CSS

Question 1

What are the names of the individual pieces of a CSS rule?

Answer 1

Start of a new CSS rule set:
[selector] { start of declaration block
property : value ;
} end of declaration block

Question 2

In CSS, how do you select elements by their class attribute?

Answer 2

To select an element by their class attribute you preface the class name with a .

Question 3

In CSS, how do you select elements by their tag name?

Answer 3

To select an element by its tag name you just use the tag name as the selector

Question 4

In CSS, how do you select an element by its id attribute?

Answer 4

To select an element by their id attribute you preface the id name with a #

Question 5

Name three different types of values you can use to specify colors in CSS.

Answer 5

Color Name - e.g. White, Black, Blue

Hex Code - e.g. #ffffff

RGB Value - e.g. rgb(255 255 255);

Question 6

What CSS properties make up the box model?

Answer 6

The content (length and width)
Padding (space between content and border)
Border
Margin (space between border and other boxes)

Question 7

Which CSS property pushes boxes away from each other?

Answer 7

The margin property

Question 8

Which CSS property add space between a box’s content and its border?

Answer 8

The padding property

Question 9

What is a pseudo-class?

Answer 9

A pseudo class is a keyword added to selector that specifies a special state of the selected element. Pseudo-classes let you apply a style to an element not only in relation to the content of the document tree, but also in relation to external factors e.g. :hover (when element is hovered) :active (when the element is in use such as a click)

Question 10

What are CSS pseudo-classes useful for?

Answer 10

CSS pseudo-classes are useful for providing feedback to the user (e.g. form elements [buttons active/inactive states] or hyperlinks [visited or not])

Question 11

Name two types of units that can be used to adjust font-size in CSS.

Answer 11

Pixels (px), Ems (em), and percentages (%)

Question 12

What CSS property controls the font used for the text inside an element?

Answer 12

Font-family property

Question 13

What is the default flex-direction of a flex container?

Answer 13

The default flex-direction of a flex container is row

Question 14

What is the default flex-wrap of a flex container?

Answer 14

The default flex-wrap of a flex container is no-wrap

Question 15

Why do two div elements “vertically stack” on one another by default?

Answer 15

Divs are block elements which do not allow any other elements to be on the same line as them.

Question 16

What is the default flex-direction of an element with display: flex?

Answer 16

The default flex-direction is row.

Question 17

What is the default value for the position property of HTML elements?

Answer 17

The default value for position is static.

Question 18

How does setting position: relative on an element affect document flow?

Answer 18

The document flow stays the same as the element still takes up the space it would normally occupy.

Question 19

How does setting position: relative on an element affect where it appears on the page?

Answer 19

The element moves based on where it was supposed to be.

Question 20

How does setting position: absolute on an element affect document flow?

Answer 20

Position absolute removes an element from normal document flow.

Question 21

How does setting position: absolute on an element affect where it appears on the page?

Answer 21

The element will appear where it would normally but it may overlap or be overlapped by any elements that will go to occupy its space when it was removed from document flow.

Question 22

How do you constrain an absolutely positioned element to a containing block?

Answer 22

You set the containing block to position relative.

Question 23

What are the four box offset properties

Answer 23

Top, right, bottom, left

Question 24

What are the four components of “the Cascade”.

Answer 24

Source Order, Specificity, Inheritance, !Importance

Question 25

What does the term “source order” mean with respect to CSS?

Answer 25

Source Order is the order the code is listed in the css file. The most recently added code is what is applied (the code lower on the css file)

Question 26

How is it possible for the styles of an element to be applied to its children as well without an additional CSS rule?

Answer 26

Inheritance will apply a style of an element to its children if there is no additional CSS rule for the same style added to the child

Question 27

List the three selector types in order of increasing specificity.

Answer 27

Type - Class - ID

Question 28

Why is using !important considered bad practice?

Answer 28

!important reverses the cascade order for style sheets. It forces a styling to an element.

Question 29

What does the transform property do?

Answer 29

It allows you to move elements along the x, y, and z axes. You can rotate, skew, angle… elements

Question 30

Give four examples of CSS transform functions.

Answer 30

rotate - spins an image clockwise (negative value for counter clockwise)
translate - moves an image horizontally and vertically
scale - resizes an image on a 2D plane (can also flatten/stretch images)
skew - resizes/shapes an element on a diagonal plane
matrix -

Question 31

The transition property is shorthand for which four CSS properties?

Answer 31

transition-property, transition-duration, transition-timing-function, and transition-delay

Question 32

Give two examples of media features that you can query in an @media rule.

Answer 32

Width, min-width, height, orientation

Question 33

Which HTML meta tag is used in mobile-responsive web pages?

Answer 33

The viewport meta tag

Question 34

What is a breakpoint in responsive Web design?

Answer 34

A breakpoint is a spot where the web page should change its styling. Often this is used for styling for different sized screens (mobile, tablet, or desktop)

Question 35

What is the advantage of using a percentage (e.g. 50%) width instead of a fixed (e.g. px) width for a “column” class in a responsive layout?

Answer 35

Using a % allows the content to scale with the size of the page

Question 36

If you introduce CSS rules for a smaller min-width after the styles for a larger min-width in your style sheet, the CSS rules for the smaller min-width will “win”. Why is that?

Answer 36

Because of CSS cascade (source order) the “newest” ruleset (closest to the bottom) will be applied over previous rules