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Exercise Physiology > Cumulative Final Review > Flashcards

Cumulative Final Review Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

What is the primary fuel for the PCr system?

A

Phosphocreatine

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2
Q

What is the primary fuel for Glycolysis

A

Carbohydrates (glucose or glycogen)

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3
Q

What is the primary factor that determines the dominant energy system supplying the ATP necessary for an activity? What other two factors are involved?

A

Primary
-Intensity of exercise: the rate at which you need ATP will determine the system you use (Duration and ability to consume oxygen)

Other

  • To a lesser degree duration of exercise will determine the extent to which each system is used to provide ATP
  • Individuals ability to consume oxygen which involves transport of oxygen via the cardiovascular system and utilization of oxygen in the mitochondria
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4
Q

What energy system uses MyosinATPase

A

PCr

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5
Q

What energy system uses Phosphofructokinase

A

glycolysis

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6
Q

What energy system uses Isocitrate dehydrogenase

A

Krebs Cycle…IDH is rate controlling enzyme

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7
Q

what energy system uses phosphorylase

A

glycolysis

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8
Q

what energy system uses lactate dehydrogenase muscle form

A

fast glycolysis

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9
Q

what energy system uses lactate dehydrogenase heart form

A

fast glycolysis

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10
Q

what energy system uses hexokinase

A

glycolysis

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11
Q

what energy system uses NADH dehydrogenase

A

ETC

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12
Q

what energy system uses hormone sensitive lipase

A

fat utilization

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13
Q

what energy system uses ubiquione

A

ETC

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14
Q

what energy system uses cytochrome oxidase

A

ETC

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15
Q

what energy system uses ATP synthase

A

ETC

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16
Q

what energy system uses pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

A

Krebs…converts pyruvate to acetyl coA so it can be used in Krebs

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17
Q

What is the probable cause of fatigue during exercise lasting longer than 2 hours?

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A

glycogen depletion

18
Q

What is the probable cause of fatigue during high intensity exercise activities lasting 45 sec to 2 min

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A

Metabolic Acidosis

19
Q

What are the probable adaptations to training the ATP-PCr System

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A
  • Increased power and strength due to Type II Recruitment
  • Increased PCr Stores
  • Increased creatine kinase and myokinase
  • Increased myosinATPase
  • Increase typeII myosin heavy chain type
  • increase Na-K ATPase
20
Q

What are the probably adaptations to training fast glycolysis

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A
  • increased lactate production
  • increased muscle glycogen
  • increased FG enzymes: Phosphorylase, PFK, PK, LDH
  • Decreased rate of K leak from sarcolemma maintains polarization
  • increase in Na-K ATPase
  • Improved buffering capacity- sodium bicarb
  • Improved pain tolerance/mental tolerance
21
Q

What are the probable adaptations to training slow glycolysis

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A
  • binding sites on cells become more sensitive to insulin during exercise
  • increased A-VO2 difference
  • aerobic training produces changes in all fiber types leading to increased endurance
  • increased cardiovascular function leads to increased oxygen transport
22
Q

What are the probable adaptations to training fat utilization

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A
  • increased sensitivity of hormone sensitive lipase
  • greater number of mitochondria
  • Increased CPT1 and CPT2
  • Increased beta Oxidation enzymes
23
Q

What are the characteristics of Type I muscle fibers

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A
  • small motor neuron
  • high mitochondrial density
  • high fatigue resistance
  • most desirable for endurance activities
24
Q

What are the characteristics of Type IIa muscle fibers

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A
  • large motor neuron

- moderate mitochondrial density

25
what are the characteristics of Type IIx muscle fibers
- Large motor neurn - low mitochondrial density - high anaerobic properties - most desirable for sprint/power activities
26
Define motor recruitment and it's use in training
- Increased force = increased motor unit recruitment - only motor units recruited to produce force and will be subject to change with training - force - range of motion
27
The size principle refers to...
- Motor unit recruitment - first type, increased intensity and increased recruitment of Type IIa high intensity recruitment IIx for power - Doesn't mean you stop recruiting smaller ones just add higher
28
What is the function of Golgi Tendon Organs?
- sense small changes in tension of tendon - inhibit contracting muscles and stimulate antagonistic muscles to prevent injury - not sensitive to high speed stretch - Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching (PNF Stretching)
29
What is the function of muscle spindles?
- muscle spindes respond to stretch and rate (velocity) of stretch - control mechanism for how much force you need - their function is to resist stretch to produce necessary forces - to release contractile force to accommodate resistance being applied - increase rate = increased response - plyometric exercises = box jump
30
Plyometric exercises take advantage of which proprioceptor?
muscle spindle
31
resistance stretching takes advantage of which proprioceptor
golgi tendon organs
32
Why is VO2 max a measure of cardiovascular function
- the more o2 you can consume to more ATP you can produce - high VO2 max also means high CO and SV which means the heart does not have to work as hard to transport the oxygen through the body
33
Stroke volume is
the amount of blood pumped per ventricular contraction
34
cardiac output is
the amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle per minute (cardiac output = stroke volume x Heart Rate)
35
The two changes in blood flow that helps meet the increase 02 need during exercise are
heart rate and blood pressure
36
What are blood lipid levels that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?
Total cholesterol > 200 mg/dl LDL > 130 mg/dl HDL < 40 mg/dl
37
What are the ACSM guideline for exercise intensity?
Max HR method: 55/65 - 90 % of predicted HR max Karvonen method: 40/50 - 85 % or HRreserve + HRrest
38
What are the ACSM guideline for duration of exercise?
- Dependent on intensity - 150 min/week of moderate intensity exercise - 75 minutes of vigorous intensity of exercise
39
Double product is used to assess
workload on the heart...use in rehab for heart patients
40
the electrocardiogram is used to assess
electrical activity of the heart to determine: - heart rate - heart rhythm - conduction abnormalities - prior heart attack - heart abnormalities
41
Normal blood pressure range is
110/60 - 119/79
42
high blood pressure begins at
140/90

Exercise Physiology (2 decks)

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