CSD 100 EXAM 1

Question 1

Communicate

Answer 1

any means by which individuals relate their wants, needs, thoughts, feelings, and knowledge to another person

Question 2

inner speech/ self-talk

Answer 2

the nearly constant internal monologue a person has with oneself at a conscious or semiconscious level that involves thinking in words; a convo with oneself

Question 3

language

Answer 3

a socially shared code or conventional system for representing concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols and rule-governed combinations of those symbols (sounds, letters, gestures)

Question 4

communication disorder

Answer 4

an impairment in the ability to receive, comprehend, or send messages, either verbally, nonverbally, or graphically

Question 5

linguistics

Answer 5

the study of the structure and function of language and the rules that govern language; includes the study of phonemes, morphemes, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics

Question 6

phonology

Answer 6

the study of speech sounds and the system of rules underlying sound production and sound combinations in the formation of words

Question 7

morphology

Answer 7

the study of the structure (form) of words

Question 8

syntax

Answer 8

the way in which words are put together in a sentence to convey meaning

Question 9

semantics

Answer 9

the study of meaning in language conveyed by words, phrases, and sentences

Question 10

pragmatics

Answer 10

the rules governing the use of language in social situations; the context

Question 11

literacy

Answer 11

the ability to communicate through written language, both reading and writing

Question 12

process (mental or cognitive)

Answer 12

the things individuals do with their brains that involve attention, perception, memory, ideation, imagination, belief, reasoning, use of language, volition, emotion; the process of thinking

Question 13

disorder

Answer 13

any loss of abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function that interferes with normal activities

Question 14

quality of life

Answer 14

a person’s standard of living, personal freedom, and the opportunity to pursue happiness

Question 15

prevalence

Answer 15

the estimated total number of individuals diagnosed with a particular disorder at a given time in a population

Question 16

incidence

Answer 16

the rate at which a disorder appears in the normal population over a period; typically 1 year

Question 17

congenital disorder

Answer 17

a disorder that is present at birth

Question 18

acquired disorder

Answer 18

a disorder that begins after an individual has developed normal communication abilities, such as hearing loss from a loud noise or a speech, language, or cognitive disorder caused by a traumatic brain injury

Question 19

functional disorder

Answer 19

a problem or impairment with no known anatomical, physiological, or neurological basis that may have behavioral or emotional causes or components

Question 20

organic disorder

Answer 20

a problem with a known anatomical, physiological, or neurological basis

Question 21

articulation disorder

Answer 21

the incorrect production of speech sounds due to faulty placement, timing, direction, pressure, speed, or integration of the movements of the mandible, lips, tongue, or velum

Question 22

language delay

Answer 22

an abnormal slowness in developing language skills that may result in incomplete language development

Question 23

language difference

Answer 23

variations in speech and language production that are the result of a person’s cultural, linguistic, and social environments

Question 24

stuttering (disfluency)

Answer 24

a disturbance in the normal flow and time patterning of speech

Question 25

cluttering

Answer 25

speech that is abnormally fast with omission of sounds and syllables of words, abnormal patterns of pausing and phrasing, and often spoken in bursts that may be unintelligible

Question 26

voice disorder

Answer 26

any deviation of loudness, pitch, or quality of voice that is outside the normal range of a person's age, gender, or background that interferes with communication

Question 27

resonance disorder

Answer 27

abnormal modification of the voice by passing/not passing through the nasal cavities during production of oral/nasal sounds (hypernasility/hyponasality)

Question 28

cognitive disorder

Answer 28

an impairment of attention, perception of stimuli, memory, reasoning, judgement, and problem solving

Question 29

cognitive-communication disorders

Answer 29

difficulty with any aspect of communication that is affected by disruption of cognition; commonly seen in individuals of all ages who have sustained a traumatic brain injury

Question 30

hearing impairment

Answer 30

abnormal or reduced function in hearing resulting from an auditory disorder

Question 31

what are the modalities of communication?

Answer 31

receiving communications: auditory, visual, tactile; sending communications: verbal, graphic, gestural

Question 32

what is oral/spoken language?

Answer 32

syllables + words organized into grammatical sentences

Question 33

what information does spoken language provide?

Answer 33

it gives content= meaning, and prosody= voice inflections which help listeners understand the intention of the message

Question 34

what are the components of language form?

Answer 34

phonemes, morphemes, syntax

Question 35

what are the components of language content?

Answer 35

semantics

Question 36

what are the components of language use

Answer 36

pragmatics