Culture Change & Globalization Flashcards
(23 cards)
External sources
Diffusion is responsible for most change
What’s the outcome of diffusion?
Acculturation
Archaeological records
Reveals patterns and trends of culture change
-change in time (weapons changing)
Historical Records
Provides documents about change over time into public aspects of culture such as politics and economics
Life histories
Learning about change through talking with elders where written records may not be available
Ethnographic restudies
Documentation of change
Impact studies
Ethnographic study of a situation to document effects of change
May take place during and/or after a program of cultural restructuring
Define the unilineal evolutionist perspective for cultural change
Emphasized that every culture proceeded through a series of successive stages
What are the 3 stages of Unlineal evolutionist perspective for cultural change
1) savagery
2) barbarism
3) civilization
Savagery
Procuring food through foraging, hunting, and gathering and using tools (bow and arrow)
Barbarism
Innovation of property, domestication of animals and plants
-also smelting of iron
Civilization
Invention of the alphabet
-discussion of kinship & political organization
Who collected early ethnographic data?
Collected by American missionaries, the military, and merchant seamen
-Early paradigms were very linear
When it comes to colonialism, what perspective was used to suppress the exploit indigenous people?
Evolutionary models and data generated were used by governments, bureaucracies and individuals to fuel colonialism
Who used this type of perspective for using to suppress and exploit indigenous people
Lewis Henry Morgan
Define diffusionism
The focus on origins of artifacts and how cultures developed through time
Define Heliocentric diffusionism
Historical and archaeological evidence that pointed to Egypt as the center of cultural innovations and inventions
Define historicalism
Established by Franz Boas
- hypothesized that each culture had its own particular history that could be documented through related ethnographics
How did Franz Boas think data should be collected ?
Data should be gathered through participant observation and detailed recording of a specific culture feature :
customs and practices, rituals, tools, clothing
Why did Franz Boas dismissed early models?
Because they lacked sufficient field data to support their claims about how cultures evolved
What revolutionized dating methods in the 1940s?
Provided a time frame work
-made culture investigations possible of cultural change in prehistory
What role does genetics play in cultural change?
Provided shift from describing human variation
- and fossils to explain why and how change had occurred
Internal sources
Fluctuations, innovations and inventions
– Car, so phone(something you grow into)
