CT1 Flashcards
What is a cell?
Cells are the smallest unit of life and the building blocks for all organisms.
What are the two main types of cells?
Prokaryotic and eukariotic
An example of a eukaryotic cell?
Animal, Plant, Fungal, Algae, Protoctists
An example of a prokaryotic cell?
Bacteria
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It holds the cell together and controls which substances can pass into and out of it
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place. It contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
This is where most of the reactions for respiration take place. respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.
What is the function of the ribsomes?
these are involved in translation of genetic material in the synthesis of proteins
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus?
Synthesising proteins and modifying and sorting proteins. TRANSPORT
What is the difference between a plant cell and an animal cell?
A plant cell has chloroplasts with chlorophyll whereas animal cells do not. An animal cell does not have a cell wall but only a membrane.
What does homozygous mean?
having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes.
What does heterozygous mean?
having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes.
What does Allele mean?
Each of two or more alternative forms of a gene
by mutation and are found at the same place of a chromosome.
What does gene mean?
A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristics of the offspring.
What happens in prophase?
The nucleus starts to break down and spindle fibres appear.
What happens in metaphase?
The chromosomes are lined up on the spindle fibres across the middle of the cell.
What happens in anaphase?
The chromosome copies and separated and moved to either end of the cell on the spindle fibres.
What happens in telophase?
A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to form nuclei.
What happens in cytokinesis?
A cell surface membrane forms to separate the two cells. Cell walls form in plant cells.
What does diploid mean?
23 pairs of chromosomes
What does haploid means?
23 chromosomes (egg, sperm)
What does clone mean?
genetically identical
