Cultural Anthropology Exam 1

Question 1

What is Anthropology?

Answer 1

The study of humans through a biological and cultural lens.

Question 2

Biological Anthropology

Answer 2

Focuses on the biological aspect and history of humans

Question 3

Ethnology

Answer 3

The study of living societies

Question 4

Linguistics

Answer 4

Study of languages, both written and spoken

Question 5

Archaeology

Answer 5

The study of past societies

Question 6

Applied Anthropology

Answer 6

Takes everything from the other four fields to solve problems in the modern day

Question 7

Characteristic 1

Answer 7

Holistic: Understand humans in a broad context

Question 8

Characteristic 2

Answer 8

Focuses on human populations and not individuals

Question 9

Characteristic 3

Answer 9

Anthropology is comparative and cross-cultural

Question 10

Characteristic 4

Answer 10

Personal fieldwork is a huge part of Anthropology

Question 11

Characteristic 5

Answer 11

Anthropology seeks to understand biological and cultural evolution through time.

Question 12

Ethnocentrism

Answer 12

To think your culture is superior to another

Question 13

Cultural Relativism

Answer 13

To try to understand another culture

Question 14

Culture

Answer 14

Can be defined in many ways. It can be defined as a learned behavior, a way of surviving, beliefs, etc.

Question 15

Characteristics of Culture

Answer 15

Culture inhibits biological and psychological impulses (food, habits, what is acceptable, etc.)

It can be beneficial and harmful

Question 16

Symbols

Answer 16

Communicating with each other with clothing, hairstyles, jewelry, body decorations and modifications

more examples: Flags for nations or factions

Question 17

National Culture

Answer 17

Symbols, values, behavior shared by nearly everyone within a large society

Question 18

Subculture

Answer 18

Symbols, values, behavior shared by a smaller group within a nation, such as an ethnic group

Question 19

Enculturation

Answer 19

The process by which an individual learns the traditional content of a culture and assimilates its practices and values

Question 20

Taboos

Answer 20

Things that are not accepted by a society

Question 21

Kuru

Answer 21

A disease in Papua New Guinea caused by canniblism

Question 22

Assimilation

Answer 22

Forced cultural change

Question 23

Acculturation

Answer 23

The process of sharing and learning the cultural traits or social patterns of another group

Question 24

Invention

Answer 24

Any innovation developed by a culture

Question 25

Diffusion

Answer 25

Societies borrowing from one another

Question 26

Amish

Answer 26

A subculture in the Midwest and parts of New England that uses no electricity and has a high value for family and religion (specifically Christianity)

Question 27

The Nacirema

Answer 27

A North American Group that has a more market focused culture They have a bizarre hatred for the human body, which involves doing rituals that modifies the body It even gets to the point that talking about sexual intercourse in public is considered taboo

Question 28

Globalization

Answer 28

The rapid transformation of local cultures around the world in response to the economic and other influences of a dominant culture

Question 29

How is climate change impacting traditional societies?

Answer 29

1. It is making sea levels rise, causing societies to abandon their homes 2. it is changing the temperature, affecting the landscape and outcome of crops (like in Peru and Siberia) 3. It is causing storms to get more frequent

Question 30

Greenhouse Effect

Answer 30

Carbon dioxide or other gases put into the atmosphere increase the global temperature

Question 31

Deforestation

Answer 31

Mass cutting of forest without replanting

Question 32

Basic characteristics of Ethnographic Fieldwork

Answer 32

1. They work alone or in a small group 2. They try to learn the language to communicate with them better 3. They live among them for several months or even a year

Question 33

Structured interviews

Answer 33

Asking questions prepared before a meeting (genealogy, kinship studies, censuses)

Question 34

Freeform interview

Answer 34

An interview with no specific direction in mind Potential questions can pop up from answers to other questions

Question 35

Participant Observation

Answer 35

Not only observing, but also participating in cultural events, if allowed

Question 36

Indigenous

Answer 36

Native to the area

Question 37

Culture Shock

Answer 37

Being overwhelmed in a culture you are unfamiliar with

Question 38

Contested identity

Answer 38

A dispute within a group about the collective identity or identities of the group

Question 39

Life history

Answer 39

Personal narrative of one's life

Question 40

Emic

Answer 40

Descriptions of behaviors and beliefs in terms that are meaningful to people who belong to a specific culture

Question 41

Etic

Answer 41

Research that studies cross-cultural differences

Question 42

Informed consent

Answer 42

Telling them before you do something

Question 43

Rapport

Answer 43

Gaining trust

Question 44

Hockett's language design features

Answer 44

Symbolism, productivity, Displacement, Multimedia, duality of patterning

Question 45

Phone

Answer 45

A sound in language

Question 46

phonemes

Answer 46

distinctions of one or more sounds in a language

Question 47

morphemes

Answer 47

structural units in a language Ex.) prefix, suffix, root words

Question 48

dialects

Answer 48

Alternate versions of one spoken language

Question 49

How do dialects differ language?

Answer 49

pronunciation of words and different vocabulary

Question 50

what can dialects reflect?

Answer 50

geography, ethnicity, social class, gender