Culture

Question 1

What is culture?

Answer 1

Complex collection of values, beliefs, behavior & material objects shared by a group, passed on from one generation to the next.

Examples include food, flags, accents, and music.

Question 2

What are the distinct features of human culture?

Answer 2

• Culture is learned
• Culture is shared
• Culture is transmitted
• Culture is cumulative (from the past)
• Culture is complex (humans have it, animals do not)

Culture is often compared to an iceberg, where much is less visible.

Question 3

Fill in the blank: Culture is _______.

Answer 3

[learned]

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Culture is _______.

Answer 4

[shared]

Question 5

Fill in the blank: Culture is _______.

Answer 5

[transmitted]

Question 6

Fill in the blank: Culture is _______.

Answer 6

[cumulative]

Question 7

Fill in the blank: Culture is _______.

Answer 7

[complex]

Question 8

What are some examples of cultural elements to consider about your own culture?

Answer 8

• Identity
• Heritage
• Food
• Music
• Cosmetics
• Plants
• Values like friendliness, respect, and understanding

Reflecting on personal culture can include various aspects such as seasons, aesthetics, and emotional traits.

Question 9

True or False: Animals have culture like humans do.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What metaphor is used to describe culture in relation to visibility?

Answer 10

The cultural iceberg.

Question 11

What is a key belief in Canadian values?

Answer 11

Belief in equality and fairness in a democratic society

Example: removing US flags or boycotting US products

Question 12

What does the belief in consultation and dialogue emphasize in Canadian culture?

Answer 12

Importance of communication and mutual understanding

Question 13

What are the key components of Canadian values?

Answer 13

• Importance of accommodation and tolerance
• Support for diversity
• Compassion and generosity
• Attachment to Canada’s natural beauty
• Commitment to freedom, peace, and non-violent change

Question 14

What is a subculture?

Answer 14

A group within a population whose values, norms, folkways, or mores set them apart from the mainstream culture

Question 15

What are some examples of subcultures?

Answer 15

• Sikh
• Orthodox Jewish
• Amish

Question 16

What defines a counter culture?

Answer 16

A type of subculture that strongly opposes the widely held cultural patterns of a larger population

Question 17

What is multiculturalism?

Answer 17

A concept that supports the inherent value of different cultures within a society

Question 18

What does assimilation refer to?

Answer 18

The process by which minority groups adopt the patterns of the dominant culture

Question 19

What is culture shock?

Answer 19

An emotional response when a person encounters a culture foreign to their own

Question 20

What is cultural appropriation?

Answer 20

The act of taking or using things from cultures that are not your own, especially without showing understanding or respect

Question 21

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 21

View one’s own culture as superior to others

Example: KKK (white supremacist hate group targeting Black Americans)

Question 22

What does cultural relativism emphasize?

Answer 22

Appreciating all cultures having intrinsic worth and need to be evaluated and understood on their own terms

Question 23

What is xenophobia?

Answer 23

Fear and hostility towards people who are from elsewhere or other countries/cultures

Question 24

Define xenocentrism.

Answer 24

Perceiving other groups or societies as superior to your own

Question 25

What are the three sources that inspire cultural change?

Answer 25

* Discoveries * Invention/innovation * Diffusion

Question 26

What is a discovery in the context of cultural change?

Answer 26

Something previously unrecognized or understood is found to have social or cultural applications ## Footnote Example: Plastic-eating bacteria discovered in 2018

Question 27

What is invention/innovation?

Answer 27

Existing cultural items that are manipulated or modified to produce something new and socially valuable ## Footnote Example: Cars such as Diesel, hybrid, and electric cars

Question 28

What does diffusion refer to?

Answer 28

Cultural items or practices transmitted from one group to another ## Footnote Example: Manga and animation

Question 29

True or False: Ethnocentrism promotes understanding of other cultures.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Fill in the blank: _______ refers to fear and hostility towards people who are from elsewhere.

Answer 30

Xenophobia

Question 31

What is Functionalism in the context of cultural theory?

Answer 31

A macro approach that suggests culture helps people meet needs and maintain stability through changes in practices, traditions, and behaviors.

Question 32

What does Conflict Theory focus on?

Answer 32

A macro approach that examines the struggles for power and resources within cultures.

Question 33

What is Symbolic Interactionism?

Answer 33

A micro approach that explores how individuals create and interpret cultural meanings through interactions.

Question 34

What is the focus of Feminism in cultural theory?

Answer 34

A meso approach that addresses gender inequalities and the role of women in cultural contexts.

Question 35

Define Cultural Capital according to Pierre Bourdieu.

Answer 35

A meso concept that refers to non-financial social assets that promote social mobility.

Question 36

What role does culture play according to Functionalism?

Answer 36

It helps people meet their needs and maintain stability and equilibrium.

Question 37

List some examples of Cultural Universals.

Answer 37

* Age grading * Family * Groups * Courtship * Incest taboos * Division of labor * Property rights * Cleanliness training

Question 38

What are some characteristics of cultural practices?

Answer 38

* Gestures * Jokes * Games * Body adornment

Question 39

Fill in the blank: Cultural Capital is a concept introduced by _______.

Answer 39

Pierre Bourdieu

Question 40

True or False: Functionalism is a micro approach to culture.

Answer 40

False

Question 41

What does the term 'cultural appropriation' refer to?

Answer 41

Changes in practices, traditions, and behaviors to maintain cultural stability.

Question 42

What does the meso approach in cultural theory generally address?

Answer 42

Interactions and structures that are larger than individual interactions but smaller than societal systems.

Question 43

What is the significance of environmental pressures in Functionalism?

Answer 43

They lead to changes in cultural practices to maintain stability and equilibrium.