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Immunology Test #2 > Cutaneous and Mucosal Immune Systems + Vaccination > Flashcards

Cutaneous and Mucosal Immune Systems + Vaccination Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What is Waldeyer’s Ring?

A

The ring of lymphoid tissues around the entrance of the gut/airway
Formed by Tonsils and Adenoids

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2
Q

Two forms of lymphatics found in the gut

A

Organized

Single Lymphoid Follicles

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3
Q

Purpose of M cells?

A

Specialized to transport microorganisms to gut-associated lymphoid tissues

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4
Q

Two examples of built-in secondary lymphoid tissues of the gut

A

Peyer’s Patches

Colonic Patches

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5
Q

Describe the functional relationship of M cells and Peyer’s Patches

A

M cells capture bacteria from the gut lumen, deliver it and their antigens to dendritic cells/lymphocytes of Peyer’s Patch

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6
Q

Antibody that works in the intestinal lumen? How?

A

IgA

Enters via transcytosis across epithelial cells

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7
Q

What binding molecule aids IgA in transcytosis?

A

PIgR

Polymerized IG A Receptor

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8
Q

How do dendritic cells capture gut antigens?

A

DCs can extend processes across the epithelial cell layer to capture antigens from the gut lumen

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9
Q

How do gut homing T cells make it work?

A

Bind to interstitial vascular endothelium, enter lam. pro.

In LP, gut-homing T cells bind chemokines of intestinal epit.

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10
Q

Effector cells found in healthy intestinal epithelium

A

Tregs

CD8, CD4, Plasma, Mast, Macro, DC

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11
Q

How is IgG transported from the gut to the lumen?

A

FcRn

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12
Q

M cells work in what three locations

A

Peyer’s
Adenoids
Tonsils

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13
Q

Three types of vaccines utilized?

A

Active Immunization
Passive Immunization
DNA/Recombinant Vaccines

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14
Q

How might an attenuated virus be generated?

A

Pathogenic virus isolated from human cells
Virus is grown in monkey cell culture
Cell mutates/adapts to monkey cells
These no longer grow well in humans, use for vaccine

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15
Q

Active Immunity is…

A

Development of antibodies in response to injected foreign antigen
(Vaccination)

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16
Q

Passive Immunity is…

A

Using antibodies from a donor and transferring them in order to provide immediate protection

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17
Q

Children
Hepatitis B
Vaccine Date(s)? Type?

A

Birth
1-2 months
6-18 months
Subunit Vaccine

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18
Q

Children
Rotavirus
Vaccine Date(s)? Type?

A

2 months
4 months
6 months
Attenuated Virus/Recombinant Live Virus

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19
Q

Children
DTaP
Vaccine Date(s)?

A 
2 months
4 months
6 months
15-18 months
4-6 years
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20
Q

Children
Tdap
Vaccine Date(s)?

A

11-12 years

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21
Q

Children
Hemoph. flu AND Pneumococcal Conjugate (PCV13)
Vaccine Date(s)? Type?

A

2 months
4 months
6 months
12-18 months

Polysaccharide conjugated to protein

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22
Q 
Children
Inactivated Poliovirus (IPV)
Vaccine Date(s)? Type?
A

2 months
4 months
6 months-19 months
4-6 years

Attenuated or Killed Virus

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23
Q

Children
Influenza
Vaccine Date(s)? Type?

A

Annually after age of 6 months

Inactivated Virus

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24
Q

Children
MMR AND Varicella
Vaccine Date(s)? Type?

A

12-18 months
4-6 years

Attenuated Virus

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25
Children Hepatitis A Vaccine Date(s)? Type?
Two doses between age 1 and 2 | Subunit Vaccine
26
Children HPV Vaccine Date(s)? Type?
11-12 years (3 dose series) Subunit Vaccine
27
Children Meningococcus Vaccine Date(s)?
11-12 years | 16-17 years
28
Varicella vaccine prevents
Chicken Pox
29
DTaP vaccine presents
Diptheria, Pertussis, Tetanus
30
Hib Vaccine prevents
Hemophilus influenzae type b
31
MMR vaccin prevents
Measles, Mumps, Rubella
32
IPV vaccine prevents
Polio
33
RV vaccine prevents against
Rotavirus
34
______ Polio virus is no longer recommended for routine immunization in the US
Oral
35
Who gets pneumovax?
Old people and high risk patients (sickle cell, HIV, IC, asthma, smokers)
36
Two examples of a toxoid vaccine?
Diptheria | Tetanus
37
Types of vaccine in DTaP?
Diptheria -- Toxoid Tetanus -- Toxoid Pertussis -- Killed Bacteria (toxoid+other antigens)
38
What vaccines do you avoid giving to a pregnant or IC person? Why?
MMR, Polio, Varicella | Live attenuated viruses may be able to take hold in an immunocompromised patient
39
What is unique about the live-attenuated vaccine against salmonella typhi?
Mutagenesis and selection for loss of the LPS necessary for pathogenesis
40
Why use a conjugate vaccine?
Polysaccharides cannot activate T cells Only proteins for MHC presentation No Ts = No high affinity B action
41
What happens when a conjugate vaccine is utilized?
B cells take sin polysaccharide with attached toxoid Peptides from toxoid are presented to T cell T activates B B differentiates into a plasma cell that makes tons of anti-polysacch.
42
Two typical components of a Vaccine
Antigen and Adjuvant
43
Two functions of adjuvants?
``` Activate cells (APC, B, T, tissue cells) Sustained release of antigens (alum or oil) ```
44
How do alum/oil lead to the sustained release of antigens?
Enhance antigen uptake by the APC | Slow release is beneficial
45
benefits of using vaccines with adjuvants?
Less active component required Less repeat vaccinations Help weak immune systems (old and young)
46
Most prevalent Adjuvant
Alum
47
With multiple immunizations, Ig___ will increase response/affinity. Ig __ will stay the same.
IgG goes up | IgM does not
48
Antibodies produced in an unimmunized primary reaction? Immunized donor secondary response?
1 -- Ig GAME | 2 -- Ig GAE
49
Risk of vaccination?
Live attenuated viruses can revert to become pathogenic | Don't give these vaccines to immunocompromised people
50
Adult Influenze Vaccine Date(s)?
Once Annually
51
Adult Tetanus Vaccine Date(s)?
Tdap booster every 10 years
52
Adult Varicella Vaccine Date(s)?
Two doses at some point?
53
Adult HPV Vaccine Date(s)?
3 doses btw 19-26
54
Adult Zoster Vaccine Date(s)?
One at Age 60+
55
Adult MMR Vaccine Date(s)?
Booser of 1-2 doses between 19-55
56
``` Adult Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Date(s)? ```
Dose above 65 years
57
Possible adverse effect associated with Hep B
Anaphylaxis
58
Possible adverse effect associated with Meases vaccine
Thrombocytopenia | Anapy. + Disseminated Disease in IC
59
Possible adverse effect of DTP
Chronic Encephalopathy
60
Possible adverse effects of tetanus-toxoid contianing vaccines?
Guillain Barre syndrome Brachial Neuritis Anaphylaxis
61
List five new technologies in vaccine design.
Gene Clinic Genetic engineering to make attenuated mutant strands Trying with epitopes, rather than whole proteins DNA vaccine Add in cytokines to boost Th1 response

Immunology Test #2 (8 decks)

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