CT AND ADIPOSE

Question 1

What are the three structural elements of connective tissue?

Answer 1

Cells, Fibers, Ground substance

Question 2

What is the most abundant tissue in the human body?

Answer 2

Connective tissue

Question 3

Which embryonic layer gives rise to all connective tissues?

Answer 3

mesenchyme from the Mesoderm

Question 4

What is the function of fibroblasts?

Answer 4

They produce and maintain the extracellular matrix, including collagen and elastin.

Question 5

What are the two main types of adipose tissue?

Answer 5

White adipose tissue and Brown adipose tissue

Question 6

What is the main function of macrophages in connective tissue?

Answer 6

Phagocytosis and antigen presentation

Question 7

Which type of collagen is the most abundant in the human body?

Answer 7

Type I collagen

Question 8

What vitamin is essential for collagen synthesis?

Answer 8

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Question 9

What is the function of mast cells?

Answer 9

They release histamine and other bioactive substances in response to allergens.

Question 10

What are the major signs of inflammation?

Answer 10

Redness (rubor), Swelling (tumor), Heat (calor), Pain (dolor), Loss of function (functio laesa)

Question 11

What is the primary function of reticular fibers?

Answer 11

They provide support in delicate connective tissues like lymph nodes and bone marrow.

Question 12

What type of connective tissue has a high proportion of collagen and fibroblasts aligned in parallel?

Answer 12

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 13

Which glycosaminoglycan (GAG) is the largest and most ubiquitous?

Answer 13

Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic acid)

Question 14

What is the primary function of brown adipose tissue?

Answer 14

Heat production (thermogenesis)

Question 15

What protein allows elastic fibers to stretch and recoil?

Answer 15

Elastin

Question 16

Which proteoglycan is a key component of cartilage?

Answer 16

Aggrecan

Question 17

What is the role of plasma cells?

Answer 17

They produce antibodies (immunoglobulins).

Question 18

Which connective tissue type is found beneath epithelial linings and supports organs?

Answer 18

Loose (Areolar) connective tissue

Question 19

What is the term for macrophages derived from monocytes?

Answer 19

Histiocytes

Question 20

What is the ‘satiety factor’ hormone produced by adipocytes?

Answer 20

Leptin

Question 21

What enzyme breaks down elastin?

Answer 21

Elastase

Question 22

Which specialized connective tissue is found in the umbilical cord?

Answer 22

Mucoid (Wharton’s jelly) connective tissue

Question 23

What type of leukocyte is primarily involved in allergic reactions?

Answer 23

Eosinophils

Question 24

What is the major structural protein of the extracellular matrix?

Answer 24

Collagen

Question 25

What structure does dense irregular connective tissue primarily support?

Answer 25

Dermis of the skin

Question 26

Which component of ground substance allows diffusion of nutrients and gases?

Answer 26

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Question 27

What type of fibers provide high tensile strength in connective tissue?

Answer 27

Collagen fibers

Question 28

Which enzyme cross-links elastin molecules?

Answer 28

Lysyl oxidase

Question 29

What is the primary function of ground substance in connective tissue?

Answer 29

Filling spaces, providing support, and enabling diffusion.

Question 30

What is the function of fibronectin?

Answer 30

It aids in cell adhesion and migration.

Question 31

Which connective tissue type is most resistant to stress from multiple directions?

Answer 31

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 32

What cell type produces collagen fibers?

Answer 32

Fibroblasts

Question 33

What is the role of interstitial fluid?

Answer 33

It provides metabolic support and allows diffusion of nutrients and gases.

Question 34

Which leukocyte type has a ‘clock-face’ chromatin pattern?

Answer 34

Plasma cells

Question 35

What type of connective tissue supports developing blood cells in bone marrow?

Answer 35

Reticular connective tissue

Question 36

What protein forms reticular fibers?

Answer 36

Collagen Type III

Question 37

What is the function of laminin?

Answer 37

It facilitates cell adhesion in the basal lamina.

Question 38

Which connective tissue type is found in tendons and ligaments?

Answer 38

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 39

What type of connective tissue is found in the fetal umbilical cord?

Answer 39

Mucoid connective tissue (Wharton’s jelly)