Customs of the Tagalogs

Question 1

A Spanish Friar for the Franciscan order who was in the Philippines for most of his missionary life

Answer 1

JUAN DE PLASENCIA

Question 2

Juan De Plasencia wrote several religious and linguistic books including _______

Answer 2

The Customs of the Tagalogs

Question 3

What was the first book ever printed in the Philippines?

Answer 3

Doctrina Cristiana

Question 4

What is the real name of Juan De Plasencia?

Answer 4

Juan Portocarrero

Question 5

male attire was composed of the _____ (sleeveless jacket) and _____ (loincloth)

Answer 5

kanggan and bahag

Question 6

The color of the kanggan indicates rank. What are those?

Answer 6

• red for the chief
• black or blue for the commoners

Question 7

men also wear a turban called ____, which also tell the social status/achievement of the individual wearing it

Answer 7

putong

Question 8

female attire consisted of ____ or ____ (jacket with sleeves) and ____ or _____ (a long skirt)

Answer 8

baro;camisa and saya;patadyong

Question 9

some women wore a piece of red or white cloth on top of their skirt called _____

Answer 9

tapis

Question 10

What does men and women wear to look attractive?

Answer 10

ornaments

Question 11

What were also fashionable for some pre-colonial Filipinos; and exhibits a man’s war record

Answer 11

Tattoos

Question 12

term coined by the Spaniards for the Visayans

Answer 12

Islas del Pintados

Question 13

the society was made up of three classes:

Answer 13

• nobles (datu and their families)
• mahadlika or maharlika (freemen)
• alipin (dependents)

Question 14

Members of nobility were titled as ____

Answer 14

gat and lakan

Question 15

What is the status of women in pre-colonial philippine society?

Answer 15

• women had the right to inherit property, engage in trade and industry, and succeed to the chieftainship of the barangay in the absence of a male heir
• had the only right to name their children
• men walked behind them as a sign of respect

Question 16

courtship usually begins with _____

Answer 16

paninilbihan

Question 17

If the man wins the trust of the parents, he does not immediately marry the woman, but he has to satisfy several conditions:

Answer 17

• give a dowry or bigay-kaya
• pay the panghihimuyat
• pay the wet nurse bigay-suso
• pay the parents himaraw
• bribe for the relatives called sambon (among the Zambals)

Question 18

weddings of upperclass were officiated by _____

Answer 18

priestess or babaylan

Question 19

What is thrown on the couple after the
wedding ceremony?

Answer 19

Uncooked rice

Question 20

what marriage were allowed in pre-colonial society?

Answer 20

mixed marriage

Question 21

legitimate children inherits what?

Answer 21

their parents’ property even without any written will and was divided equally among the children

Question 22

children of what are given freedom and others?

Answer 22

children of dependent mothers

Question 23

who inherits the property of childless couples?

Answer 23

nearest relative

Question 24

what is the unit of government called?

Answer 24

barangay/balangay

Question 25

barangays were headed by chieftains called ____

Answer 25

datu

Question 26

other than being the chief executive what other roles does the datu have?

Answer 26

the legislator, and the judge, and the supreme commander in times of war

Question 27

alliances among barangays were formalized in a ritual called ____

Answer 27

sangduguan

Question 28

guilty of crimes were punished by

Answer 28

either fine or death

Question 29

how to determine the innocence of an accused?

Answer 29

he is made to go through a number of ordeals which he must pass

Question 30

examples of ordeals he must pass:

Answer 30

- dipping one's hand in boiling water - holding a lighted candle that must not be extinguished - plunging into a river and staying underwater for as long as possible - chewing uncooked rice and spitting

Question 31

pre-colonial Filipinos believed in?

Answer 31

the immortality of the soul and in life after death

Question 32

they also believed in the existence of a number of gods, like:

Answer 32

- Bathalang Maykapal (Creator) - dinayale (god of agriculture) - Sidapa (god of death) - Balangaw (rainbow god)

Question 33

diseases were thought to be caused by?

Answer 33

the temper of the environmental spirits

Question 34

What did the Spaniard noted when they came to the Philippines?

Answer 34

Cebu and Palawan were abundant in many agricultural foodstuffs

Question 35

agricultural productivity was enhancea by use of irrigation ditches like

Answer 35

Ifugao Rice Terraces

Question 36

landholding was either _____ and _____

Answer 36

- public (less arable land that could be tilled freely by anyone) - private (rich and cultivated lands belonging to nobles and datus)

Question 37

less arable land that could be tilled freely by anyone

Answer 37

public landholding

Question 38

rich and cultivated lands belonging to nobles and datus

Answer 38

private landholding

Question 39

what is fermented sap of palm trees ?

Answer 39

liquor called tuba

Question 40

was a thriving industry for those who live in the coast or near rivers and lakes

Answer 40

Fishing

Question 41

home industry that was dominated by women

Answer 41

weaving

Question 42

weaving uses:

Answer 42

crude wooden looms, textiles such as sinamay from hemp, mearinaque from banana, cotton, linen, and silk

Question 43

was conducted between or among barangays, or even among the islands

Answer 43

trade/trading

Question 44

sometimes, goods were priced in terms of

Answer 44

gold or metal gongs

Question 45

Philippine pre-colonial culture was basically _____

Answer 45

Malayan in structure and form

Question 46

there are more than one hundred languages in the Philippines, eight of which are considered major languages. They are:

Answer 46

Tagalog Iloko Pangasinan Pampangan Sugbuhanon Hiligaynon Samarnon or Samar-Leyte, and Magindanao

Question 47

our languages are descended from ______ or ______

Answer 47

Austronesian or Malayo-Polynesian language

Question 48

before the arrival of the Spaniards, Filipinos used a ______

Answer 48

syllabary (probably a Sanskrit or Arabic provenance)

Question 49

pre-colonial literature may be classified into :

Answer 49

floating or oral and written literature

Question 50

most of the pre-colonial drama was held in the ______

Answer 50

sambahan or places of worship

Question 51

dramas developed into different forms such as:

Answer 51

the pagbati, karagatan, tagayan, pananapatan, sabalan, and tibaw

Question 52

the karagatan was a debate in verse in which a problem is resolved; it developed into the ____ during the Spanish period and then into the _____ in 1924 during the American period

Answer 52

duplo, balagtasan

Question 53

first glimpse of art can be seen in?

Answer 53

primitive tools and weapons that were polished along the lines of leaves and petals of flowers