Cultural Variaitions + E

Question 1

Def for cultural variations?

Answer 1

The way different people vary in terms of their social practices and the effects on their development.

Question 2

What are the 2 main cultural variations?

Answer 2

Collectivistic and individualistic cultures

Question 3

Def 4 individualistic culture

Answer 3

Characterised by individualism

Proitisies the individual over the group

Question 4

Def 4 collectivistic cultures

Answer 4

Society based in valuing the needs of a group

Priories the group over the individual

Question 5

What did Ijzendoom and Kroonenberg do?

Answer 5

Meta analysed 32 studies

Question 6

What were I&K research findings?

Answer 6

Collectivistic ( China/ Japan ) = rates of insecure att. We’re above 25%

Question 7

Outline the Italian study (including the findings)

Simonelli - 2014

Answer 7

50% secure
36% insecure avoidant

Lower rate of secure could be because increasing numbers if mothers using professional childcare

Question 8

Outline the Korean study ( Kyoung 2012)

Answer 8

Most babies secure ( 87 babies tot )

Some were resistant

1 avoidant

Similar to japans results ( similar cultures )

Question 9

What was the overall conclusion?

Answer 9

Secure att. Is still the dominant type

Cultural practices have an effect on the att. Type

Question 10

P: indigenous research

S

Answer 10

E: The researchers were form the same place / cultural background of the ppts
Takahashi (1986) points out the problems with cultural cross cultural research imposing stereotypes.

E: TMT Higher chance that the researchers and the ppts communutcated effectively

⬆️ the validity

Question 11

P: Confounding variables

W

Answer 11

E: all the studies don’t share the same methodology of the original study.
E.g smaller rooms could cause the babies w. More toys could cause babies to explore more and deemed more secure vice versa

E: non matched studies may not tell us about cross cultures

Question 12

P: imposed Etic

W

Answer 12

E: occures when we assume on an idea or technique that works in a cultural context

eg the reasons to reunion could indicate avoidant but it may just be independence.

E: TMT the behaviours measured by the SS may not have the same meanings across cultures and comparing them is meaningless.

Question 13

P: competing explainations

W

Answer 13

E: I&K suggest an alternative explaination:
Global media presents how a baby and parent should interact.
This overrides the cultural way/significance of the child rearing

E: TMT Culturaal variations have been undermined because of globalisation.