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AP Human Geo > Cultural Geography > Flashcards

Cultural Geography Flashcards

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0
Q

Animism

A

Most prevalent in Africa and the Americas, doctrine in which the world is seen as being infused with spiritual and even supernatural powers

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1
Q

Acculturation

A

The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another

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2
Q

Artifact

A

Any item that represent a material aspect of culture

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3
Q

Buddhism

A

System of belief that seeks to explain ultimate realities for all people–such as the nature of suffering and the path toward self-realization

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4
Q

Caste system

A

System in India that gives every Indian a particular place in the social hierarchy from birth; individuals may improve the position they inherit in the caste system in the next life through their actions, or karma; after many lives of good karma, they may be relieved from cycle of life and win their place in heaven

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5
Q

Christianity

A

The world’s most widespread religion; monotheistic, universal religion that uses missionaries to expand its members worldwide; Catholic, Protestant, Eastern Orthodox

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6
Q

Creole

A

A pidgin language that evolves to the point at which it becomes the primary language to the people who speak it

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7
Q

Cultural complex

A

The group of traits that define a particular culture

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8
Q

Cultural extinction

A

Obliteration of an entire culture by war, disease, acculturation, or a combination of the three

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9
Q

Cultural geography

A

The subfield of human geo that looks at how cultures vary over space

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10
Q

Cultural hearth

A

Locations on earth’s surface where specific culture first arose

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11
Q

Cultural imperialism

A

The dominance of one culture over another

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12
Q

Cultural trait

A

The specific customs that are part of the everyday life of a particular culture, such as language, religion, ethnicity, social institutions, and aspects of pop culture

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13
Q

Culture

A

A total way of life held in common by a group of ppl, including learned features such as language, ideology, behavior, technology, and gov’t

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14
Q

Custom

A

Practices followed by the ppl of a particular cultural group

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15
Q

Denomination

A

A particular religious group, usually associated with differing Protestant belief systems

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16
Q

Dialect

A

Geographically distinct versions of a single language that vary somewhat from the parent form

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17
Q

Diaspora

A

People who come from a common ethnic background but who live in different regions outside of the home of their ethnicity

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18
Q

Ecumene

A

The proportion of the earth inhabited by humans

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19
Q

Environmental determinism

A

A doctrine that claims that cultural traits are formed and controlled by environmental conditions

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20
Q

Environmental determinism

A

A doctrine that claims that cultural traits are formed and controlled by environmental conditions

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21
Q

Esperanto

A

A constructed international auxiliary language incorporating aspects of numerous linguistic traditions to create a universal means of communication

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22
Q

Ethnic cleansing

A

The systematic attempt to remove all ppl of a particular ethnicity from a region or country either by forced migration or genocide

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23
Q

Ethnic neighborhood

A

An area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background

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24
Ethnic religion
Religion that is identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group and that does not seek new converts
25
Ethnicity
Refers to a group of ppl who share a common identity
26
Evangelical religions
Religion in which an effort is made to spread a particular belief system
27
Folk culture
Refers to a constellation of cultural practices that form the sights, smells, sounds, and rituals of everyday existence in the traditional societies in which they developed
28
Fundamentalism
The strict adherence to a particular doctrine
29
Gender Inequality Index
A UN index, introduced in 2010, which measures a country's loss of achievement due to gender inequality, based on reproductive health, employment and general empowerment
30
Genocide
A premeditated effort to kill everyone from a particular ethnic group
31
Ghetto
A segregated ethnic area within a city
32
Global religion
Religion in which members are numerous and widespread and their doctrines might appeal to different people from any region of the globe
33
Hinduism
A cohesive and unique society, most prevalent in India, that integrates spiritual beliefs with daily practices and official institutions such as the caste system
34
Indo-European family
Language family including the Germanic and Romance languages that is spoken by about 50% of the worlds ppl
35
Islam
A monotheistic religion based on the belief that there is one God, Allah, and that Muhammad was Allah's prophet; based in the ancient city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the birthplace of Muhammad
36
Isoglosses
Geographical boundary lines where different linguistic features meet
37
Judaism
The first major monotheistic religion; based on a sense of ethnic identity, and it's adherents tend to form tight-knit communities wherever they live
38
Language extinction
Occurs when a language is no longer in use by any living ppl; thousands of languages have become extinct over the eons since language first developed, but the process of language extinction has accelerated greatly during the past 300 years
39
Language family
A collection of many languages, all of which came from the same original tongue long ago, that have since evolved different characteristics
40
Language group
A set of languages with a relatively recent common origin and many similar characteristics
41
Lingua Franca
An extremely simple language that combines aspects of two or more other, more-complex languages usually used for quick and efficient communication
42
Literacy
The ability to read and write
43
Local culture
A set of common experiences or customs that shapes the identity of a place and the ppl who live there; often the subjects of preservation or economic development efforts
44
Local religions
Religions that are spiritually bound to particular regions
45
Minority
A racial or ethnic group smaller than and differing from the majority race or ethnicity in a particular area or region
46
Missionary
A person of a particular faith that travels in order to recruit new members into the faith represented
47
Monotheism
The worship of only one God
48
Multicultural
Having to do with many cultures
49
Official language
Language in which all gov't business occurs in a country
50
Pidgin
Language that may develop when two groups of ppl with different languages meet; the pidgin has some characteristics of each language
51
Pilgrimage
A journey to a place of religious importance
52
Polyglot
A multilingual state
53
Polytheism
The worship of more than one god
54
Popular culture
Dynamic culture based in large, heterogeneous societies permitting considerable individualism, innovation, and change; having a money-based economy, division of labor into professions, secular institutions of control, and weak interpersonal ties; and producing and consuming machine-made goods
55
Race
A group of human beings distinguished by physical traits, blood type, generic code patterns or genetically inherited characteristics
56
Romance languages
Any of the languages derived from Latin including Italian, Spanish, French, and Romanian
57
Shaman
The single person who takes on the roles of priest, counselor, and physician and acts as a conduit to the supernatural world in a shamanist culture
58
Sino-Tibetan family
Language area that spreads through most of Southeast Asia and China and is comprised of Chinese, Burmese, Tibetan, Japanese, and Korean
59
Syncretic
Traditions that borrow from both the past and present
60
Toponym
Place names given to certain features on the land such as settlements, terrain features, and streams
61
Tradition
A cohesive collection of customs within a cultural group
62
Transculturation
The expansion of cultural traits through diffusion, adoption, and other related processes
63
Universalizing religion
Religion that seeks to unite ppl from all over the globe

AP Human Geo (6 decks)

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