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CSD Final > CSD-final > Flashcards

CSD-final Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

incidence

A

New people identified
2-6 year range
Higher in preschool

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2
Q

Prevalence

A

Living with stutters
Cut off at 3 years
People recover

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3
Q

Persistent stuttering

A

Boys at higher risk
Start to stutter at 3.5 years

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4
Q

Typical disfluencies

A

Whole word repetitions
Interjections (umms)
Syllable repetition

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5
Q

what do stuttering like disfluencies do?

A

Affect rate and rhythm
Physical tension
Negative reactions
Avoidance of sounds

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6
Q

what are core behaviors?

A

Single syllables/ sound (b-b-b)
Whole word- but,but,but
Sound prolongations (ffffffine)
Blocks- can’t initiate sounds

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7
Q

Secondary Behaviors

A

Coughing
Tension, eye blinking
Escape- to stop stuttering
Avoid sounds or words that trigger stutter

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8
Q

2-3 AGE

A

Beginning
Sound and syllable repetition
Starts at beginning of sentences and phrases

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9
Q

6-13

A

Fear and avoidance appear
Stuttering to specific situations
Blocks more common

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10
Q

4-6

A

Stutter through entire sentence
Secondary behavior appear
Blocks appear

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11
Q

14+

A

Fearful anticipation of stuttering
Longer, tense blocks
Repetimos occur more rapidly

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12
Q

Psychogenetic theories

A

Debunked
Caused by psychological trauma
Neurotic symptoms

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13
Q

Learning theory

A

Learned response to condition external to individual

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14
Q

Diagnostic theory

A

Forcing orphans to stutter
Parents negative reaction to stuttering of child making them stutter more

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15
Q

Biological theories

A

Gray and white matter- larger corpus callosum
Atypical hemisphere asymmetry- larger Broca’s area in right hemisphere
Speech motor control- problem with speech motor planning

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16
Q

Dysphonia

A

Voice disorder

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17
Q

Aphonia

A

No voice

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18
Q

Diagnosis of voice disorders

A

Listening to voice
Examination of vocal cords
Measurements of voice parameters

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19
Q

Phonotrauma

A

Organic voice disorders
Overuse or misuse of voice

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20
Q

Abusive behaviors

A

Caffeine, alcohol, smoking
Yelling,

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21
Q

Vocal Nodules

A

Small, bilateral growth on inner edges of vocal cords
In pairs
Small mass-> develop into callous like texture
Cause breathiness

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22
Q

Vocal Polyps

A

Fluid filled lesions that develop when blood vessels rupture and swell
One side
Cause diplophonia- 2 pitches

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23
Q

Contact Ulcers

A

Swelling on the back of the vocal cords

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24
Q

Granuloma

A

Associated with acid reflex
Mass of tissue that grows over the top of ulcer when it starts to heal

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25
Muscle tension dysphonia
Tension of muscles in the neck/ head area Found more in females than males Strain voice
26
Puberphonia
Male who exhibits unusual high voice Juvenile VD- women with child like voice
27
Unilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis
Only on one side Injury to one side of larynx due to trauma Vocal cord becomes shorten when paralyzed Won’t make contact with other side Weak and breathy voice quality Vocal cord vibrates
28
Spasmodic Dysphonia
Rare Irregular voice spasms
29
Laryngeal cancer
More common on men Hoarse voice Removal of larynx if worse
30
Craneofacial disorders
Deviation from normal structure, form, or function in head and neck area
31
Embryological development- FACE
5-8 weeks of gestation Brains forms in week 3 2 mandibular process 1 frontal-nasal 2 maxillary process
32
Hard and soft palate
Fusion in week 8-12 Development of secondary secondary palate Bony hard palate and velum- join together from front to back
33
Cleft lip
If the frontonasal and the maxillary processes don’t fuse Unilateral or bilateral (one or both sides of lip) Partial- lip and nostril Complete- more than lip, affects speech
34
Cleft palate
Problem with development of palatal shelves or mandible Partial- affects soft palate Complete- no fusion
35
Velopharyngeal insuffiency
Not able to close velopharyngeal port Hypernasality
36
Nasal emission
Extra air coming out of where it shouldn’t be Obligatory errors- required due to lack of VP closure Compensatory errors- altered articulations due to lack of VP closure
37
Deglutition
Stages involves in the swallowing process
38
Oral Preparatory
Preparing the food or liquid to be swallowed
39
Oral transport
Move bolus to back of oral cavity to propel down throat Bolus pressed against hard palate VP port closes
40
Pharangeal
Bolus down throat to entrence of esophagus
41
Pharyngeal
VP closes so nothing goes into nasal Also the Laryngeal Muscles squeeze Bolus into the esophagus
42
Esophagus
Move Bolus through esophagus into stomach
43
Swallowing AGE
Utero- fluid Birth- sucking 6m- sucking thinker liquid 9m- soft food 2-3y- regular foods 60y- swallowing slows down
44
what can cause swallowing disorders
Stroke, brain injury Head and neck cancer Neurodegenerative (Parkinson’s disease
45
Videofluoroscopy
- modified barium swallow X- ray technique
46
FEES- flexible endoscopy
Camera inserted through nose
47
Ultrasound
Below chin
48
Sound
Compressions and rarefactions
49
Sine wave
Frequency
50
Pitch
Pitch increase as frequency increases
51
One Hertz
One cycle per second
52
A periodic and periodic waveform
Aperiodic- noise, pulse, ( continuous) Periodic- simple, complex
53
Anatomy of ear
Outer and middle ear- conductive Inner ear- sensorineural
54
Hearing
Translating energy that goes into ear that makes bone to vibrate
55
Outer ear
Pinna- outer ear of ear, collects sound, direct sound into cochlea Ear Canal- small opening inside pinna, some parts cartilage, other bone, protect eardrum Eardrum- boundary between outer and middle ear
56
Middle ear
Air filled cavity surrounded by small bones Malleus- attached to ear drum Incus- join the malleus bone to the stapes Stapes- final ossicle, attached to the cochlea
57
Tympanic muscles
Small muscles attached to the ossicles Tensor- attached to malleus and pulls on malleus Stapedius- attaches to neck of stapes, Automatic reflex- protects inner ear and cochlea fro, loud noises
58
Auditory tube (eustachian)
Bony tube opening near bottom of middle ear cavity Maintains middle ear pressure at normal levels
59
Inner ear
Semicircular canals- superior( Vertical), lateral( horizontal), posterior, sends signals to brain to tell where head is at Vestibule- entryway to cochlea, detects how much movements Cochlea- organ of hearing, spiral cavity filled with fluid, vibrations move fluid
60
Basilar Membrane
Shorter at one end, wider to other Recognizes pitches Cochlea uncoils when deformed by fluid .
61
Organ of corti
Basilar membrane at the roof Tectorial membrane- bottom
62
Audiology
Individuals with auditory and vesticular problems
63
Otoscopy
Inspection of pinna, ear canal, tympanic membrane
64
Tympanometry
Measure functions and movement of eardrum and middle ear Manipulate vibrations Tympanogram- diagram of middle ear
65
Pure tone audiometry
Find lowest intensity across frequency range that person can hear
66
Speech audiometry
How well a person can hear and understand speech
67
Hearing loss
Conductive- sound is not conducted properly through outer and middle ear Sensorineural- most common on adults, damage to outer or inner hair cells of cochlea Mixed- combo of permanent reduction and temporary hearing loss
68
BTE
Behind the ear Amplified sound sent through ear hook Severe to profound hearing loss
69
Custom hearing aid
In the ear- fills concha and part of ear canal In the canal- into ear canal and quarter of concha, less severe hearing loss Completely in the canal- people with mild hearing loss
70
Implants
Bone anchored- implanted in mastoid area behind ear, vibration of bone structures, conductive or mixed hearing loss, attached to skull allowing sound to be transferred to cochlea Middle ear- coupled to ossicles and bypasses ear canal, better background noise hearing Cochlear- severe to profound hearing loss, bypasses middle ear and most of cochlea and electronically stimulates auditory nerve

CSD Final (1 decks)

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