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Computing Y9 > CT1 & 2 > Flashcards

CT1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does systems software do?

A

Controls the hardware and runs applications. e.g.
- operating systems, e.g. windows, Mac OS, IOS, Android-free
- utilities e.g. manages computer system, backs up software

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2
Q

What are utility programmes?

A

Utility programmes ensure that systems run smoothly e.g.
- antivirus software
- compression software
- back up software

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3
Q

What is application software?

A

It performs day to day tasks for the user e.g. word processing, spreadsheets, presentations

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4
Q

Solid state storage
Disadvantages (3)

A
  • Medium storage capacity
  • limited number of write cycles
  • Expensive compared to other types of storage
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5
Q

Solid state storage
Advantages (4)

A
  • Fastest access speeds
  • No moving parts, so more reliable
  • No noise
  • Low power usage
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6
Q

Solid state storage
Examples

A
  • SSP
  • Memory Stick
  • USB pen drives
  • Flash memory card
  • Sim card
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7
Q

Solid state storage
How does it work?

A

Solid state memory uses flash memory to store and access non-volatile data

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8
Q

Magnetic storage
How does it work?

A

Uses different patterns of magnetisation in a magnetizable material to store data.

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9
Q

Magnetic storage
Advantages

A
  • High storage capacity
  • Faster access speeds than optical
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10
Q

Magnetic storage
Disadvantages

A

Has moving parts which will eventually fail and break

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11
Q

Magnetic storage
Examples

A
  • Tape
  • Hard disk drive
  • RAM
  • Floppy disk
  • Zip drive
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12
Q

Open source vs closed source

A

Requires user to pay for a licence and source code is hidden
(pay - not allowed to make changes)

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13
Q

Open source vs closed source

A

Allows free access to the software and its source code
e.g. fortnite
(free - make changes)

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14
Q

Motherboard

A

Houses all the other components and allows them to communicate
(has all the other bits plugged into it)

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15
Q

RAM

A

Random Access Memory
short term storage
e.g. currently running apps and instructions

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16
Q

CPU

A

Central Processing Unit
processes information
the “brain” of the computer

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17
Q

BIOS

A

Basic Input Output Systems

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18
Q

RAM vs ROM

A
  • Read only memory
  • Long term storage
  • Non volatile
  • Boot strap loader, BIOS
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19
Q

Hard drive

A

Long term storage

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20
Q

What is stored inside the hard drive

A

Files and applications

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21
Q

Examples of secondary storage

A
  • Hard disks
  • solid state devices
  • USB
  • floppy discs
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22
Q

5 characteristics of secondary storage

A
  • capacity
  • cost
  • durability
  • portability
  • speed
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23
Q

What are THEE 3 types of secondary storage

A
  • Magnetic storage
  • Optical storage
  • Solid state storage
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24
Q

4 Features of secondary storage

A
  • Used to store all programs and data for a computer system - long term
  • Slower to access CPU than primary
  • Exists in larger quantities than primary storage
  • Non-volatile
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25
Q

RAM vs ROM

A
  • Random Access Memory
  • Short term storage
  • Volatile
  • Open applications, currently running instructions
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26
Q

4 Features of primary storage

A
  • Used to store programmes or data that are currently being used.
  • Quicker to access than secondary storage
  • Exists in smaller quantities than secondary storage
  • Volatile (except ROM)
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27
Q

Examples of primary storage

A
  • RAM
  • ROM
  • Cache
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28
Q

Optical storage
Examples

A
  • Blue ray
  • CD
  • DVD
  • Flash drives
  • ROM
29
Q

Optical storage
Advantages (3)

A
  • Thin
  • Light weight
  • Portable
30
Q

Optical storage
Disadvantages

A

Low capacity compared to other types of storage

31
Q

Optical storage
How does it work?

A

Uses low power laser beams to record and retrieve digital (binary) data

32
Q

What is software?

A

A programme or code that controls the hardware

33
Q

Computer Accessibility Definition

A

Making it possible for people with disabilities to use a computer system
e.g. blind = braille keyboard

34
Q

Input devices definition

A

Hardware that sends data into a computer system from the outside world
e.g. keyboard, mic

35
Q

Output devices definition

A

Hardware that receives data from a computer system and presents it in some form for the user
e.g. speaker, printer

36
Q

Storage devices definition
+ Examples

A

Hardware that saves data so that it can be recalled and used again later
e.g. sim card, DVD

37
Q

CPU components
Registers

A

Tiny, super-fast pieces of onboard memory inside the CPU, each with a specific purpose
(one piece of storage)

38
Q

CPU components
Cache

A

Provides fast access to frequently used instructions and data. (temporary storage)
Saves time instead of having to go to RAM everytime

39
Q

CPU components
CU

A

Control Unit
Sends signals to control how data moves around the CPU. (controls everything)

40
Q

CPU components
ALU

A

Arithmatic logic unit
Performs arithmatic calculations and makes logical decisions

41
Q

What is the first factor that affects the CPU’s performance?

A

Clock speed
(measured in the number of cycles per second - Hertz (Hz))
Normal computer has 3.2 GHz
3.2 billion instructions fetched ~per second~

42
Q

What is the second factor that affects the CPU’s performance?

A

Number of cores:
- Core = complete copy of a CPU
- Has its own components
- More cores = multiple programmes simultaneously

43
Q

What is the third factor that affects the CPU’s performance?

A

Cache size:
Saves time with more storage
~Frequently used instructions~

44
Q

CPU components
Accumulator

A

Used as a register to store intermediate logical or arithmetic data in multistep calculations.

45
Q

What are the 5 main functions of the operating system

A
  • Device management
  • User management
  • File management
  • User interface
  • Memory management
46
Q

What is the digital divide

A

The gap between people who have access to connected technology and those who do not.

47
Q

Ethics

A

How a person conducts their lives based on what we feel is right or wrong.

48
Q

Laws

A

Rules in society which are enforced by penalties.

49
Q

Stakeholder

A

Anyone who may be affected, either directly or indirectly, by the actions or policies of an organisation/technologies.

50
Q

Key Stakeholder

A

Those who can influence the actions or policies of an organisation.

51
Q

Who are the people most affected by the digital divide

A
  • Elderly
  • Poor
  • Geographically remote communities
52
Q

What does The data protection act do

A

Protects the right of data subjects (the person whose data is being used)

53
Q

The data protection act

A

2018

54
Q

The computer miss use act

A

1990

55
Q

What does The computer miss use act do

A

Makes it illegal to:
- Hack.
- Gain unauthorized access.
- Delete or modify data without permission.
- Write or knowingly distribute malware (viruses).
- Use a computer to commit further offences.

56
Q

Copyright Designs and Patents act

A

1988

57
Q

What does the Copyright Designs and Patents act do

A
  • Makes it illegal to copy a work without the owners permission.
  • Copyright is automatically granted to the creator of any material.
  • It does not have to be marked with a copyright symbol.
58
Q

Personal data examples

A
  • Name
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Date of birth
  • Address
59
Q

What is the 1st principle of personal data

A
  1. Fairly and lawfully processed.
60
Q

What is the 2nd principle of personal data

A
  1. Used for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes.
61
Q

What is the 3rd principle of personal data

A
  1. Adequate, relevant and not specified.
62
Q

What is the 4th principle of personal data

A
  1. Accurate and up to date information.
63
Q

What is the 5th principle of personal data

A
  1. Must not be kept for longer that is necessary.
64
Q

What is the 6th principle of personal data

A
  1. Stored and processed securely.
65
Q

Units of data

A

bit - 1
nibble - 4
byte - 8
kilobyte - 1000 bytes
megabyte - 1000 kilobyte
gigabyte - 1000 megabyte
terabyte - 1000 gigabyte
petabyte - 1000 terabyte

66
Q

Structure of a computer system

A

Communication
Input -> Processing (Primary storage) -> Output
Secondary Storage

67
Q

Benefits of AI (6bp)

A
  • Digital Assistance (communication, education)
  • Risky situations
  • Efficient
  • Availability
  • Medical applications
  • More employment (coding)
68
Q

Drawbacks of AI (4bp)

A
  • Malfunction
  • Expensive
  • Lazy
  • Loss of skills

Computing Y9 (2 decks)

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