Cumulative Exam

Question 1

removes RNA primer and adds DNA nucleotides

Answer 1

DNA polymerase 1

Question 2

connects Okazaki fragments

Answer 2

DNA ligase

Question 3

relieves stress on the DNA strand

Answer 3

DNA gyrase

Question 4

Adenine and guanine are examples of

Answer 4

Purines

Question 5

Cytosine, thymine and uracil are examples of

Answer 5

Pyramidines

Question 6

complementary base pairs are held together by

Answer 6

Hydrogen bonds (covalent bonds)

Question 7

Non-coding regions are responsible for

Answer 7

Introns, telomeres and tRNA mRNA production

Question 8

DNA replication takes place in the

Answer 8

Nucleus (DNA never leaves the nucleus)

Question 9

The phase in which DNA replication takes place

Answer 9

The S-phase of interphase (directly before mitosis)

Question 10

Coding segments make up

Answer 10

40% of DNA

Question 11

Protein production occurs on the

Answer 11

Ribosome

Question 12

Assists in decoding a messenger RNA sequence into a protein

Answer 12

tRNA (transfer RNA)

Question 13

The amount of bases that can code for a single amino acid

Answer 13

3 (these are referred to as codons)

Question 14

carries information from the gene to the ribosome for translation

Answer 14

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Question 15

Cellular respiration occurs in the

Answer 15

mitochondria

Question 16

A network of protein filaments giving shape and support to the cell

Answer 16

Cytoskeleton

Question 17

Genetic material in a eukaryotic cell is found in the

Answer 17

Nucleus

Question 18

Genetic material in a prokaryotic cell is found in the

Answer 18

Nucleoid region of the cytoplasm

Question 19

Organelle that assists in the processing and transport of lipids and proteins

Answer 19

Endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER - protein synthesis)

Question 20

Fluid filled organelle in the cells of most animals

Answer 20

Vacuole

Question 21

Makes proteins by putting together chains of amino acids using DNA instructions

Answer 21

Ribosome

Question 22

The phosphate group is attached to the

Answer 22

5’ carbon on the sugar in a nucleotide

Question 23

containing ribose and uracil

Answer 23

RNA

Question 24

containing deoxyribose and thymine

Answer 24

DNA

Question 25

The two sides of DNA are considered to be

Answer 25

anti-parallel

Question 26

DNA replication is considered to be

Answer 26

semi-conservative

Question 27

A nucleosome is made up of

Answer 27

8 histones

Question 28

Supercoiling occurs when

Answer 28

DNA strands coil around nucleosomes

Question 29

Replication occurs in a

Answer 29

5' - 3' direction

Question 30

Adds RNA primer

Answer 30

Primase

Question 31

adds DNA nucleotides

Answer 31

DNA primase 3

Question 32

unwinds DNA strands in preparation for replication

Answer 32

Helicase

Question 33

cell that occurs in algae, protozoa, fungi, plants and animals

Answer 33

Eukaryotic cell

Question 34

cell that occurs in bacteria

Answer 34

Prokaryotic

Question 35

Organelle that is - Close in size to a bacterial cell - Have their own DNA - Produces ATP - Produces and contains its own 70s ribosomes - Are the most present in muscle cells or cells that use a lot of energy

Answer 35

Mitochondria (the powerhouse of the cell)

Question 36

2 hydrogen bonds exist between

Answer 36

adenine and thymine

Question 37

3 hydrogen bonds exist between

Answer 37

guanine and cytosine

Question 38

Protein that helps to package DNA

Answer 38

histone

Question 39

The effect of DNA being wrapped around the histones

Answer 39

It is inaccessible to transcription enzymes

Question 40

Purines always pair with

Answer 40

pyramidines

Question 41

supercoiling leads to

Answer 41

cell specialization

Question 42

Highly repetitive sequences of DNA

Answer 42

Satellite DNA (do not have a function)

Question 43

DNA replication begins at

Answer 43

a bubble opened by helicase