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CT Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

proposed a method to represent a single slice of the body on the radiographic film (topography)

A

Allesandro Vallebona

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2
Q

first demonstrated CT technique

A

Godfrey Newboid Hounsfield

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3
Q

1st CT scan Machine; 180 translation/ 1 degree rotation

A

EMI Scanner

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4
Q

1st CT system that could make an images of any part of the body; did not require water tank

A

ACTA

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5
Q

slice/section

A

tomos

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6
Q

produces sagittal and coronal images

A

axial tomography

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7
Q

produces transverse images

A

computed tomography

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8
Q

it refers to movement of source-detector assembly across the px; results in a projection

A

translation or sweep

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9
Q

represents the attenuation pattern of the px profile

A

projection

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10
Q

has a pencil beam and one detector; 5 mins scan time

A

1st Generation CT

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11
Q

has a narrow fan beam and has multiple detectors; bow tie filter

A

second generation CT

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12
Q

has a wide fan beam

A

third generation CT

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13
Q

with a detector ring

A

fourth generation CT

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14
Q

electron beam CT

A

fifth generation CT

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15
Q

helical (spiral) CT

A

sixth generation CT

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16
Q

multidetector row CT

A

seventh generation CT

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17
Q

3 major components CT

A
  1. Gantry
  2. Operating Console
  3. Computer
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18
Q

Gantry subsystems

A
  1. x-ray tube
  2. detector array
  3. HVG
  4. px couch
  5. mechanical support
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19
Q

group of detectors

A

detector array

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20
Q

gas detectors

A
  1. proportional counter
  2. ionization chamber
  3. geiger-muller counter
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21
Q

scintillation detectors

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A
  1. sodium iodide
  2. BGO, CsI
  3. CdWO4; special ceramics
22
Q

photodiode

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A

converts light into electrical signal

23
Q

3 factors; Detector efficiency

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A
  1. geometric efficiency
  2. conversion efficiency
  3. quantum efficiency
24
Q

area of the detectors sensitive to radiation as a fraction of the total exposed area

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A

geometric efficiency

25
ability to accurately convert absorbed x-ray signal to electrical signal
conversion efficiency
26
fraction of incident x-rays on the detector are absorbed and contribute to the measured signal
quantum efficiency
27
refers to the ability with which the detector obtains photons that have passed through the px
capture efficiency
28
refers to the number of photons absorbed by the detector
absorption efficiency
29
ratio of maximum signal to minimal signal the detectors can measure
dynamic range
30
DAS consists of:
amplifier ADC multiplexer preamplifier logarithmic integrator
31
px couch is made of
carbon fiber
31
collimation purpose
1. reduce px dose 2. improve image contrast
32
to decrease px dose
prepx collimator
33
to improve image contrast
predetector collimator
34
heart of the computer
microprocessor and primary memory
35
electromechanical device that conducts electricity and electrical signals thru rings and brushes
slip ring
36
made of silver graphite alloy; used as sliding contact
brushes
37
picture element
pixel
38
volume element
voxel
39
the numeric information contained in each pixel
CT Number/ Hounsfield Units
40
rows and columns of pixels contained in digital image
Matrix
41
the diameter of the image reconstruction
FOV
42
principal algorithm used in CT scan
Filtered back projection
43
3 3D MPR algorithms
"SM" SSD (shaded surface display) SVD (shaded volume display) MIP (maximum intensity projection)
44
5 principal characteristics of CT image
1. SR 2. CR 3. noise 4. linearity 5. uniformity
45
factors affecting SR
1. PS 2. ST 3. VS 4. design of prepx and predetector collimator 5. DS
46
physics based artifacts
1. beam hardening 2. partial volume 3. photon starvation 4. undersampling
47
beam hardening artifacts
"sc" streaking artifact cupping artifact occurs at bone and metal implants compensation: beam hardening correction
48
partial volume artifacts "pva"
critical region: posterior cranial fossa compensation: thin slice selection/incrementation
49
patient-based artifacts
"IM" incomplete projection motion metallic materials
50
scanned based artifact
ring artifact
51
helical and MS artifacts
cone beam = helical stair-step = MSCT Zebra or windmill = MSCT

CT (1 decks)

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