Cumulative Chapters Flashcards
1
Q
Why is there cartilage in the rib cage?
A
so the rib cage can expand as we breathe in (friction)
2
Q
Which cartilages are touching the cricoid and where?
A
thryroid at the arch, arytenoids superior to the lamina, tracheal rings inferiorly
3
Q
what happens first when breathing in- diaphragm flattens or air enter the lungs?
A
diaphragm flattens
4
Q
Which muscles are used for passive inhalation and exhalation?
A
diaphragm contract for inhalation, diaphragm relaxes and return to parachute shape for exhalation
5
Q
What is the inspiratory capacity?
A
combo of volumes: tidal volume(normal breath)+inspiratory reserve volume(large breathe for speech)
6
Q
Which muscles are used to decrease pitch?
A
relaxers: thyroarytenoid muscularis and thyroarytenoid superior, also relax the tensors
7
Q
What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic laryngeal muscles?
A
Extrinsic: elevate and depress entire larynx(swallowing)
Intrinsic: regulate VF movement within the larynx
8
Q
What happens to our voice when we increase the length of time of the closed phase of the vibratory cycle?
A
Intensity increases- voice gets louder
9
Q
What happens to the vocal folds during sustained phonation?
A
remain adducted as air flows through them, causing them to vibrate
10
Q
How do we do we increase pitch?
A
recruit the tensors; increases length and tension but reduces the mass of VFS, VFS vibrate faster
11
Q
What is surfactants?
A
fluid that coats the pleural lining to avoid friction and pain when the lungs expand
12
Q
What is medial compression?
A
adduction and abduction of the VFs
13
Q
What is the attack phase of phonation?
A
when the VFs begin vibrating
14
Q
The VFs are connected to which structures?
A
thyroid(cartilage) behind the notch, coursing posteriorly to each arytenoid
15
Q
What regions make up the vocal tract?
A
Pharynx, nasal and oral cavity
16
Q
What is the source-filter theory?
A
“Source”-Vibration of VFs(unintelligible buzz)
“Filter”-Change in shape of vocal tract(articulation)
17
Q
What structures are included in the oral cavity?
A
lips, tongue, mandible, teeth, hard palate, alveolar ridge, soft palate(velum), uvula
18
Q
What are the 3 divisions of the pharyngeal
cavity?
A
hypopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx
19
Q
Name the 6 mobile articulators.
A
Soft palate(velum), tongue, lips, mandible, cheeks, pharynx
20
Q
Name the 3 immobile articulators.
A
Hard palate, teeth, alveolar ridge
21
Q
Shaping of Consonants
A
obstruction of vocal cords
22
Q
Consonant Traits
A
voicing, place of articulation, manner of articulation
23
Q
Voicing
A
vocal fold vibrating or not(adducted or abducted)
24
Q
Place of Articulation
A
where the articulation point happens
which mobile/immobile articulators are meeting
25
Name the Manner of Articulation(6)
stop, fricatives, nasals, affricates, liquids, glides.
26
Manner of Articulation
degree of constriction
27
Name the places of articulation (7)
bilabial, labiodental, linguadental, alveolar, palatal velar, glottal
28
/p/
voiceless, bilabial, stop
29
bilabial
both lips
30
labiodental
lips and teeth
31
interdental
tongue between teeth
32
alveolar
tongue tip and alveolar ridge
33
palatal
middle of tongue and middle of hard palate
34
velar
back of tongue and soft palatal
35
glottal
vocal folds come together
36
stop
airflow is completely blocked, then released with the burst of air
37
fricative
air streams through a narrow constriction
38
affricate
airflow is initially blocked then released slowly(stop and a fricative)
39
nasal
velum is lowered to allow air to resonate in both oral and nasal cavities
40
List these structures in ascending order (most inferior to most superior):
Manubrium, Pelvic girdle, cervical spine, nasal cavity, diaphragm
Pelvic girdle, diaphragm, manubrium, cervical spine, nasal cavity
41
Lumbar vertebrae
Support lower extremities
42
False ribs
Connect directly to spine, but indirectly to sternum,
43
Body of the sternum
Attachment point for most true ribs,
44
Floating ribs
Do not attach to sternum
45
Tracheal rings
Prevent collapse of the airway
46
Which of the following are examples of connective tissue?
cartilage, bone, hyoid bone, ribs
47
True or False: Surfactant allows friction-free lung expansion, Each lung is encased in its own pleural lining
True
48
True or False: The biological function of the respiratory system is to perform gas exchange
True
49
True or False: The middle portion of the respiratory passageway includes the trachea and bronchi
False
50
True or False: The biological function of the pharynx is to moisten and filter air entering the lungs
False
51
True or False: The trachea is anterior to the esophagus and posterior to the spine
False
52
Why is the posterior tracheal wall muscular?
It shares this wall with the esophagus, which requires contraction
53
The sequence for passive inhalation is:
Diaphragm contracts, ribcage and pleura expand, lung volume increases, lung pressure decreases, air fills the lungs Diaphragm contracts, ribcage and pleura expand, lung volume increases, lung pressure decreases, air fills the lungs
54
How do passive vs. speech inhalation differ?
In timing of respiration cycles, In lung volumes, In muscular contraction
55
What are the main contents of the thoracic cavity?
Heart and lungs
56
Talking normally
The diaphragm, upper thoracic muscles in checking action
57
Passive expiration
Diaphragm recoils to parachute shape,
58
Speaking till you run out of air
Abdominal and lower back muscles contract,
59
Inhaling before normal speech
Diaphragm, accessory muscles of inhalation contract
60
Which of the following occur during active respiration for normal speech?
Diaphragm and upper thoracic muscles are contracted, Checking action is responsible for exhalation being 90% of the cycle
61
The primary muscle of respiration is
Diaphragm
62
Alex (speaking continuously without pause for breath): “How come you always leave your stuff lying all over the house and you dump your junk in my car and the bathroom is this huge mess with your clothes and your dirty socks and these wet towels on the floor –"
Toni: “Whoa, take it easy! What’s the matter? Having a bad day?”
Alex: “I’m really sorry, Toni. I don’t know…(pause)… Today really sucked.”
Which of the following is true for Alex’s first statement?
Forced expiration is occurring
63
Alex (speaking continuously without pause for breath): “How come you always leave your stuff lying all over the house and you dump your junk in my car and the bathroom is this huge mess with your clothes and your dirty socks and these wet towels on the floor –"
Toni: “Whoa, take it easy! What’s the matter? Having a bad day?”
Alex: “I’m really sorry, Toni. I don’t know…(pause)… Today really sucked.”
Which of the following is true for Toni’s statement?
Checking action occurs during speech
64
Alex (speaking continuously without pause for breath): “How come you always leave your stuff lying all over the house and you dump your junk in my car and the bathroom is this huge mess with your clothes and your dirty socks and these wet towels on the floor –"
Toni: “Whoa, take it easy! What’s the matter? Having a bad day?”
Alex: “I’m really sorry, Toni. I don’t know…(pause)… Today really sucked.”
Match the respiratory pattern with the lung volumes used. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.
A. Alex’s first statement
B. Toni’s statement
C. Toni breathing while Alex is speaking
D. Physically impossible
A. TV + IRV + ERV
B. TV + IRV
C. TV only
D. TV + IRV + ERV + RV
65
Which of the following is NOT a biological function of the larynx?
Generating sound by vibration of vocal folds
66
What is the biological function of the larynx?
- Coughing when a sip of water goes down the wrong way
- Assisting with lifting a heavy box
- Preventing entry of stomach contents into lungs during vomiting
67
The thyroid and arytenoid cartilages:
Are both important for speech; one is paired while the other is unpaired; vocal folds insert at one and attach at the other.
68
Arytenoid cartilages
Positioned on upper surface of cricoid cartilage,
69
Epiglottis
Superior-most of all laryngeal cartilages,
70
Thyroid cartilage
Vocal folds originate at the meeting of its laminae
71
Cricoid cartilage
Inferior and posterior boundary of larynx
72
The cricoid is...
Unpaired, Involved with both laryngeal joints, Not an attachment point for vocal folds
73
Intrinsic laryngeal muscles
Enable medial compression and longitudinal tension of the vocal folds,
74
Extrinsic laryngeal ligaments/membranes
Ensure the larynx remains in place in the anterior neck,
75
Extrinsic laryngeal muscles
Enable laryngeal elevation during swallowing
76
Intrinsic laryngeal ligaments/membranes
Ensure that laryngeal cartilages move appropriately in relation to one another
77
To increase loudness...
closed phase of vibratory cycle must be lengthened
78
To decrease pitch...
thyroarytenoid muscularis must be contracted while cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid vocalis are relaxed
79
To increase pitch...
vocal folds must get longer and thinner
80
True or False: When the cricothyroid muscle contracts, there is a pivoting motion at the cricothyroid joint; the thyroid moves anteriorly and inferiorly, causing the vocal folds to elongate.
True
81
True or False: All vocal fold adjustments are made possible by motion at the two laryngeal joints, both connecting to the thyroid cartilage.
False
82
True or False: When muscles around the arytenoids contract, there is a gliding motion at the cricoarytenoid joints; the arytenoids move inwards to cause vocal fold abduction or outwards to cause vocal fold adduction.
False
83
True or False: Ligaments and membranes cause the joints to move, which results in muscle contraction, allowing for movement of the cartilages.
False
84
Intrinsic muscles
Responsible for fine movements of the vocal folds
85
Suprahyoids
Raise the larynx
86
Tensors and relaxers
Regulate elongation of the vocal folds
87
Adductors and abductors
Control medial compression of the vocal folds
88
Where is the Cricothyroid muscles located?
Superior to cricoid arch
89
Where are Oblique interarytenoidsthe muscles located?
Between the two arytenoids
90
Where are the Thyroarytenoid vocalis muscles located?
Within vocal folds
91
When my thyroarytenoid muscularis and superior are engaged,
my vocal folds get shorter, mass increases, they move slower, and my voice gets deeper.
92
Medial compression:
changes the size of the glottis
93
To increase loudness, which muscles need to be engaged more than usual?
Interarytenoids and lateral cricoarytenoids
94
For production of the word “rib,” if phonation was terminated after the vowel, which word would be produced?
Rip
95
For production of the word “rib,” when does medial compression first begin?
Prior to the first phoneme
96
For production of the word “rib,” when is phonation sustained?
Throughout the word
97
Which of the following is CORRECT about the true vocal folds?
They are the division between the subglottal and supraglottal cavities.
98
True or False: Increased subglottal pressure can result in greater amplitude of the waveform during the vibratory cycle.
True
99
True or False : Increased subglottal pressure creates greater tension in elongated vocal folds.
False
100
True or False: c. Increased subglottal pressure is required for higher pitch, but not for higher intensity
False
101
True or false: Subglottal pressure is measured in the laryngeal vestibule.
False
102
To increase pitch:
Tensors are recruited, which results in increased vocal fold length and tension, and decreased vocal fold mass per square area
103
In producing the word "cup," which of the following statements describes the accurate phonation positions?
Attack phase occurs after the first consonant; termination occurs prior to the second consonant; sustained phonation is carried through the vowel.
104
In producing the word "sad," which of the following statements describes the accurate phonation positions?
Attack phase begins right before the vowel; phonation is sustained through the vowel and final consonant and then terminates.
105
To change the word "game" to "came," the following would be required:
Delaying medial compression until immediately after the initial phoneme
