and conlacl angle, inlerfacial Lension and capillary action. CHEMISTRY 5

Question 362

6. Thermodynamics:

Answer 362

Work , heal and internal energy; first law of Lherm od ynami cs. Second law of Lhermodynamics; entropy as a slale function, entropy changes in various processes, entropy-reversibility and irreversibility, Free energy functions; Thermodynamic equation of slate; Max well relations; Temperature, volume and pressure dependence ofU, H, A, G; Cp and Cv, a and~; J-T effect and inversion temperature; criteria for equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities; Nernsl heat theorem, introductory idea of third law of thermodynamics. CHEMISTRY 6

Question 363

7. Phase Equilibria and Solutions :

Answer 363

7. Phase Equilibria and Solutions : Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a pure substance; phase equilibria in binary systems, partially miscible liquids-upper and lower critical solution temperatures; partial molar quantities, their significance and determination; excess thermodynamic functions and their determination. CHEMISTRY 7

Question 364

8. Electrochemistry:

Answer 364

8. Electrochemistry: Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Debye-Huckellimit.ing Law for various equilibrium and transport properties. Galvanic cells, concentration cells; electrochemical series , measurement of e.m.f. of cells and its applications fuel cells and batteries. Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface; rate of charge transfer, current density; overpoLent.ial; electroanalytical techniques : amperometry, ion selective electrodes and Lheir use. CHEMISTRY 8

Question 365

9. ChemicalKinetics:

Answer 365

Differential and integral rate equations for zeroth, first, second and fractional order reactions; Rate equations involving reverse, parallel, consecutive and chain reactions; Branching chain and explosions; effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant. Study of fast reactions by stop-Dow and relaxation methods. Collisions and transition state theories. CHEMISTRY 9

Question 366

10. Photochemistry:

Answer 366

Absorplion of lighL; decay of exciLed slale by differenl roules; phoLochemical reactions beLween hydrogen and halogens and their quanlum yields. CHEMISTRY 10

Question 367

11. Surface Phenomena and Catalysis:

Answer 367

Adsorplion from gases and solulions on solid adsorbenls; Langmuir and B.E.T. adsorplion isolherms; delerminalion of surface area, characlerislics and mechanism of reaclion on helerogeneous calalysls. CHEMISTRY 11

Question 368

12. Bio-inorganic Chemistry:

Answer 368

Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion-transport across Lhe membranes (molecular mechanism), oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromes and ferrodoxins. CHEMISTRY 12

Question 369

13. Coordination Chemistry:

Answer 369

(i) Bonding in transition ofmeLal complexes. Valence bond theory, crystal field theory and its modifications; applications of theories in the explanation of magnetism and elctronic spectra of metal complexes. (ii) Isomerism in coordination compounds; IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds; stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers; chelate effect and polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its theories; kinetics of substitution reactions in square-planar complexes; thermodynamic and kinetic sLability of complexes. (iii) EAN rule, Synthesis structure and reactivity of metal carbonyls; carboxylate anions, carbonyl hydrides and metal nitrosyl compounds. (iv) Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, s tructure and bonding in metal olefin complexes, alkyne complexes and cyclopentadienyl complexes; coordinative unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions, insertion reactions, fluxional molecules and their characterization; Compounds with meLal~metal bond'\ and metal atom clusters. CHEMISTRY 13

Question 370

14. MainGroupChemistry:

Answer 370

Boranes, borazines, phosphazenes and cyclic phosphazene, silicates and silicones, lnterhalogen compounds; Sulphur-nitrogen compounds, noble gas compounds. CHEMISTRY 14

Question 371

15. General Chemistry of 'f' Block Element:

Answer 371

Lanthanides and actinides: separation, oxidation stales , magnetic and spectral properties; lanthanide contraction. CHEMISTRY 15

Question 372

1. Delocalised Covalent Bonding:

Answer 372

Aromalicily, anli-aromaliciLy; annulenes, azulenes, tropolones, ful venes, sydnones. CHEMISTRY 16

Question 373

2. Reaction mechanisms:

Answer 373

2. (i) Reaction mechanisms: General meLhods (bolh kineLic and non-kineLic) of sLudy of mechanisms or organic reacLions : isoLopies, malhod crossover experimenL, inLermedi aLe Lrapping, sLereoch emisLry; energy of acLi vaLion ; Lhermodynamic conLrol and kinelic conLrol of reacti ons. (ii) llactive intermediates: GeneraLion, geomeLry, sLabiliLy and reacLions of carboniumions and carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and niLrenes. (iii) Substitution reactions :-S'~ 1, S'~ 2, and S'~ i, mechanisms; neighbouring group participaLion; elecLrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of aromatic compound~ including heLerocyclic compoundspyrrole, furan, Lhiophene and indole. (iv) Elimination reactions :-El, E2 and E lcb mechani sms; orienLaLion in E2 reacLionsSayLLeff and Hoffmann; pyrol yLic syn eliminaLion- aceLaLe pyrolysis, Chugaev and Cope eliminaLions. (v) Addition t•eactions :-ElecLrophilic addition Lo C=C andC=C; nucleophilic addition LoC=O, C=.N, conjugaLed olefins and carbonyls. (vi) Reactions and Rearrangements :-{a) Pinacolpinacolone, Hoffmann, Beckmann, Baeyer-Villiger, Favorskii , Fries, Claisen , Cope, SLevens and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangemenLs. (b) Aldol condensaLion, Claisen condensaLion, Dieckmann, Perkin, Knoevenagel, Wining, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Cannizz.aro and von RichLer reacLions; SLObbe, benzoin and acy loin condensaLions; Fi s ch er indole syn Lh es is, S kraup syn Lh esis, Bisc hl erNapieralski , Sandmeyer, Reimer-Tiemann and ReformaL<>ky reactions. CHEMISTRY 17

Question 374

3. Pericyclic reactions :-

Answer 374

3. Pericyclic reactions :-Classification and examples; Woodward-Hoffmann ruleselectrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition reactions 12+2 and4+21 and sigmatropic shifL~ 11, 3; 3, 3 and 1, 51, FMO approach. CHEMISTRY 18

Question 375

4. (i) Preparation and Properties ofPolymers:

Answer 375

4. (i) Preparation and Properties ofPolymers: Organic polymerspolyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, teflon, nylon, terylene, synthetic and natural rubber. (ii) Biopolymers: Structure of proteins, DNA and RNA. CHEMISTRY 19

Question 376

5. Synthetic Uses of Ragents:

Answer 376

``` 5. Synthetic ties ofliagents: Os04 , Hl04 , CtD3,Pb(OAc)4 , SeO~,NBS, B~H,, NaLiquidNHv LiAIH4 . NaBH4 , n-BuLi, MCPBA. ``` CHEMISTRY 20

Question 377

6. Photochemistry :

Answer 377

-Photochemical reactions of simple organic compounds, excited and ground states, singlet and uaiplet states, Nonaish-Type 1 and Type 11 reactions. CHEMISTRY 21

Question 378

7. Spectroscopy:

Answer 378

Principle and applications in slruclure elucidaLion: (i) Rotational-Dialomic molecules; isolopic subslilution and rolalional conslanls. (ii) Vibrational-Dialomic molecules, linear Lrialomic molecules, specific frequencies of funcLional groups in polyalomic molecules. (iii) Electronic-Singlel and t.riplel slales. n-Ht* and 11:--Ht* Lransitions; application Lo conjugaLed double bonds and conjugaLed carbonyls Woodward-Fieser rules; Charge Lransfer speclra. (iv) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (IHNMR) : Basic principle; chemical shifland spin-spin inLeracLion and coupling conslanls. ( v) Mass Spectrometry :-Parenl peak, base peak, meLasLable peak, McLafferLy rearrangemenl. CHEMISTRY 22

Question 379

1. Mechanics of Particles

Answer 379

1. (a) Mechanics of Particles: Laws of motion; conservation of energy and momentum, applications to rotating frames, centripetal and Coriolis accelerations; Motion under a central force; Conservation of angular momentum, Kepler's laws; Fields and potentials; Gravitational field and potential due to spherical bodies, Gauss and Poisson equations, gravitational self-energy; Two-body problem; Reduced mass; Rutherford scattering; Centre of mass and labmatmy reference frames. (b) Mechanics of Rigid Bodies: System of particles; Centre of mass, angular momentum, equations of motion; Conservation themems fm energy, momentum and angular momentum; Elastic and inelastic collisions; Rigid Body; Degrees of freedom, Euler's themem. angular velocity, angular momentum, moments of inertia, themems of parallel and perpendicular axes, equation of motion for rotation; Molecular rotations (as rigid bodies); Di and triatomic molecules; Precessional motion; top, gyroscope. (c) Mechanics of Continuous Media : Elasticity. Hooke's law and elastic constant~ of isotropic solids and their inter-relation; Streamline (Laminar) flow, viscosity, Poiseuille's equation. Bernoulli's equation. Stokes' law and applications. (d) Special Relativity: Michelson-Morely experiment and its implications; Lorentz transformations length contraction, time dilation, addition of relativistic velocities. aberration and Doppler effect. mass-energy relation, simple applications to a decay process. Four dimensional momentum vectm; Covariance of equations of physics. PHYSICS 1

Question 380

2. Waves and Optics:

Answer 380

2. Waves and Optics: (a) Waves: Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance; Beat~; Stationary waves in a string; Pulses and wave packets; Phase and group velocities; Reflection and refraction from Huygens' principle. (b) Geometrial Optics : Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat's principle; Matrix method in paraxial optic-thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses, chromatic and spherical aberrations. (c) Interference : Interference of light -Young's experiment, Newton's rings, interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer; Multiple beam interference and Fabry Perot interferometer. (d) Diffraction: Fraunhofer diffraction- single slit. double slit, diffrdction grating, resolving power; Diffraction by a circular aperture and the Airy pattern; Fresnel diffraction: half-period zones and zone plates, circular aperture. (e) Polarisation and Modern Optics : Production and detection of linearly and circularly polarized light; Double refraction, quarter wave plate; Optical activity; Principles of fibre optics, attenuation; Pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; Material dispersion, single mode fibers; Lasers-Einstein A and B coefficients. Ruby and He-Ne lasers. Characteristics of laser light-spatial and temporal coherence; Focusing of laser beams. Three-level scheme for laser operation; Hologrdphy and simple applications. PHYSICS 2

Question 381

3. Electricity and Magnetism:

Answer 381

3. Electricity and Magnetism: (a) Electrostatics and Magnetostatics: Laplace and Poisson equations in electrostatics and their applications; Energy of a system of charges, multi pole expansion of scalar potential; Method of images and its applications. Potential and field due to a dipole, force and torque on a dipole in an external field; Dielectrics, polarisation. Solutions to boundary-value problems-conducting and dielectric spheres in a uniform electric field; Magnetic shelL uniformly magnetised sphere; Ferromagnetic materials, hysteresis, energy loss. (b) Current Electricity : Kirchhoffs laws and their applications. Biot-Savart law, Ampere's law, Faraday's law, Lenz' law. Self-and mutualinductances; Mean and rms values in AC circuits; DC and AC circuits with R, L and C components; Series and parallel resonance; Quality factor; Principle oftransformer. PHYSICS 3

Question 382

4. Electromagnetic Waves and Blackbody Radiation:

Answer 382

4. Electromagnetic Waves and Blackbody Radiation: Displacement current and Maxwell's equations; Wave equations in vacuum, Poynting themem; Vector and scalar potentials; Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance of Maxwell's equations; Wave equations in isotropic dielectrics, reflection and refraction at the boundary of two dieleLtrics; Fresnel's relations; Total internal reflection; Normal and anomalous dispersion; Rayleigh scattering; Blackbody radiation and Planck's radiation law~ Stefan~Boltzmann law, Wien's displacement law and Rayleigh~Jeans law. PHYSICS 4

Question 383

5. Thermal and Statistical Physics:

Answer 383

5. Thermal and Statistical Physics: (a) Thermodynamics: Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy; IsothermaL adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric processes and entropy changes; Otto and Diesel engines, Gibbs' phase rule and chemical potential; Van der Waals equation of state of a real gas. critical constants; MaxwellBoltzmann distribution of molecular velocities. transport phenomena. equipartition and virial theorems; Dulong-Petit. Einstein. and De bye's themies of specific heat of solids; Maxwell relations and application; Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Adiabatic demagn etisation, Joule-Kelvin effect and liquefaction of gases. (b) Statistical Physics : Macm and micm states. statistical distributions. Maxwell-Boltzmann. Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac Distributions, applications to specific heat of gases and blackbody radiation; Concept of negative temperatures. PHYSICS 5

Question 384

1. Quantum Mechanics :

Answer 384

1. Quantum Mechanics : Wave-particle duality; Schroedinger equation and expec-tation values; Uncertainty principle; Solutions of the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation fm free particle (Gaussian wave-packet), particle in a box, particle in a finite welL linear harmonic oscillator; Reflection and transmission by a step potential and by a rectangular barrier; Particle in a three dimensional box, density of states, free electron theory of metals; Angular momentum; Hydrogen atom; Spin half particles, properties of Pauli spin matrices. PHYSICS 6

Question 385

2. Atomic and Molecular Physics:

Answer 385

2. Atomic and Molecular Physics: Stern-Gerlach experiment, electron spin, fine structure ofhydrozen atom; L-S coupling, J-J coupling; Spectroscopic notation of atomic states; Zeeman effect; Franck-Condon principle and applications; Elementary theory of rotational, v ibrdti onal and eleLtmnic spectra of diatomic molecules; Raman effect and molecular structure; Laser Raman spectroscopy; Importance of neutral hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogen and molecular hydrogen ion in astronomy. Fluorescence and Phosphorescence; Elementary theory and applications of NMR and EPR; Elementary ideas about Lamb shift and its significance. PHYSICS 7

Question 386

3. Nuclear and Particle Physics:

Answer 386

3. Nuclear and Particle Physics: Basic nuclear properties-size. binding energy. angular momentum. parity. magnetic moment; Semi-empirical mass formula and applications. Mass parabolas; Ground state of a deuteron. magnetic moment and non-central forces; Meson theory of nuclear forces; Salient features of nuclear forces; Shell model ofthe nucleus- success and limitations; Violation of parity in beta decay; Gamma decay and internal conversion; Elementary ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy; Q-value of nuclear reactions; Nuclear fission and fusion. energy production in stars. Nuclear reactors. Classification of elementary particles and their interactions; Conservation laws; Quark structure ofhadrons: Field quanta of electroweak and strong interactions; Elementary ideas about unification of forces; Physics of neutrinos. PHYSICS 8

Question 387

4. Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics :

Answer 387

4. Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics : Crystalline and amorphous structure of matter; Different crystal systems, space groups; Methods of determination of crystal structure; X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies; Band theory of solids-conductors, insulators and semi-conductors; Thermal properties of solids, specific heat, Debye theory; Magnetism: dia, para and ferromagnetism; Elements of super-conductivity. Meissner effect, Josephsonjunc1ions and applications; Elementary ideas about high temperature super-conductivity. Intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors- p-n-p and n-p-n transistors; Amplifiers and oscillators. Op-amps; FET. JFET and MOSFET; Digital electronics-Boolean identities, De Morgan's laws. Logic gates and truth tables. Simple logic circuits; Thermistors. solar cells; Fundamentals of microprocessors and digital computers. PHYSICS 9

Question 388

1. Engineering Mechanics, Strength ofMatetaials | and Structural Analysis.

Answer 388

1.1 Engineering Mechanics : UniL<> and Dimensions, SI UniL<>, Vectors, Concept of Force, Concept of particle and rigid body. Concurrent, Non- Concurrent and parallel forces in a plane, moment of force free body diagram, conditions of equilibtium, Ptinciple of virtual work, equi valent force system. First and Second Moment of area, Mass moment of Inertia. Static Friction. Kinematics and Kinetics: Kinematics in cartesian Co-ordinates, motion under uniform and non-uniform acceleration, motion under gravity. Kinetics of partic le : Momentum and Energy principles, collision of elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies. 1.2 Strength of Materials: Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constanL<>, axially loaded compression members, Shear force and bending moment, theory of simple bending, Shear Stress disuaibution across cross sections, Beams of uniform suaength. Deflection ofbeams: Mecaulay's method, Mohr's Moment area method, Conjugate beam method, unit load method. Torsion of Shafts, Elastic stability of columns, Euler's, Rankine's andSecam fmmulae. 1.3 Structural Analysis : Castiglianio 's theorems I and 11, unit load method, of consistent deformation applied to beams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-deOeclion, moment distributi on. Rolling loadc; and Influences lines : Influences lines for Shear Force and Bending moment at a section of a beam. Criteria for maximum shear force and bending Moment in beams traversed by a system of moving loads. Influences lines for simply supported plane pin jointed trusses. Arches : Three hinged, two hinged and fixed arches, rib shortening and temperature effecLc;. Mauaix mehods of analysis : Force method and di splacement method of analysis of indeterminate beams and rigid frames. Plastic Analysis of beams and frames : Theory of plastic bending, plastic analysis, statical method, Mechani sm method. Unsymmetrical bending : Moment of inertia, product of inertia, position of Neutral Axis and Principal axes, calc ulation of bending stresses. CIVIL ENGINEERING 1

Question 389

2. Design of Structures :

Answer 389

2. Design of Structures : Steel, Concrete and Masonry Structures. 2.1 Structural Steel Design : Structural steel : Factors of s afeLy and load factors. Riveted, boiLed and welded j oints and connecti ons. Design of tension and compression members, beams of builL up section, riveted and welded plate girders, gantry girders, sLancheons with battens and lacings. 2.2 Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures : Concept of mix design. Reinforced Concrete : Working Suaess and Limit StaLe method of designRecommendations of l. S. codes. Design of one way and two way slabs, stair-case slabs, simple and continuous beams of rectangular, T and L sections. Compression members under direct load with or without eccentricity. Cantilever and Counter forl Lype retaining walls. Water tanks :Design requiremenL<> for Rectangular and circular tanks resting on ground. Prestressed Concrete : Method<> and systems of prestressing, anchorages, Analysis and design of sections for flexure based on working suaess, loss of prestress. Design of brick masonry as per I. S. Codes CIVIL ENGINEERING 2

Question 390

3. Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow and | Hyd1aaulicMachines:

Answer 390

3. Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow and Hyd1aaulicMachines: 3.1 Fluid Mechanics : Fluid properties and their role in fluid moLion, fluid sLaLics including forces acLing on plane and curve surfaces. KinemaLics and Dynamics ofFiuidOow: VelociLy and acceleraLions, sLream lines, equaLion of continuiLy, irroLational and roLaLional Dow, velociLy poLenLial and sLream funcLions. ConLinuiLy, momenLum, energy equation, Navier SLOkes equaLion, Euler's equaLion of moLion, application LO fluid flow problems, pipe flow, sluice gaLes, weirs. 3.2 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude: Buckingham's Pi-Lheorem, dimens ionl ess parameLers. 3.3 Laminar Flow: Laminar flow beLween parallel , sLaLionary and moving pi aLes, flow through Lube. 3.4 Boundary layer: Laminar and LurbulenL boundary layer on a OaL plaLe, laminar sub-layer, smooLh and rough boundaries, drag and lifL. TurbulenL flow Lhrough pipes: CharacLerisLics of LurbulenL fl ow, velociLy disLribution and variaLion of pipe fricLion facLor, hydraulic grade line and LOLa] energy line. 3.5 Open Channel Flow: Uniform and non-uniform flows, momenLum and energy correcLion facLors, specific energy and specific force, critical depLh, rapidly varied flow, hydraulic j ump, gradually varied flow, classificaLion of surface profiles, contml secLion, sLep method of inLegration of varied Dow equation. 3.6 Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower: Hydraulic Lurbines, Lypes classificaLion, Choice of Lurbines performance parameLers, conLrols, characLeris tics, specific speed. Principles of hydropower developmenl. CIVIL ENGINEERING 3

Question 391

4. Geotechnical Engineering:

Answer 391

Soil Type and Structure-gradation and particle size distribution-consistency limits. Water in soil-capillary and structural-effective s tress and pore water pressure-permeability c oncepL-filed and laboratory determination of permeability-Seepage pressure-quick sand conditions-Shear strength determinationMohr Coulomb concept. Compaction of soil-Laboratory and filed Lest. Compressibility and consolidation conceptconsolidation theory-consolidation seulement analysis. Earth pressure theory and analysis for retaining walls, Application for sheet piles and Braced excavation. Bearing capacity of soil-approaches for analysisFiled tests-seulemenl analysis- stability of slope of earth walk. Subsuface exploration of soils-methods Foundation-Type and selection criteria for foundation of structures-Design criteria for foundation-Analysis of distribution of stress for footings and pile-pile group action-pile load Lest. Ground improvement techniques. CIVIL ENGINEERING 4

Question 392

1. Construction Technology, Equipment, Planning | and Management

Answer 392

1. Construction Technology, Equipment, Planning and Management 1.1 Construction Technology Engineering Materials : Physical properties of construction materials with respect Lo their use in construction-Stones, Bricks and Tiles; Lime, Cement, different types of Mortars and Concrete. Specific use of ferro cement, fibre reinforced C. C., High stenglh concrete. Timber; Properties defects-common preservation treatments. Use and selection of materials for specific use like Low Cost Housing, Mass Housing, High Rise Buildings. 1.2 Construction: Masonry principles using Brick, stone, Blocksconstruction detailing and strength characteristics. Types of plastering, pointing, flooring, roofing and construction features. Common repairs in buildings. Principle of functional planning of building for residents and specific use-Building code provisions. Basic principles of detailed and approximate estimating-specification writing and rate analysis-principles of valuation of real properly. Machinery for earthwork, concreting and their specific uses-Factors affecting selection of equipments-operating cost of equipmenL<>. 1.3 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT: Construction acti vi Ly-schedules---organizaLion for construction industry-Quality assurance pdnciples. Use Basic principle of network-analysis in fmm of CPM and PERT -their use in construction monitoring, Cost optimization and resource allocation. Basic principles of Economic analysis and methods. Project profitability-Basic principles of Boot approach to financial planning-simple toll fixation criterions. CIVIL ENGINEERING 5

Question 393

2. Surveying and Transportation Engineuing

Answer 393

2.1 Surveying : Common method<> and instrumenL---classification and geomeuaical design elements and standards for Roads. Pavement structure for fle xible and rigid pa vemenL<>- Design principles and methodology of pavemenL

Question 394

3. Hydrology, Water Resources and Engineering :

Answer 394

3.1 Hydrology: Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, infilLraLion, overland flow, hydrograph, flood frequency analyses, flood routing through a reservoir, channel flow rouling-Muskingam method. 3.2 Ground Waterflow: Specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient of permeability, confined and unconfined aquifers, aquifers, aquitards, radial Dow into a well under confined and unconfined conditions. 3.3 Water Resources Engineering : Ground and surface water resources, single and multipurpose projects, storage capacity of reservoirs, reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation. 3.4 Irrigation Engineering : (i) Water requirements of crops : consumptive use, duly and della, irrigation methods and their efficiencies. (ii) Canals: Distribution systems for canna! inigaLion, canal capacity, canal losses, alignment of main and distributory canals, most efficient section, lined canals, their design, regime theory, critical shear stress, bed load. (iii) Water logging : causes and control, salinity. (iv) Canal structures : Design of head regulators, canal falls, aqueducts, metering flumes and canal outlets. (v) Diversion head work: Principles and design of weirs on permeable and impermeable foundation, Khosla's theory, energy dissipation. (vi) Storage works: Types of dams, design, principles of rigid gravity stability analysis. (vii) Spillways: Spillway types, energy dissipation. (viii) River training : Objectives of river training, methods of river training. CIVIL ENGINEERING 7

Question 395

4. EnvironrnentalEngineering

Answer 395

4. EnvironrnentalEngineering 4.1 Water Supply: Predicting demand for water, impurities of water and their significance, physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases, standards for potable water. 4.2 Intake ofWater: Water treatment: principles of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation; slow-, rapid-, pressure-, filters; chlorination, softening, removal of taste, odour and salinity. 4.3 Sewerage Systems : Domestic and industrial wastes, store sewageseparate and combined systems, Dow through sewers, design of sewers. 4.4 Sewage Characterisation: BOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and TOC. Standard, mines, river valley project.

Question 396

1. Circuits-Theory :

Answer 396

1. Circuits-Theory : Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; Circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits; coupled circuits; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two-port networks. ECE 1

Question 397

2. Signals and Systems :

Answer 397

2. Signals and Systems : Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals and systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform , Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems. ECE 2

Question 398

3. E.M. Theory:

Answer 398

3. E.M. Theory: Maxwe1l's equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions, ret1ection and refraction of plane waves. Transmission lines : travelling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart. ECE3

Question 399

4.AnalogElectronics:

Answer 399

4.AnalogElectronics: Characteristics and equivalent circuit~ (large and smalls ignal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits: Clipping, clamping, recti tier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplitiers. Current mirror; Amplitiers: single and multi-stage, differential, operational feedback and power. Analysis of amplitiers; frequency-responseof amplitiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators: criterion for oscillation; singletransistor and OPAMP contigurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Linear and switching power supplies. ECE4

Question 400

5. Digital Electronics :

Answer 400

5. Digital Electronics : Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions; logic gates; digitallC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits: arithmetic circuit

Question 401

6. Energy Conversion :

Answer 401

6. Energy Conversion : Principles of electromechanical energy conversion : Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC machines : characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors. Transformers : principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines characteristics and performance analysis; speed control. ECE6

Question 402

7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives :

Answer 402

7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives : Semi-conductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET-static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectitlers; bridge converters : fully-controlled and halfcontrolled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; DCDC converters; Switch mode inverter; basic concept

Question 403

8. Analog Conmmnication :

Answer 403

8. Analog Conmmnication : Random variables : continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions. Statistical averages; probability models; Random signals and noise : white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation : Amplitude modulation : DSB, DSB-SC and SSB . Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation : PM & FM signals; narrows band FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis. CW modulation system : Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation or AM and FM receivers. ECE8

Question 404

1. Control Systems :

Answer 404

Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. Control system component

Question 405

2.lVIicroprocessors and lVIicrocomputers :

Answer 405

PC organisation; CPU, instruction set, register settiming diagram, programming, interrupts, memory interfacing, J/0 interfacing, programmable peripheral devices. ECE10

Question 406

3. Measurement and Instrumentation:

Answer 406

Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurements. Signal conditioning circuit; Electronic measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser, distoration-meter. Transducers : thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guage, piezo-electric crystal. ECE 11

Question 407

4. Power Sysrems: Analysis and Control:

Answer 407

Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load t1ow; voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concepts of system stability: swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission. ECE12

Question 408

5. Power System Protection :

Answer 408

Principles of overcurrent, differential and di stance protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit brakers. Computer aided protection : introduction; line, bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to protection. ECE13

Question 409

6. Digital Communication:

Answer 409

Pulse code modulation (PCM), defferential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), Digital modulation and demodulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding : error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolation codes. lnforrnation measure and source coding. Data networks, ?-layer architecture. ECE14

Question 410

1. Mechanics :

Answer 410

1.1 Mechanics of Rigid Bodies : Equations of equi1ibrium in space and its app1ication; first and second moments of area; simple problems on friction; kinematics of partic1es for plane motion; elementary partic1e dynamics. 1.2 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies : Genera1ized Hooke's Jaw and its app1ication; design problems on axial stress, shear stress and bearing stress; material properties for dynamic loading; bending shear and stresses in beams; determination of principle stresses and strains-analytical and graphical; compound and combined stresses; bi-axial stresses-thin wa11ed pressure vessel; materia] behaviour and design factors for dynamic ]oad; design of circular shafts for bending and torsiona11oad only; deflection of beam for statica11y determinate problems; theories of failure. MECH. ENGG 1

Question 411

2. Engineering Materials :

Answer 411

Basic concepts on structure of solids, common ferrous and non-ferrous materials and their applications; heattreatment of steels; non-metalsplastics, cermics, composite materials and nano-materials. MECH ENGG 2

Question 412

3. Theory of Machines :

Answer 412

Kinematic and dynamic analysis of plane mechanisms. Cams, Gears and empicyclie gear trains, flywheels, governors, balancing of rigid rotors, balancing of single and multicylinder engines, linear vibration analysis ofmechanical systems (single degree of freedom), Critical speeds and whirling of shafts. MECH ENGG 3

Question 413

4. Manufacturing Science :

Answer 413

4.1 Manufacturing Process: Machine tool engineering - Merhant's force analysis: Taylor's tool life equation; conventional machining; NC and CNCmachining process; jigs and fixtures. Non-conventional machining-EDM, ECM, ultrasonic, water jet machining etc.; application of la~ers and pl asmas; energy rate calculations. Forming and welding processes-standard processes. Metrology-concept of fits and tolerances; tools and guages; comparators; inspection of length ; position; profile and surface finish. 4.2 Manufacturing Management: System design: factory location-simple OR models;p ]ant layout-methods based; applications of engineering econ omic analysis and break-even analysis for product selection, process selection and capacity planning;predetermined time standards. System planning; foreca~ting methods based on regression and decomposition, design and blancing of multi model and stochastic a~sembly lines; inventory managementprobablistic inventory models for order time and order quanitity determination; HT systems; strategic sourcing; managing inter plant logistics. System operations and control: Scheduling algorithms for job shops; applications of statistical methods for product and process quality control applications of control charts for mean, range, percent defective, number of defectives and defects per unit; quali ty cost systems; management of resources, organizations and risks in projects. System improvement: Implementation of systems, such a~ total quality management, developing and managing flexible, lean and agile Organizations. MECH ENGG 4

Question 414

1. Thennodynamics, Gas Dynamics Turbine:

Answer 414

11 Basic concept of First-law and Second law of Thermodynamics; concept of entropy and reversibility; avai lability and unavailability and irreversibility. 12 Classification and properties of fluids; incompressible and compressible fluids flows; effect of Mach number and compressibility; continuity momentum and energy equations; normal and oblique shocks; one dimensional isentropic flow; flow or fluids in duct with frictions that transfer. 13 Flow through fans, blowers and compressors; axial and centrifugal flow configuration; design of fans and compressors; single problems compresses and turbine cascade; open and closed cycle gas turbines; work done in the gas turbine; reheat and regenerators. MECH. ENGG 5

Question 415

2. Heat Transfer :

Answer 415

21 Conduction heat transfer-general conduction equation-aplace, oisson and Fourier equations; Fourier law of conduction; one dimensional steady state heat conduction applied to simple wall, solid and hollow cylinder and spheres. 22 Convection heat transfer-Newton's law of c onvection; free and forces convection; heat transfer during laminar and turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid over a flat plate; concepts of Nusselt number, hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer their thickness; Prandtl number; analogy between heat and momentum transfer-Reynolds, Colburn, Prandtl analogies; heat transfer during laminar and turbulent flow through horizontal tubes; free convection from horizontal and vertical plates. 23 Black body radiation-basic radiation laws such a' Stefan-boltzman, Hhck distribution, Wu!i displacement etc. 24 Basic heat exchanger analysis; cla,sification of heat exchangers. MECH. ENGG 6

Question 416

3. Engines:

Answer 416

31 Cbssification, themodynamic cycles of operation; determination of break power, indicated power, mechanical efficiency, heat balance sheet, interpretation of performance characteristics, petrol, gas and diesel engines. 32Combustion in Sl and Cl engines, normal and abn ormal combustion; effect of working parameters on kn ocking, reduction of knocking; Forms of combustion chamber for Sl and Cl engines; rating of fuels; additives; emissiOn. 33Different systems of lC engines-fuels; lubricating; cooling and transmission systems. Alternate fuels in lC engines. MECH. ENGG 7

Question 417

5. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning :

Answer 417

5.1 Vapour compression refrigeration cycle-cycle on p-H & T-s diagrams; ecofriend1y refrigerants-R 134a. 123; Systems like evaporators, condensers, compressor, expansion devices. Simple vapour absorption systems. 5.2 Psychrometry-properties; processes; charts; sens ib1e heating and coo1ing; humidification and dehumidificati on effective temperature; air-conditioning ]oad ca1cu1ation; simp1e duct design. MECH. ENGG 9