Cumulative Final Exam Flashcards
(27 cards)
Which stat describes a single variable?
Descriptive stats
What uses one number that accurately captures a set of numbers, “in general”, “typically”, or “commonly”
Analyzes:
- Mean ( the average number of a set of numbers)
- Median (the 50th percentile of a set of numbers)
- Mode (the most common number of a set of numbers)
Central tendency
What uses one number that describes how spread out or different the numbers are in a distribution
Analyzes:
- Range (the difference between the highest and lowest score)
- Standard deviation (the average distance from the mean—ex: 68% of scores fall between +/- 1 SD from the M
- Variance (the average squared distance from the mean)
Variability
For cental tendency, what do you find for nominal (categorical) variables?
Frequencies or percentages
For central tendency, what do you find for ordinal variables?
Median
For central tendency, what do you find for interval and ratio (continuous) variables?
M, Median if skewed
Which stat describes the relationship between a pair (or more) of variables?
Inferential stats
What are the two main types of statistical analyses?
- ) Test of group differences (whether groups differ in their PROPORTIONS) and whether groups differ in their MEANS
- ) Tests of relationships (relationships between continuous variables)
What test do you perform when you have both interval or ratio variables (test of relationships/continuous variables)?
Pearson’s correlation
What test do you perform when you have both ordinal variables (test of relationships/continuous variables)?
Spearman’s correlation
What test do you perform when you have a set of continuous predictor variables and one continuous outcome variable (test of relationships/continuous variables)?
(Multiple) regression
What test do you perform when you have one nominal variable with two levels and one continuous variable (between-subjects) (tests of group differences/nominal and continuous variables)?
Independent samples t-test
What test do you perform when you have one variable with two levels and one continuous variable (within-subjects) (tests of group differences/nominal and continuous variables)?
Paired-samples t-test
What test do you perform when you have one nominal variable with two (or MORE) levels and one continuous variable (between-subjects) (tests of group differences/nominal and continuous variables)?
Between-subjects ANOVA
What test do you perform when you have one nominal variable with two (or MORE) levels and continuous variables (within-subjects) (tests of group differences/nominal and continuous variables)?
Within-subjects ANOVA
What test do you perform when you have two nominal variables?
Chi-square test of independence
What test do you perform to test group differences in proportions?
Chi-square test of independence
What test do you perform to test the difference between the sample and population means?
One-sample t-test
What test do you perform to test the difference between the sample and population proportions?
Chi-square goodness of fit test
What is the appropriate effect size for correlation?
r²
What is the appropriate effect size for regression?
R²
What is the appropriate effect size for ANOVA?
η²
What is the appropriate effect size for t-test?
Cohen’s d
What is the appropriate effect size for chi-square test of independence?
Cramer’s V
