Culture! Flashcards
(27 cards)
Rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior (written and unwritten)
Norms
Norms that lack moral significance (right vs rude)
Folkways
Society’s standard of proper moral conduct (right vs wrong)
Mores
Activity that is forbidden or sacred based on religious beliefs or morals (right vs forbidden)
Taboo
Broad ideas about what is good/desirable – shared by people in a society
Values
Organization of written or spoken symbols into a system
Language
A group that shares values, norms, and behaviors that are not shared by the entire population
Subculture
people who interact in a defined territory and share culture
Society
Features that are developed to ensure fulfillment of some needs of society
Elements of culture
A punishment or threat of punishment to enforce conformity
Negative Sanction
Reward for behavior that is liked or appreciated
Positive Sanction
Reward or punishment used to enforce conformity to Norms
Sanction
How you react to norms and sanctions
Internalization
Spontaneous sanction like a laugh, smile, or getting flipped off
Informal Sanction
A sanction that is officially recognized by an authority and enforced.
Report card or a ticket
Formal Sanction
A long-term conscious effort to promote or prevent social change
Social Movement
Belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards
Cultural Relativism
Tendency to view one’s own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups
Ethnocentrism
A Spread of ideas, styles, religions, technology, food, and languages either within one culture or throughout different cultures
Cultural Diffusion
the spread of an idea/trait/concept through a group of people/area EQUALLY without regard to social class, economic position, or position of power :(disease, religion, music)
Contagious Diffusion
the spread of ideas through an established structure usually from: people with power to those with less/no power or places of power to places with less/no power. (Missionaries, iphones, AIDS, fashion)
Hierarchy Diffusion
the spread of an underlying principle even though the characteristic itself does not spread: dad plays basketball so you play basketball, McDonalds, Nike
Stimulus Diffusion
occurs when people migrate and take their cultural attributes with them. (pizza, Spanish language, US policy of Indian Removal)
Relocation Diffusion
anything man made within a culture
Material Culture
