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AUB LEC MIDTERM > CSF > Flashcards

CSF Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

is a major fluid of the body

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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2
Q

CSF provides physicians with a tool
by which to evaluate the

A

central nervous system

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3
Q

CSF Function:

A

*supply nutrients to the nervous tissue
*remove metabolic wastes
*produce a mechanical barrier to cushion the
brain and spinal cord against trauma

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4
Q

Brain and spinal cord are lined with

A

meninges

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5
Q

Lines the skull and vertebral canal

A

Dura mater

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6
Q

filamentous; spider like

A

Arachnoid

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7
Q

thin membrane lining the surfaces of the brain and spinal cord

A

Pia mater

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8
Q

tight-fitting structure of the endothelial cells in the choroid plexuses is termed the

A

blood brain barrier

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9
Q

capillary networks that form the
CSF from plasma by mechanisms of selective filtration under
hydrostatic pressure and active transport secretion

A

choroid plexus

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10
Q

In adults, approximately ______ of fluid is
produced every hour.

A

20 mL

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11
Q

The procedure for obtaining CSF is known as a

A

Lumbar puncture

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12
Q

_____ is slowly removed into three or
four sterile tubes that are numbered sequentially

A

10–20 mL of CSF

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13
Q

If only one tube can be collected, it must be tested first in the

A

microbiology

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14
Q

Tube 1
Tube 2
Tube 3
Tube 4

A
  1. Chemical chemistry
  2. Microbiology
  3. Hematology
  4. Microbiology
    and additional
    serologic test
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15
Q

CSF appearance

A

a. crystal clear
b. hazy, turbid, milky, cloudy
c. bloody
d. clotted

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16
Q

bloody significance

A
  • Hemorrhage
  • Traumatic tap
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17
Q

Xanthochromic causes

A
  • Hemoglobin
  • bilirubin
  • carotein
  • protein
  • melanin
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18
Q

hemoglobin significance

A
  • Old hemorrhage
  • Lysed cells from traumatic tap
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19
Q

Bilirubin significance

A

RBC degradation
Elevated serum bilirubin level

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20
Q

Carotein significance

A

increased serum levels

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21
Q

Protein significance

A

disorders affecting blood brain barrier

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22
Q

melanin significance

A

meningeal melanosarcoma

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23
Q

Bloody CSF can be indication of:

A
  • Intracranial haemorrhage
  • Puncture of blood vessel during spinal tap (Traumatic tap)
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24
Q

All diluents should be checked _____ for contamination

A

biweekly

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25
If nondisposable counting chambers are used, they must be soaked in a _____ for at least _____ then thoroughly rinsed with water and cleaned with ____ after each use.
bactericidal solution 15 minutes isopropyl alcohol
26
process to concentrate specimen
sedimentation, filtration, centrifugation, and cytocentrifugation.
27
If <100 cells counted
report only the numbers of the cell types seen
28
Lymphocytes Clinical Significance
* Normal * Viral, tubercular, and fungal meningitis * Multiple sclerosis
29
Neutrophils Clinical Significance
* Bacterial meningitis * Early cases of viral, tubercular, and fungal meningitis
30
Monocyte Clinical Significance
* Normal * Viral, tubercular, and fungal meningitis * Multiple sclerosis
31
Macrophages Clinical Significance
RBCs in spinal fluid Contrast media
32
Blast forms Clinical Significance
Acute leukemia
33
Plasma cells Clinical Significance
* Multiple sclerosis Lymphocyte reactions
34
NONPATHOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT CELLS
CHOROIDAL CELLS EPENDYMAL CELLS SPINDLE SHAPED CELLS
35
MALIGNANT CELLS HEMATOLOGIC:
LYMPHOBLAST MYELOBLAST MONOBLAST LYMPHOMA CELLS
36
MALIGNANT CELLS NONHEMATOLOGIC:
ASTROCYTOMA RETINOBLASTOMA MEDULLOBLASTOMA
37
Choroidal cells are from
epithelial lining of the choroid plexus.
38
Ependymal cells are from
lining of the ventricles and neural canal.
39
Spindle-shaped cells are from
lining cells from the arachnoid.
40
CSF PROTEINS normal value
15 to 45 mg/dL
41
CSF PROTEINS increased in
Damage to BBB (Meningitis, Hemorrhage) Production of Igs in CNS (Multiple Sclerosis)
42
CSF proteins decreased in
CSF Leakage
43
Major CSF protein
Albumin
44
2nd most major protein
Prealbumin
45
Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin
tau protein
46
NOT FOUND IN CSF:
lgM, Fibrinogen and Lipids
47
unique to CSF
Tau protein
48
–protein component of lipid-protein complex that insulates the nerve fibers
Myelin basic protein
49
Glucose normal value
60% to 70% of the plasma glucose
50
bacterial clin sig
dec. glucose + inc. neutrophils
51
tubular clin sig
dec. glucose + inc. lymphocyte
52
viral clin sig
normal glucose inc lymphocytes
53
Destruction of tissue within the CNS owing to oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) causes the production of increased CSF lactic acid levels.
Lactate
54
Lactate normal value
10-24 mg/dl
55
Glutamine normal value
8-18 mg/dl
56
GRam positive cocci
Streptococcus pneumoniae
57
Gram neg rods
Haemophilus influenzae Escherichia coli
58
gram neg cocci
Neisseria meningitidis
59
Birth to 1 month CA
S. agalactiae
60
1 month to 5 y/o CA
H. influenza
61
5 to 29 y/o CA
N. meningitides
62
>29 y/o CA
S. pneumonia
63
Infants, elderly, immunocompromised CA
L. monocytogenes
64
WBC in bacterial
Neutrophils
65
WBC in viral
Lymphocytes
66
WBC in tubular
Lymphocytes and monocytes
67
WBC in fungal
Lymphocytes and monocytes
68
tests to detect the presence of C. neoformans antigen in serum and CSF provide a more sensitive method than the India ink preparation
Latex agglutination test
69
can provide a rapid method for detecting C. neoformans
lateral flow assay
70
(LAF) reagent strip coated with monoclonal antibodies that react with the cryptococcal polysaccharide capsule
lateral flow assay
71
does not appear to be as sensitive to N. meningitidis
Bacterial antigen test (BAT)
72
test for neurosyphilis
Venereal Disease Research Laboratories (VDRL)-
73
test for syphilis
fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS)
74
not recommended because it is less sensitive than the VDRL
* rapid plasma regain (RPR)

AUB LEC MIDTERM (6 decks)

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