CULTURE

Question 1

is likely the result of an interplay
between internal (individual) and external
(environmental and social) factors

In other words, —– starts with
the individual but is also
influenced and shaped by the
world around them.

Answer 1

Culture

Question 2

has been derived
from two terms, logos, which means
science or study, and socius, which means ‘group or partners’. Hence,
deals with the study of groups.

Answer 2

sociology

Question 3

is a behavioral
science that deals with the
study of society.

Answer 3

Sociology

Question 4

is taken from
two Greek words logos, which means
study, and Anthropos, which means
‘man’. defines itself as a
discipline of infinite curiosity about
human beings.

is a behavioral science that deals with the study of culture

Answer 4

anthropology

Question 5

is the set of practices, beliefs, and objects
that embody the most broadly shared
meanings of a social system.

Answer 5

Popular Culture

Question 6

is a group of people living together in a definite
territory, having a sense of belongingness,
mutuality interdependence of each other, and
following a certain way of life.

Answer 6

Society

Question 7

Society is derived from the Latin word “”, from ——
——- which means companion or associate.

Answer 7

societas
socius

Question 8

refers to all people, collectively
regarded as constituting a community of
related, interdependent individuals
living in a definite place. Following a
certain mode certain mode of life

Answer 8

society

Question 9

, is a group of one or more
parents and their children living
together as a unit.

Answer 9

Family

Question 10

is a group of people united by
actual or perceived kinship (blood-
relation) and descent.

Answer 10

clan

Question 11

is a social division in a traditional society
consisting of families or communities linked by
social, economic, religious, or blood ties, with a
common culture and dialect, typically having a
recognized leader.

Answer 11

Tribe

Question 12

is a district, especially one
forming a community within a town or city.

Answer 12

neighborhood

Question 13

Reasons why people live together…

Answer 13

SURVIVAL
GREGARIOUSNESS
SPECIALIZATION

Question 14

ACCORDING TO

“Culture” refers to that
complex whole which includes
knowledge, beliefs, arts,
morals, law, customs, and any
other capabilities and habits
acquired by man as a
member of society.

Answer 14

Edward Tylor

Question 15

According to
“Culture” refers to the set of
attitudes, values, beliefs, and
behaviors shared by a group
of people, but different for
each individual, communicated
from one generation to the next.

“Allows people within the group
to meet basic needs of
survival, pursue happiness,
well-being, and meaning
from life.

Answer 15

David Matsumoto,

Question 16

To , culture
“is a collective programming
of the mind, distinguishing the
members of one group or
category of people from
another”.

“Is a Way of Life”.

Answer 16

Geert Hofstede

Question 17

To
Surface – External
Deep - Internal

Answer 17

Edward T. Hall

Question 18

❑ Explicitly learned
❑ Easily observable
with sight
❑ Easily changeable
❑ Conscious

Answer 18

Surface Culture or
External Culture is

Question 19

❑ Implicitly learned
❑ Invisible
❑ Difficult to change
❑ Unconscious

Answer 19

Deep Culture or Internal Culture

Question 20

To _____ culture
is Material and Non-
Material

Answer 20

William Ogburn

Question 21

❑ physical objects, resources, and spaces that
people use to define their culture.

All of these physical aspects of a culture help to
define its members’ behaviors and perceptions.

Answer 21

Material Culture

Question 22

❑ Refers to the non-physical ideas that people
have about their culture, including beliefs,
values, rules, norms, morals, language,
organizations, and institutions.

❑ includes ideas, beliefs,
social roles, rules, ethics, and attitudes of a
society.

Answer 22

Non-material Culture

Question 23

refers to the shared values,
beliefs, customs, practices, and
behaviors that are learned and
transmitted within a group of
people, shaping their identity, social
norms, and way of life.

Answer 23

Culture

Question 24

CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

Answer 24

learned behavior
shared
symbolic
integrated
dynamic
adaptive
normative

Question 25

Culture is not inherited biologically but learned through social interaction and communication.

Answer 25

Learned Behavior

Question 26

Culture is shared among members of a group or society, creating a sense of belonging and identity.

Answer 26

Shared

Question 27

Culture relies on symbols, such as language, gestures, and objects, to convey meaning and communicate.

Answer 27

Symbolic

Question 28

Different elements of culture are interconnected, forming a coherent whole. Changes in one aspect can affect others.

Answer 28

Integrated:

Question 29

Culture is not static; it evolves as societies adapt to new circumstances and influences.

Answer 29

Dynamic:

Question 30

Culture helps societies adapt to their environment and survive by providing guidelines for behavior and problem-solving.

Answer 30

Adaptive:

Question 31

Culture establishes norms and values that guide behavior and set expectations for individuals within the society.

Answer 31

Normative:

Question 32

ELEMENTS OF CULTURE

Answer 32

language customs and traditions values and beliefs norms and practices symbol and artifacts food and cuisine music and dance social organization technology and material culture history and mythology

Question 33

Is a fundamental element of culture, as it enables communication an expression

Answer 33

Language

Question 34

Are established practices that are passed down through generations.

Answer 34

Customs and Traditions

Question 35

Shape a culture’s moral principles, ethics, and worldview.

Answer 35

Values and Beliefs

Question 36

Are unwritten rules that govern behavior and social interactions.

Answer 36

Norms and Practices

Question 37

Represent a culture’s identity, history, and values.

Answer 37

Symbols and Artifacts

Question 38

Play a significant role in shaping cultural identity and traditions.

Answer 38

Food and Cuisine

Question 39

Are essential elements of cultural expression and celebration.

Answer 39

Music and Dance

Question 40

Refers to the way people interact, form relationships, & structure their societies.

Answer 40

Social Organization

Question 41

Encompass the tools, artifacts, and infrastructures that shape daily life.

Answer 41

Technology and Material Culture

Question 42

Provide a cultural narrative, shaping identity and informing values.

Answer 42

History and Mythology

Question 43

refers to the process by which different aspects of culture (ideas, values, customs, and technology) spread from one culture to another.

Answer 43

Cultural diffusion

Question 44

The direct transfer of cultural traits from one culture to another through face-to-face interaction.

Answer 44

Direct Diffusion:

Question 45

The transfer of cultural traits through intermediate cultures or agents, such as traders or missionaries.

Answer 45

Indirect Diffusion:

Question 46

The spread of cultural traits through the transmission of ideas or innovations, which are then adapted and modified by the receiving culture. Examples: Innovation, Architecture, and Art

Answer 46

Stimulus Diffusion:

Question 47

The spread of cultural traits from a dominant culture to subordinate cultures. Examples: Colonialism, Globalization, and Imperialism

Answer 47

Hierarchical Diffusion:

Question 48

Occurs when a cultural trait spreads from a central location to surrounding areas, often though migration or trade Example: The spread of Christianity from Manila to the rest of the Philippines.

Answer 48

Expansion Diffusion:

Question 49

Occurs when a cultural trait spreads rapidly and widely, often through social networks and personal contact. Example: The spread of social media platform like Facebook and Instagram.

Answer 49

Contagion Diffusion:

Question 50

Occurs when people move from one place to another, taking their cultural traits with them. Example: Waray culture in Metro Manila

Answer 50

Relocation Diffusion:

Question 51

Occurs when cultural traits spread across national borders, often through globalization and international trade. Example: The spread of Japanese anime and manga to countries around the world.

Answer 51

Transnational Diffusion:

Question 52

Occurs when cultural traits spread through digital technologies, such as internet and social media. Example: The spread of memes and viral videos on media platform.

Answer 52

Digital Diffusion:

Question 53

derives from the Greek word meaning “to disperse” refers to the dispersion of people from their homeland to various parts of the world, often due to migration, colonization, slavery, or war.

Answer 53

Diaspora

Question 54

Relationship between diaspora and culture:

Answer 54

cultural preservation cultural adaptation cultural exchange identity and belonging economic and social influence challenges and opportunities

Question 55

Diaspora communities often strive to preserve their cultural heritage, including language, traditions, and customs. For example, the Filipino diaspora in the United States celebrates festivals like Sinulog and Pasko, maintaining a connection to their roots.

Answer 55

Cultural Preservation:

Question 56

While preserving their heritage, diaspora communities also adapt to their new environments. This can lead to a blending of cultures, such as Filipino- Americans incorporating local customs into their traditional celebrations.

Answer 56

Cultural Adaptation:

Question 57

Diaspora communities contribute to cultural exchange by introducing their traditions, cuisine, and art to the host society. For instance, Indian cuisine has become popular worldwide due to the Indian diaspora.

Answer 57

Cultural Exchange:

Question 58

The experience of living in a diaspora can shape individuals' identities, creating a sense of belonging to their homeland and their new country. This dual identity can enrich personal and communal experiences.

Answer 58

Identity and Belonging:

Question 59

Diaspora communities often play significant roles in the economies and societies of their host countries. They can influence cultural trends, business practices, and social norms.

Answer 59

Economic and Social Influence:

Question 60

Diaspora communities may face challenges such as discrimination and cultural assimilation pressures. However, they also have opportunities to build bridges between different cultures and foster mutual understanding.

Answer 60

Challenges and Opportunities:

Question 61

Categories of diaspora

Answer 61

forced diaspora voluntary diaspora labor diaspora trade diaspora Imperial diaspora cultural diaspora political diaspora

Question 62

Diaspora Communities in the World

Answer 62

Egyptian - 4 million Filipino - 5 Ukrainian - 6 Pakistani - 6 Bangladeshi -7 Syrian - 8 Russian -10 Chinese - 10 Mexican - 12 Indian - 18

Question 63

Most common professions for the Filipino diaspora

Answer 63

1) Healthcare Workers 2) Domestic Workers 3) Construction and Skilled Labor 4) Seafarers 5) Information Technology (IT) Professionals 6) Hospitality and Service Industry 7) Education

Question 64

is an expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation, including customs, practices, places, objects, artistic expressions, and values. (ICOMOS, 2002)

Answer 64

Cultural heritage