CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

Question 1

what are three key aspects to cultural differences

Answer 1

language
parental attitudes
social group subculture

Question 2

explain what sociolinguistics are

Answer 2

language codes - WC and MC have different ways of speaking

Question 3

what theorist explored sociolinguists/language codes

Answer 3

Bernstein

Question 4

explain what is meant by parental attitudes and investment

Answer 4

working and middle classes have different attitudes towards parenting

Question 5

what sociologist explored parental attitudes and investment and what did they find out

Answer 5

Douglas(1964)
WC parents place less value on education and therefore less ambitious for their children

Question 6

explain what is meant by subcultural groups

Answer 6

WC and MC have different subcultural values that help or hinder education

Question 7

what sociologist explored subcultural groups and what did they find

Answer 7

Sugarman(1970)
WC families tend to be
fatalistic
collectivist
immediate gratification
present time orienated

Question 8

what is elaborated code

Answer 8

language code used by MC - broad vocab, gramatically complex, abstract

Question 9

what is restricted code

Answer 9

language code used by WC - restricted vocab, context bound, grammatically simple

Question 10

what is fatalism

Answer 10

attitude of accepting ones own fate and that nothing can be done to change it

Question 11

define present time orientation

Answer 11

focused on what is currently happening

Question 12

define future orientation

Answer 12

focused on the future

Question 13

define optimistic

Answer 13

attitude of positivity towards opportunities

Question 14

define collectivism

Answer 14

sense of loyalty to the group rather than to ones own needs

Question 15

define individualism

Answer 15

focused on ones own achievements or needs

Question 16

define deferred gratification

Answer 16

delaying the financial rewards of employment in order to receive a bigger pay off in the future

Question 17

define immediate gratification

Answer 17

focused on collecting rewards now

Question 18

define pro school attitudes

Answer 18

attitudes of subcultural groups that align with those of school ethos

Question 19

define anti-school attitudes

Answer 19

sub cultural attitudes that oppose school values

Question 20

how do chinese experience education

Answer 20

education is valued more in Chinese
culture due to authoritarian status of teachers

Question 21

how do indian experience education

Answer 21

parenting style is more authoritarian which mimics that of the education system

Question 22

how do pakistani/bangladeshi experience education

Answer 22

more likely to have english as a second language either in children or parents

Question 23

how do african experience education

Answer 23

females have postitive role models - working mothers

Question 24

how do caribbean experience education

Answer 24

Sewell (2010) more likely to be single parent families

Question 25

how do WC experience education

Answer 25

present time orientation, immediate gratification, collectivist nature

Question 26

how do MC experience education

Answer 26

future orientated, delayed gratification, individualistic, more time spent with children on educational activities

Question 27

how has the introduction of sure start helped increase working class achievement

Answer 27

helps to give working class parents the skills to educate their children before they go to school. done through speech and reading classes, parenting classes and helping develp social interactions

Question 28

how does family structure and support have an affect on indian students achievement

Answer 28

indian families have supportive family structures that mirrors the authorisation nature of schools. family structure mostly nuclear with close ties to help children acheive

Question 29

how does fatalistic attitudes to education of parents affect working class acheivement

Answer 29

WC parents may have negative experiences from own education and adopt fatalistic attitudes they pass onto their children of why work harder this has been disputed by research

Question 30

how does racism in wider society affect caribbean achievement

Answer 30

racism in wider society demotivates caribbean students from acheiving as they feel rejected from society. this is mirrored within schools by teacher racism

Question 31

how does use of elaborated code in education affect pakistani/bangladeshi achievement

Answer 31

pakistani/bangladeshi may have english as a second language, if not among children among parents. this means they struggle to support children with work at home

Question 32

how does parental attitudes and family structure effect experience of african caribbean boys in education

Answer 32

Sewell suggests that single parent families of afrocaribbeans have a negative impact on boys achievement as they lack a strong role model . this has been questioned recently by role models in the media

Question 33

what is an evaluation for WC parents having a fatalistic attitude towards education

Answer 33

recent research has shown that many WC parents have high aspirations for their children, but lack the skills needed for this progression for their children

Question 34

what is evidence for middle class parents having higher levels of investment in their children and therefore more likely to help with things regarding education

Answer 34

sullivans research into cultural capital shows middle class children are more likely to have higher cultural capital because of the books they read and shows they watch

Question 35

whats an evaluation that the lack of standard english is seen as one of the reasons for underachievement of african and carribean students

Answer 35

the swann report suggested that the level of english for non white ethnic pupils is similar to that of white pupils

Question 36

what is an evaluation of WC parents instil values of immediate gratification to their children meaning that they are less motivated to well in exams and more likely to leave school early to get employment

Answer 36

immediate gratification and present time orientation of WC could be the result of necessity. many young people have to get jobs to support family or themselves through education