Culture and Measurement

Question 1

What is the Klienmann’s exploratory model?

Answer 1

The understanding that clinicians, service users and policy makers have differing explanations of illness.

Question 2

Who is the father of psychometrics and why is it important?

Answer 2

Francis Galton, measurement is key to scientific research,

However, not all measurements are objective.

Question 3

What does the expression of depression show us with regards to the DSM limitations?

Answer 3

The top five features are not included in the DSM symptoms and some symptoms are not expressed in differing countries.

Question 4

What is the goal of measurement in GMH?

Answer 4

Remove western bias, Adapt measures for cultures

Question 5

What are the sub-measures of validity and reliability?

Answer 5

Construct Validity: ability to find cases, Convergent Validity: how well it tracks other measures

Test-retest, Inter-observer, internal consistency.

Question 6

What does the Shona symptom questionnaire display?

Answer 6

The capacity of a integrated approach

Combining qualitative research and WHO self reporting questionnaire.

Validated against:
ETIC gold standard: Clinical interview Instrument
EMIC gold standard: Care provider judgement

Overlap in cultural idioms and constructs and western notions.

Question 7

What does the WHO suggest in terms of the translation of instrument?

Answer 7

Translation-into concept into local idioms-translate back to original, compare two versions, Bi-linguist critical review, Pilot study

Question 8

What is another option, other than the WHO method of translation and why would it be useful?

Answer 8

Forward translations, a panel of bi-linguals meet, translate individually then vote on the most appropriate.

Avoids pitfalls of single translation