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social and developmental > Current Issues in Social Psychology > Flashcards

Current Issues in Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is social psychology according to Allport (1935, p.5)

A

“The scientific investigation of how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviours of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others”

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2
Q

Which is an Overt behaviour?

A

A. Thoughts
B. Goals
C. Fighting
D. Feelings

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3
Q

What did Folk Psychology determine in the late 1800s?

A

The collective mind. A societal way of thinking eg. crowds

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4
Q

What approach did Tarde establish in (1898)?

A

The bottom -up approach
(the consideration of the individual)

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5
Q

What are the main two strands of Social Psychology?

A

Psychological and Sociological

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6
Q

What is the origin of the Psychological strand?

A

Logical empiricism

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7
Q

What is the methodological approach to the psychological strand?

A

Quantitative/ Hypothetic-deductive
e.g. experimental

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8
Q

What is the origin of the Sociological strand?

A

Social constructionist / humanistic

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9
Q

What is the methodological approach to the sociological strand?

A

Qualitative/ Indicative
e.g. discourse analysis

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10
Q

What did Shove (2010) state?

A

That society changes as a group/ whole
Psychologists and Sociologists shouldn’t work together.

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11
Q

What did Durkheim state about social psychology?

A

That social laws are determined by society as a collective.

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12
Q

what was Whitmash, O’Neil and Lorenzoni (2010)’s response to Shove (2010)?

A

Her models were over simplistic portrayals of society.

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13
Q

Examples of Social Psychological Methods?

A

Surveys, Interviews, Focus Groups

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14
Q

What’s an issue with lab based experiment?

A

low in external validity

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15
Q

What’s a pro to using a lab based experiment

A

high in internal validity
avoidance of confounding variables

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16
Q

What’s a con to using field experiments?

A

less control over variables
difficult to randomly assign participants

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17
Q

What are demand characteristics?

A

Where the participants are aware of the hypothesis (or think they are) and change their behaviour which is either consistent or inconsistent wit the hypothesis.

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18
Q

What are the three Level 3 Strategies of the model developed by Corneille & Lush (2021)? (demand characteristics)

A

Faking
Imagination
Phenomenological Control

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19
Q

Faking (Corneille & Lush, 2021)

A

Intentional and Conscious
No genuine experience

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20
Q

Imagination (Corneille & Lush, 2021)

A

Intentional and conscious
genuine experience

21
Q

Phenomenological Control (Corneille & Lus, 2021)

A

Intentional and unconscious
Genuine Experience

22
Q

4 ways to avoid Demand characteristics?

A

double blind studies
funnelled debrief
quasi controls
deception & distraction

23
Q

3 types of sensitivity (Tourangeau & Yan, 2007)

A

Intrusiveness: topics perceived as private or taboo.
Threat of disclosure: costs of potential disclosure.
Social desirability: adhere to social norms.

24
Q

6 ways to deal with sensitive questioning

A

anonymous research setting- no interviewer
have objective data
non-threading question wording
Assurance of confidentiality and data protection
bogus pipeline procedure
anonymous response techniques

25
Q

What are the 6 Ethics Guidelines according to the BPS (2014)?

A

Risk- harmful procedures or long term effects on the participant
Consent- study info, written consent, option to withdraw
Confidentiality- anonymity, reporting, destruction of data
Advice
Deception - to assure natural behaviour
Debriefing - explanation, to leave the participant with out effects

26
Q

what 3 factors should a psychologist consider when adding deception to an experiment?

A

that there are no other deceptive means within the experiment
the contribution of the experiment to science
the deception won’t cause harm

27
Q

What are examples of Neo-behaviourism?

A

beliefs, feelings, motives.

28
Q

What two main studies did Behaviourism originate from?

A

Classical Conditioning- Pavlov
Operant conditioning- Skinner

29
Q

What is the Gestalt theory?

A

The sum is greater than its parts (Koffka, 1935)

30
Q

What is cognitive Psychology?

A

the idea that we actively interpreted change our environment through our thinking.

31
Q

what is Social Cognition?

A

how cognitive processes and representations are constructed and influence behaviour

32
Q

3 components of social cognition

A

attitudes, dual process models, schemas

33
Q

What is evolutionary social psychology based on?

A

our ancestral past of human development- Evolution and the Darwinian Theory

34
Q

What is the collectivist meta-theory?

A

Our behaviour is dependent on a socially constructed group norm.

35
Q

What is the individualistic personality meta-theory?

A

Our behaviour is dependent on our individual differences and characteristics

36
Q

What does the neuroscience and biochemistry meta-theory state?

A

That our psychological processes occur in the brain, therefore must be associated with electro-chemical brain activity.

37
Q

What is a critique with Behaviourism?

A

It exaggerates the extent to which people are passive to the situation

38
Q

What is a critique with Cognitive Psychology?

A

may struggle to account for irrational or automatic behaviour

39
Q

What is a critique with Evolutionary approaches?

A

Can it really account for the complexity of social behaviour?

40
Q

What is a critique with Individualistic personality?

A

People behave differently in different situations

41
Q

What is a critique with the Collective?

A

its difficult to predict which groups people might identify with

42
Q

What is a critique with Neuroscience and biochemistry?

A

Does locating processes alone help us with understanding them?

43
Q

What is reductionism?

A

Reducing the complexity of a situation to a lower means/ level

44
Q

What is an issue with Reductionism?

A

It can leave the original question unanswered

45
Q

What is a benefit of reductionism?

A

It breaks down the problem for analysis into smaller components

46
Q

What is Positivism?

A

A non- critical acceptance of scientific method
study of humans- biased and not objective

47
Q

What is Hindsight Bias?

A

The tendency for people to see a given outcome as “obvious” once the actual outcome becomes known

48
Q

What is data sharing?

A

Depositing anonymised data sets in shared repositories.

49
Q

Two systems that have been implicated to avoid fraudulent data?

A
  • Pre registration of studies (to indicate analyses in advance)
  • Statistical Developments (to detect the fraudulent data)
  • open access to published research

social and developmental (10 decks)

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