Culture

Question 0

What is the cluster approach?

Answer 0

Easier to do business within ones own cluster

Can be motivated by profits etc to go outside your cluster

Question 1

What is the context approach I.e high context and low context?

Answer 1

High context=communication is deeply embedded in context and is built into the culture

Low context=communication is explicit, you will understand just by reading it and you don’t need to understand the context

Question 2

Hofstede’s dimensions

Answer 2

Power distance
Individualism vs collectivism
Masculine vs feminine
Uncertainty avoidance

Question 3

Power distance

Answer 3

Shows the amount of hierarchy in a culture
How accepted or expected an unequal distribution of power is
High=hierarchical Russia
Low= flat nz

Question 4

Uncertainty avoidence

Answer 4

How much risk a society is willing to tolerate
High UA=create institutions that minimise risk and ambiguity eg planning and regulating
Low UA=comfortable in an unstructured And changeable environment

Question 5

Informal institutions

Answer 5

Culture
Ethics
Values
Norms

Question 6

Formal institutions

Answer 6

Legal and political systems
Govt regulations
Infrastructure development 
Nature of industrial organisation 
Economic system

Question 7

Negotiation process

Answer 7

1. Contact initiation
2. Preparation
3. Bargaining
4. Closure attempts
5. Implementation

Question 8

Job content vs job context

Answer 8

Content = performance, qualities, responsibilities, duties etc

Context = variables around the job, condition, environment you work in etc

Question 9

Leadership content vs context

Answer 9

Content = individual attributes eg knowledge, characteristics of the decision making

Context = all variables related to a particular situation eg variables of the job such as physical location and characteristics of the job

Question 10

What is noise in the communication process?

Answer 10

Anything that undermines the communication of the intended meaning

The more dissimilar the culture the greater the noise

Question 11

What are some forms of non verbal communication?

Answer 11

Visual-gestures signs symbols
Spoken-grunts volume pitch
Tactile-holding touching hugging
Oral-kissing

Question 12

U curve theory

Answer 12

Honeymoon phase
Culture shock
Adjustment
Mastery

Question 13

What is culture shock?

Answer 13

A normal process of transition, adaption and adjustment in which an individual who enters a foreign environment experiences anxiety, stress etc

Question 14

Pros and cons of diversity

Answer 14

Generates more ideas and can enhance creativity

Can lack cohesion, perception issues I.e. stereotypes and issues with time management