CTB1 Flashcards
To learn and understand content for CTB1 (50 cards)
What are the major components of the respiratory system?
The nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
What are the upper airways?
The nasal passages, pharynx, and larynx.
What is the function of the nasal cavity?
To warm, humidify, and filter inhaled air.
What is the role of nasal conchae (turbinates)?
They create turbulence, slowing airflow for better warming, moistening, and filtering.
What is the pharynx, and what are its parts?
A muscular tube divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
What is the larynx, and what is its primary function?
Also called the voice box, it facilitates sound production and protects the trachea during swallowing.
What is the trachea?
A rigid tube supported by cartilage, conducting air to the bronchi.
What are the bronchi?
The main airways branching from the trachea into the left and right lungs.
How do the right and left bronchi differ?
The right bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical, making it more prone to foreign body entry.
What is the bronchial tree?
A hierarchical network of airways, from the trachea to terminal bronchioles.
What are terminal bronchioles?
The smallest airways in the conducting zone, leading to respiratory bronchioles.
What are respiratory bronchioles?
The first structures of the respiratory zone, containing some alveoli.
What are alveoli?
Air sacs where gas exchange occurs between the lungs and blood.
What is the pleura?
A double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs.
What is the visceral pleura?
The inner layer attached directly to the lung surface.
What is the parietal pleura?
The outer layer attached to the chest wall.
What is the pleural cavity?
The space between the visceral and parietal pleura containing pleural fluid.
What is the function of pleural fluid?
To reduce friction during lung movement and create surface tension for lung expansion.
What are the lobes of the lungs?
The right lung has three lobes (superior, middle, inferior), and the left lung has two (superior, inferior).
What are the key structural differences between the right and left lungs?
The right lung is larger and has three lobes, while the left lung is smaller and has two lobes with a cardiac notch.
What are the main structures in the hilum of the lung?
Bronchi, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, lymph nodes, and nerves.
What is the diaphragm?
A dome-shaped muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities, crucial for respiration.
What is the thoracic wall composed of?
The ribcage, sternum, thoracic vertebrae, intercostal muscles, and connective tissues.
How does the diaphragm contribute to breathing?
Its contraction increases thoracic volume, creating negative pressure for inhalation.
