cultural variations

Question 1

cultural varations

Answer 1

the differences in norms and values that exists between people in different groups

Question 2

van ijzendoorn and kroonenberg procedure

Answer 2

• located 32 studies where the strange situation had been used
• conducted on 8 countries - 15 were in the US
• 1990 children
• 32 studies were meta-analysed

Question 3

van ijzendoorn and kroonenberg findings

Answer 3

• secure attachment is the most common classification
• 75% Britain 50% China
• in individualist cultures rates of insecure resistant attachment was similar to Ainsworths sample (all under 14%) > different for the collectivist sample
• China, Japan and Israel were above 25% and rates of insecure-attachment were reduced
• results of studies within the country were 150% greater than those between countires
• U.S.A 46% securely attached compared to one sample as high as 90%

Question 4

strength: indigenous researchers

Answer 4

• indigenous researchers are those from the same cultural background as participants
• included a german team and a japanese researcher
• potential problems in cross cultural research can be avoided, such as the misunderstanding of language or having difficulty communiacting instruction > could also include bias because of one nations sterotypes to another
• enhances the validity of the data

Question 5

limitation: confounding variables

Answer 5

• studied conducted in different countries are not usually matched for methodology when they are compared in reviews or meta-analysis
• characteristics such as poverty and social class can confound the results of the participants in different studies
• means that looking at attachment behaviour in different non-matched studies conducted in different countries may not tell us anything about cross-cultural patterns on attachment