Csf

Question 1

What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Answer 1

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 2

What are the primary functions of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 2

The primary functions of cerebrospinal fluid are to cushion the brain and spinal cord, provide buoyancy, and remove waste products.

Question 3

True or False: CSF is produced in the ventricles of the brain.

Answer 3

True.

Question 4

What structure produces cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 4

The choroid plexus produces cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: CSF circulates through the ______ and ______ of the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 5

ventricles; subarachnoid space.

Question 6

How much cerebrospinal fluid is typically present in an adult human?

Answer 6

Approximately 150 milliliters of cerebrospinal fluid is typically present in an adult human.

Question 7

What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid in maintaining intracranial pressure?

Answer 7

Cerebrospinal fluid helps to maintain intracranial pressure by providing a cushion and allowing the brain to float.

Question 8

True or False: CSF is responsible for transporting oxygen to brain cells.

Answer 8

False.

Question 9

What is the normal pressure range for cerebrospinal fluid in a healthy adult?

Answer 9

The normal pressure range for cerebrospinal fluid is 70-150 mm H2O.

Question 10

Which condition is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of CSF in the brain?

Answer 10

Hydrocephalus.

Question 11

Name one method used to analyze cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 11

Lumbar puncture (spinal tap).

Question 12

What is the primary composition of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 12

Cerebrospinal fluid is primarily composed of water, electrolytes, proteins, and glucose.

Question 13

True or False: CSF contains red blood cells.

Answer 13

False.

Question 14

What is the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 14

The blood-brain barrier is a selective permeability barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the outermost layer of the meninges that encases the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 15

dura mater.

Question 16

What role does CSF play in nutrient transport?

Answer 16

CSF helps transport nutrients and remove waste products from the brain.

Question 17

What is the name of the space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater where CSF circulates?

Answer 17

Subarachnoid space.

Question 18

How often is cerebrospinal fluid replaced in the human body?

Answer 18

Cerebrospinal fluid is replaced approximately every 3 to 4 hours.

Question 19

True or False: Cerebrospinal fluid can be analyzed to diagnose neurological diseases.

Answer 19

True.

Question 20

What are the main electrolytes found in cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 20

Sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride.

Question 21

What is the primary route of absorption for cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 21

Arachnoid granulations (villi) absorb cerebrospinal fluid into the venous system.

Question 22

What is the role of CSF in brain homeostasis?

Answer 22

CSF helps maintain a stable environment for the brain by regulating pressure and chemical composition.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the innermost layer of the meninges that directly covers the brain.

Answer 23

pia mater.

Question 24

What is a common symptom of increased intracranial pressure?

Answer 24

Headache.

Question 25

True or False: CSF can be used to administer medication directly to the central nervous system.

Answer 25

True.

Question 26

What is the role of CSF in protecting the brain from trauma?

Answer 26

CSF acts as a shock absorber, cushioning the brain against impact.

Question 27

Name a diagnostic procedure that involves the collection of cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 27

Lumbar puncture.

Question 28

What is the primary function of the arachnoid mater?

Answer 28

The arachnoid mater acts as a protective layer and contains the subarachnoid space filled with CSF.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: Inflammation of the meninges is called ______.

Answer 29

meningitis.

Question 30

How does cerebrospinal fluid contribute to the immune defense of the central nervous system?

Answer 30

CSF contains immune cells and antibodies that help protect against infection.

Question 31

True or False: CSF is produced continuously throughout life.

Answer 31

True.

Question 32

What is the significance of the CSF glucose level in diagnosing diseases?

Answer 32

Abnormal CSF glucose levels can indicate infections, such as bacterial meningitis.

Question 33

What is a common test performed on CSF to check for infections?

Answer 33

Cell count and differential.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The ______ is a network of blood vessels in the ventricles that produces CSF.

Answer 34

choroid plexus.

Question 35

What is the main circulation pathway of CSF?

Answer 35

From the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle, then to the fourth ventricle and into the subarachnoid space.

Question 36

True or False: Cerebrospinal fluid is sterile in a healthy individual.

Answer 36

True.

Question 37

What can elevated protein levels in CSF indicate?

Answer 37

Elevated protein levels can indicate conditions like multiple sclerosis or infections.

Question 38

What is the condition called when there is a decrease in CSF production?

Answer 38

Cerebrospinal fluid leak.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the middle layer of the meninges.

Answer 39

arachnoid mater.

Question 40

What imaging technique is often used to visualize CSF spaces?

Answer 40

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).

Question 41

True or False: CSF can be affected by tumors in the central nervous system.

Answer 41

True.

Question 42

What is the typical appearance of cerebrospinal fluid in a healthy individual?

Answer 42

Clear and colorless.

Question 43

How is CSF involved in the central nervous system's response to injury?

Answer 43

CSF helps clear debris and inflammatory cells after injury.

Question 44

What can the presence of bacteria in CSF indicate?

Answer 44

Bacterial meningitis or an infection.

Question 45

Fill in the blank: CSF is essential for ______ and ______ of the brain.

Answer 45

protection; nourishment.

Question 46

What is the function of the ependymal cells in the ventricles?

Answer 46

Ependymal cells line the ventricles and help produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 47

True or False: CSF can help diagnose neurological conditions through analysis.

Answer 47

True.

Question 48

What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid in thermoregulation of the brain?

Answer 48

CSF helps to dissipate heat and maintain temperature stability in the brain.

Question 49

What can a low CSF white blood cell count indicate?

Answer 49

A low CSF white blood cell count can indicate a healthy state or absence of infection.

Question 50

Fill in the blank: CSF is absorbed into the ______ system through arachnoid granulations.

Answer 50

venous.

Question 51

What is the significance of CSF analysis in diagnosing multiple sclerosis?

Answer 51

CSF analysis can reveal oligoclonal bands, which are indicative of multiple sclerosis.

Question 52

True or False: CSF can be influenced by systemic diseases.

Answer 52

True.

Question 53

What are the intended learning outcomes for the cerebrospinal fluid lecture?

Answer 53

Discuss comprehensively the cerebrospinal fluid in terms of formation, composition, and functions. Explain thoroughly the proper patient preparation, collection, transport and handling of CSF. Distinguish correctly the different laboratory procedures for cerebrospinal fluid examinations and correlate the results clinically. Differentiate CSF caused by intracranial hemorrhage and a traumatic tap. Define and state the significance of xanthochromia. Describe the quality control and precautions related to CSF.

Question 54

What is the central nervous system composed of?

Answer 54

The brain and the spinal cord.

Question 55

What are the three layers of membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord called?

Answer 55

Meninges.

Question 56

What is the outermost membrane of the meninges?

Answer 56

Dura mater.

Question 57

What is the middle membrane of the meninges?

Answer 57

Arachnoid mater.

Question 58

What is the innermost membrane of the meninges?

Answer 58

Pia mater.

Question 59

What are ependymal cells?

Answer 59

Epithelial cells that line several structures of the CNS, including the cerebral ventricle and the neural canal of the spinal cord.

Question 60

What do choroidal cells form with the endothelium of capillaries?

Answer 60

Blood-brain barrier.

Question 61

What is the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 61

A barrier formed by tight-fitting junctures of endothelial cells in the choroid plexuses that prevents the passage of many molecules.

Question 62

Where is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced?

Answer 62

In the choroid plexuses of the third and fourth ventricles.

Question 63

What is the rate of CSF production in adults?

Answer 63

20 ml/hour or 500 ml/day.

Question 64

What is the total CSF volume in adults?

Answer 64

90-150 ml.

Question 65

What are the main functions of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 65

Cushion the brain and spinal cord, supply nutrients to the nervous tissue, waste removal, maintain homeostasis.

Question 66

What substances are found in cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 66

Water, chloride, CO2, creatinine, glucose, urea, and lipid-soluble substances.

Question 67

What is the most common method for collecting CSF?

Answer 67

Lumbar/spinal tap.

Question 68

What is the most common site for lumbar puncture in adults?

Answer 68

Between the third, fourth, or fifth lumbar vertebrae.

Question 69

What is the normal opening pressure for CSF in adults?

Answer 69

90 to 180 mmHg.

Question 70

What is the order of testing for CSF if only one tube is collected?

Answer 70

Micro, Hema, CC/Sero (MHC).

Question 71

What are indications for lumbar puncture?

Answer 71

Infections, hemorrhage, neurologic disease, and tumors.

Question 72

What are contraindications for lumbar puncture?

Answer 72

Septicemia, systemic infections, localized lumbar puncture.

Question 73

What is the normal appearance of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 73

Clear, colorless, and viscosity similar to water.

Question 74

What does xanthochromic CSF indicate?

Answer 74

Old hemorrhage or traumatic tap.

Question 75

What does a clotted CSF sample indicate?

Answer 75

Blockage to CSF circulation.