CSA 2 Clinicals Flashcards
(28 cards)
flail chest
multiple adjacent rib fractures
paradoxical movement of chest
impairs ventilation + extremely painful
Supernumerary Ribs
extra rib at C7 vertebrae
compress C8/T1 spinal nerve + subclavian artery
ischemic muscle pain + tingling + numbness of upper limb
thoracotomy
surgical opening of the thoracic wall to enter pleura cavity
median sternotomy
gain access to the thoracic cavity by splitting the sternum into two
pneumonectomy
lobectomy
segmentectomy
removal of a lung
removal of a lobe
removal of a bronchopulmonary segment
side note leave periosteum, the rib will regenerate
thoracic outlet syndrome
pallor + coldness of skin of upper limb + diminished radial pulse
due to compression of subclavian artery
paralysis of diaphragm
diaphragm to phrenic nerve that causes paradoxical movements
paralyzed side is pushed superiorly by abd viscera
herpes zoster infection
viral disease that spreads along the dermatome invading the spinal ganglion
extremely painful w. red vesicular eruptions on skin
intercostal nerve block
local anesthesia injected into the intercostal nerve area of 2+ adjacent intercostal spaces
atelectasis (lung collapse)
air enters pleural cavity increasing surface tension
pleural cavity becomes a real space
pneumothorax
hydrothorax
hemothorax
chlyothorax
entry of air into the pleural cavity
entry of fluid
entry of blood
entry of lymph
pleuritis
inflammation of the pleurae
audible lung sounds due to pleural rub
extremely painful (stabbing)
thoracentesis
removal of blood or pleural fluid form pleural cavity
percussion of lungs
air-filled = resonant sound
fluid-filled = dull sound
solid = flat sound
aspiration of foreign body
right bronchus is wider and shorter
more likely to lodge in right bronchus
pulmonary embolism (PE)
obstruction of pulmonary artery by embolus
inhalation of carbon particles
color the surface of the lung + associated lymph nodes
pericarditis + pericardial effusion
inflammation of the pericardium
causes chest pain
accumulation of fluid in the pericardium
cardiac tamponade
pericardiocentesis
compression of the heart due to pericardial effusion
fibrous pericardium is inflexible, tough, + inelastic
drainage of fluid from the pericardium using a wide-bore needle
completed at the 5th / 6th intercostal space near sternum
ASD + VSD
septal defects that allow for shunting of blood btw two sides of the heart
large ASD + VSDs allows oxygenated blood from the lungs to be shunted to the right atrium and mix w. deoxygenated blood
valvular stenosis or insufficiency/regurgitation
valvular stenosis is failure of a valve to open fully
valvular regurgitation failure of the valve to close fully
both cause turbulence w. vessel + increase workload on heart
prolapsed mitral valve
insufficient or incompetent where one or both leaflets are enlarged or floppy
blood regurgitates into the left atrium when ventricle contracts
characteristic murmur
aortic valve stenosis
results in LVH
caused by degenerative calcification
pulmonary valve stenosis
valve cusps are narrowed + fused forming a central dome opening
results in underdeveloped conus arteriosus causing restriction of the right ventricular outflow tract
