ct

Question 1

provides a matrix that supports and physically
connects other tissues and cells together to form the
organs of the body

Answer 1

CT

Question 2

CT major constituent is the

Answer 2

extracellular matrix (ECM)
which consist of protein fibers and ground
substance

Question 3

CT o originate from
,

Answer 3

o originate from embryonic mesenchyme,

Question 4

CT originate from embryonic mesenchyme,

Answer 4

embryonic mesenchyme,

Question 5

a tissue developing mainly from the middle layer of
the embryo

Answer 5

mesenchymnme

Question 6

o produce and maintain most of the tissue’s
extracellular components.
o the key cells in connective tissue proper
o originate locally from mesenchymal cells and are
permanent residents of connective tissue.
o Synthesize and secrete collagen

Answer 6

fibroblast

Question 7

o the most common cells in connective tissue proper

Answer 7

fibroblast

Question 8

macrophages, plasma cells, and mast cells, originate from

Answer 8

hematopoietic stem cells

Question 9

o abundant and irregularly branched cytoplasm,
o Ovoid nucleus, large and pale staining w/ fine
chromatin
o Larger cell
o Euchromatic nucleus

Answer 9

active fibroblast

Question 10

o “fibrocyte”
o smaller than the active fibroblast
o acidophilic cytoplasm
o a darker, elongated, more heterochromatic nucleus
o smaller spindle shape

Answer 10

Quiescent Cell

Question 11

• Active Chromatin
• Pale Stain

Answer 11

euchromatin

Question 12

• Inactive Chromatin
• Darker Stain

Answer 12

HETEROCHROMATIN

Question 13

o Targets fibroblast
o influence cell growth and differentiation.

Answer 13

growth factors

Question 14

o Fibroblasts involved in wound healing
o have a well-developed contractile function
and are enriched with a form of actin also
found in smooth muscle cells.

Answer 14

myofubroblast

Question 15

o Also from Mesenchymal
o “fat cell”
o found in the connective tissue of many organs.

Answer 15

adiipocyte

Question 16

o specialized for cytoplasmic storage of lipid as
neutral fats, or for the production of heat.
o Nucleus pushed to the side

Answer 16

adipocyte

Question 17

o Tissue with a large population of
adipocytes
o serves to cushion and insulate the
skin and other organs

Answer 17

adipose CT

Question 18

have highly developed phagocytic ability and
specialize in turnover of protein fibers and removal
of apoptotic cells, tissue debris, or other particulate
material, being especially abundant at sites of
inflammation.

Answer 18

MACROPHAGE

Question 19

are large oval or irregularly shaped cells of
connective tissue

Answer 19

MAST CELL

Question 20

Has a characteristics of metachromasia, which
means that they can change the color of some basic
dyes from blue to purple or red.

Answer 20

MAST CELL

Question 21

o Blue color due to many basophilic granules which
contains heparin
o Function for inflammatory and tissue repair
o Release bioactive substances

Answer 21

MAST CELL

Question 22

o a sulfated GAG that acts locally as an anticoagulant

Answer 22

HEPARIN

Question 23

promotes increased vascular permeability and
smooth muscle contraction

Answer 23

Histamine

Question 24

✓ Serine proteases

Answer 24

o which activate various mediators of inflammation

Question 25

Are polypeptides directing activities of leukocytes and other cells of the immune system

Answer 25

Cytokine

Question 25

✓ Eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic factors

Answer 25

o which attract leukocytes

Question 26

are converted to prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and other important lipid mediators of the inflammatory response.

Answer 26

✓ Phospholipid precursors

Question 27

mast cells that are especially numerous near the small blood vessels in skin and mesenteries

Answer 27

➢ Perivascular Mast Cell

Question 28

Mast cells in the tissue that lines digestive and respiratory tracts

Answer 28

➢ Mucosal Mast Cell

Question 29

Also known as allergic reaction which is inhibited after the release of certain chemical mediators stored in mast cells

Answer 29

➢ Immediate hypersensitivity reaction

Question 30

o large, ovoid cells have basophilic cytoplasm o pale nucleus, spherical and eccentric o clock face nucleus appearance o nucleus has heterochromatin and euchromatin region o 10-20 days life span

Answer 30

PLASMA CELL

Question 31

o Derived from Lymphocyte

Answer 31

PLASMA CELL

Question 32

o comprise a population of wandering cells in connective tissue. o Migrate from blood vessels via ?????? o They function in connective tissue, don’t return to blood and then undergo ???? o Found between endothelial cell o Abundant in ????? tissue of ????

Answer 32

LEUKOCYTE Via diapedesis Undergo apoptosis Abundant in CT of digestive tract

Question 33

o elongated structures formed from proteins that polymerize after secretion from fibroblasts

Answer 33

FIBER

Question 34

o Most abundant fibers o constitute a family of proteins selected during evolution for their ability to form various extracellular fibers, sheets, and networks, o extremely strong and resistant to normal shearing and tearing forces. o key element of all connective tissues, as well as epithelial basement membranes and the external laminae of muscle and nerve cells. o major product of fibroblasts o family of 28 collagens

Answer 34

COllagen

Question 35

4 GRPS OF COLLAGEN

Answer 35

4 Groups: fibril forming, fibril associated, anchoring fibril, network forming

Question 36

o Forms structure as tendons, organs, capsules and dermis

Answer 36

FIBRIL FORMING COLLAGEN

Question 37

o Bind the surface of collagen fibrils to the components of ECM

Answer 37

Fibril Associated

Question 38

o Bind Basal Lamina

Answer 38

Anchoring Fibril

Question 39

o Assemble in meshwork o Constitutes a major structural component of basal lamina

Answer 39

NETWOEK FORMING

Question 40

o consist mainly of collagen type III, which forms an extensive network of thin fibers o support of many different cells. o Very thin o Found associated with hematopoietic tissue (blood forming cells)

Answer 40

RETICULAR FIBERS

Question 41

o thinner than the type I collagen fibers and form sparse networks interspersed with collagen bundles in many organs o seen in walls of blood vessels o has elastin that can bend or stretch fibers o ability to stretch but not elasticity o have rubberlike properties that allow tissue containing these fibers, such as the stroma of the lungs, to be stretched or distended and return to their original shape o o a composite of fibrillin, which forms a network of microfibrils, embedded in a larger mass of cross linked elastin

Answer 41

ELASTIN FIBERS

Question 42

Transparent and rich in water o Act as both lubricant and barrier o allows diffusion of small molecules

Answer 42

GROUND SUBSTANCE

Question 43

3 CLASS OF GROUND SUBSTANCE

Answer 43

Has 3 classes : GAGs, :Proteoglycans, Multi adhesive glycoprotein

Question 44

long polymers of repeating disaccharide units, usually a hexosamine and uronic acid.

Answer 44

GAGs

Question 45

- also known as hyaluronic acid are the largest GAG located and synthesized in golgi

Answer 45

Hyaluronan

Question 46

have attached GAGs that often comprise a greater mass than the polypeptide core

Answer 46

Proteoglycans

Question 47

proteoglycan has Has 4 main GAGs: d

Answer 47

ermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfates, keratan sulfate, and heparan sulfate

Question 48

- key proteoglycan in all basal laminae.

Answer 48

Perlecan

Question 49

very large, having a core protein heavily bound with chondroitin and keratan sulfate chains

Answer 49

- Aggrecan

Question 50

o Have more proteins than sugar o have multiple binding sites (multiadhesive) for cell surface integrins and for other matrix macromolecules.

Answer 50

➢ Multiadhesive glycoprotein

Question 51

- with binding sites for integrins, type IV collagen and providing adhesion for epithelial and other cells providing adhesion for epithelial and other cells.

Answer 51

Laminin

Question 52

- a 235-270 kDa dimer synthesized largely by fibroblasts, with binding sites for collagens and certain GAGs, and forms insoluble fibrillar networks throughout connective tissue

Answer 52

Fibronectin

Question 53

of the blood caused by the pumping action of the heart, which forces water out across the capillary wall T

Answer 53

hydrostatic pressure

Question 54

produced by plasma proteins such as albumin, which draws water back into the capillaries

Answer 54

Colloid osmotic pressure

Question 55

Function as structural (bone), Transportation (blood, lymph), Protection (cartilage and bone), storage of energy (adipose), protection from microorganism (diff. type of cells)

Answer 55

ct

Question 56

ct types

Answer 56

Has 5 classifications: Connective tissue proper, fluid, support, embryonic, adipose

Question 57

broadly classified as “loose” or “dense” (according to arrangement of collagen present/)

Answer 57

ct proper

Question 58

Also called areolar tissue - - - - Thick layer (lamina propria) forming a layer beneath the epithelial lining of many organs and filling the spaces between fibers of muscle and nerve contains cells, fibers, and ground substance in roughly equal parts delicate consistency, flexible and not very resistant to stress. Equally, randomed cells (fibroblast), fiber (collagen), and ground substance

Answer 58

loose ct

Question 59

has similar components as loose connective tissue, but with fewer cells, mostly fibroblasts, and a clear predominance of bundled type I collagen fibers over ground substance - - protects organs and strengthens them structurally. Tight or close arrange

Answer 59

dense Connective Tissue -

Question 60

bundles of collagen fibers appear randomly interwoven - - - no definite orientation. Provides resistance to stress from all directions. Example include the deep dermis layer of skin and capsules surrounding most organs.

Answer 60

dense irrreg ct

Question 61

consists mostly of type I collagen bundles and fibroblasts aligned in parallel - -

Answer 61

dense regular connective tissue -

Question 62

characterized by abundant fibers of type III collagen known as reticulin which supports various types of cells. o their loose disposition provides a framework with specialized microenvironments for cells in hemopoietic tissue and some lymphoid organs

Answer 62

reticular tissue

Question 63

o Mucus connective tissue o Embryonic type o principal component of the fetal umbilical cord o gelatinous, with sparse collagen fibers and scattered fibroblasts o similar to the tissue found in the vitreous chambers of eyes and pulp cavities of young teeth.

Answer 63

Mucoid Tissue

Question 64

2 type of adi[pose

Answer 64

white and brown

Question 66

3 main type of fiber

Answer 66

o 3 main types: collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers.

Question 67

o Responsible in secreting antibodies

Answer 67

Plasma cell

Question 68

Also occurs as fenestrated sheets called

Answer 68

elastic lamellae

Question 69

o Type I, II, III, V, XI

Answer 69

Fibril forming

Question 70

o Type IX, XIII, XIV

Answer 70

Fibril associated

Question 71

o Type VII, IX, XII, XIX

Answer 71

Anchoring fibril

Question 72

o also known as Wharton’s Jelly

Answer 72

Mucoid tissue

Question 73

o Type X, IV

Answer 73

Network forming