csp spring final study

Question 1

📘 Unit 11: The Internet

Question 2

Internet – A global network connecting millions of computers.

Question 3

Protocol – A set of rules for how devices communicate over a network.

Question 4

IP Address – A unique string of numbers used to identify a device on the internet.

Question 5

DNS (Domain Name System) – Translates domain names (like google.com) into IP addresses.

Question 6

TCP/IP – Core internet protocols that manage data transmission and address routing.

Question 7

Packet – A small piece of data sent over the internet.

Question 8

Router – Forwards data packets between networks.

Question 9

Bandwidth – The maximum data transfer rate of a network.

Question 10

Latency – The delay between sending and receiving data.

Question 11

Redundancy – Multiple pathways or backups in a system to prevent failure.

Question 12

Fault Tolerance – A system’s ability to continue operating even when part of it fails.

Question 13

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Question 16

📘 Unit 13: Data and Information

Question 17

Data – Raw facts without context.

Question 18

Information – Organized data with meaning.

Question 19

Binary – The language of computers using 0s and 1s.

Question 20

Bit – Smallest unit of data (0 or 1).

Question 21

Byte – A group of 8 bits.

Question 22

Data Compression – Reducing the size of data to save space or time.

Question 23

Lossless Compression – No data lost; original can be perfectly reconstructed.

Question 24

Lossy Compression – Some data lost; not reversible.

Question 25

Metadata – Data about data (e.g.

Answer 25

file size

Question 26

CSV File – A plain text file with data separated by commas.

Question 27

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Question 30

📘 Unit 14: Cybersecurity

Question 31

Cybersecurity – Protecting computer systems from digital threats.

Question 32

Phishing – Fake emails or messages used to trick users into giving up information.

Question 33

Malware – Harmful software designed to damage or infiltrate computers.

Question 34

Ransomware – Malware that locks data and demands payment to unlock.

Question 35

Firewall – Security system that filters incoming/outgoing data.

Question 36

Encryption – Scrambling data to keep it secure.

Question 37

Decryption – Turning encrypted data back into readable form.

Question 38

CIA Triad – Model for security: Confidentiality

Answer 38

Integrity

Question 39

Confidentiality – Ensuring only authorized access to data.

Question 40

Integrity – Keeping data accurate and unaltered.

Question 41

Availability – Ensuring access to systems/data when needed.

Question 42

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Question 45

📘 Unit 0A: Problem Solving & Computing

Question 46

Algorithm – Step-by-step instructions to solve a problem.

Question 47

Iteration – Repeating steps in a program.

Question 48

Sequencing – The order of operations in a program.

Question 49

Abstraction – Removing unnecessary detail to focus on essential parts.

Question 50

Top-down Design – Breaking a problem into smaller parts.

Question 51

Prototype – Early model used to test a concept or process.

Question 52

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Question 55

📘 Unit 0G: Digital Communication & Collaboration

Question 56

Digital Tool – Software that helps people collaborate (e.g.

Answer 56

Google Docs).

Question 57

Version Control – Tracking and managing changes to code or documents.

Question 58

Documentation – Written description of what a program does.

Question 59

Code Commenting – Notes in code explaining what each part does.

Question 60

Collaboration – Working together to solve problems or build software.

Question 61

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Question 64

📘 Unit 12: Algorithms and Programming

Question 65

Variable – A named value that can change during a program.

Question 66

Boolean Expression – A true/false condition used in decisions.

Question 67

If Statement – Code that runs only when a condition is true.

Question 68

Loop – Repeats a section of code (e.g.

Answer 68

for loop

Question 69

Function – Reusable code block that performs a task.

Question 70

Parameter – Input passed into a function.

Question 71

Return Value – The output from a function.

Question 72

Debugging – Finding and fixing errors in code.

Question 73

Syntax Error – Mistake in the structure of code.

Question 74

Logic Error – Code runs but doesn’t do what’s expected.

Question 75

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Question 78

📘 Unit 15: Computing Systems and Networks

Question 79

Computing System – Devices and software working together.

Question 80

Input Device – Sends information to a computer (e.g.

Answer 80

keyboard

Question 81

Output Device – Sends information from a computer to a user (e.g.

Answer 81

monitor).

Question 82

Storage Device – Saves data permanently or temporarily (e.g.

Answer 82

hard drive).

Question 83

Computer Network – Devices connected to share data.

Question 84

Client – A device that requests data from a server.

Question 85

Server – A system that provides data or services to other devices.

Question 86

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Question 89

📘 Unit 16: Impact of Computing

Question 90

Digital Divide – The gap between people with and without access to technology.

Question 91

Computing Innovation – New inventions using computing to solve problems.

Question 92

Bias in Computing – When algorithms reflect human prejudice or inequalities.

Question 93

Crowdsourcing – Getting data or ideas from a large group of people.

Question 94

Open Source Software – Software anyone can use

Answer 94

modify

Question 95

Intellectual Property – Creations of the mind protected by law (e.g.

Answer 95

code

Question 96

Fair Use – Limited use of copyrighted material without permission.