cultural bias Flashcards
(16 cards)
what is culture bias
the tendency to judge people in terms of one’s own cultural assumptions
what is universality
The idea that psychological research and theories can be applied to everyone, regardless of gender or culture.
what is ethnocentrism
emphases the importance of the behavior in one’s culture making us base perceptions around our own cultures.
what is an etic approach
looks at behavior from outside a given culture and attempts to describe those behaviors as universal when in reality, they’re not
whats an imposed etic
where a construct from 1 culture is applied innapropriately to another
what is an example of this
Van Ijendoorn- SSC meta analysis
the study assumes that Ainsworth’s attachment categories are universally applicable, rather than being culturally specific. Instead of considering how different cultures define or express attachment, it imposes a Western-based classification system.
what is an emic approach
functions inside a culture and identifies behaviors that are specific to that culture
focuses on each cultures individual characteristics
do not attempt to apply findings to different cultures
what would an emic approach do in Van Ij posistion (u got this dawgy! yayay xx)
Investigate attachment based on how different cultures naturally understand and express caregiver-child relationships
what are 2 strengths of this
we can confidently recognize where cultural bias lies within psychological publications and how this impacts our understanding of psychology as a whole.
significant relevance to the real world as it shows how researchers may be amplifying and validating damaging stereotypes
what is a limitation of this
whilst trying to heighten awareness about diversity through the creation of ‘indigenous psychologies’ (which are theories that explicitly draw on the particular experiences of people in different cultural contexts), this is actually an imitation of ethnocentrism to a certain degree as this means research is still being viewed from 1 cultures perspective
recognize where cultural bias lies within psychological publications evidence
by Smith and Bond (1998) meta analysis. They found that European textbooks on social psychology included 66% American studies, 32% European studies and only a shocking and eye opening 2% from the rest of the world.
explanation to this point
depicts the underrepresentation
should be improved by simply selecting different cultural groups
shows European curriculums are ethnocentric and have an imposed etic.
this can reduce beta bias so other perspectives are recognized
researchers may be amplifying and validating damaging stereotypes evidence
the US army used an IQ test that was culturally bias towards to dominant white majority leading to the results showing African Americans lay at the bottom of the IQ scale.
explanation for this
may amplify negative attitudes of Americans towards this group, highlighting the negative impact that cultural bias may have on research and how this may affect a wider group of people because there has been a lack of consideration as to how this may be fair or tailored towards this group. This may be due to a lack of knowledge and understanding about this group as a lot of successful research has been conducted on white males and then generalized to the wider population.
‘indigenous psychologies’ is actually an imitation of ethnocentrism to a certain degree evidence
lead to the emergence of Afrocentrism which is a movement that suggests because all black people have roots in Africa, theories about them must recognize the African context of behavior and attitudes. This opens up the question of whilst trying to solve the issue in psychological research, why are we still studying cultures within cultures? Although
‘indigenous psychologies’ is actually an imitation of ethnocentrism to a certain degree evidence arguement against
that these can be more relevant to those not only in Africa, but also those who have been removed from their African origins making them more generalizable it provides higher population validity, which can be seen as a strength of cultural relativism.
