CV 2 anatomy

Question 1

the _____ _____ contains an endothelium made up of simple squamous cells, a basal lamina/basement membrane of thin connective tissue layer of collagen, and in some a vessels an internal elastic lamina.

Answer 1

tunica interna aka tunica intima

Question 2

the ____ ____ contains varying layers of elastic connective tissue(external elastic lamina) and or smooth muscle fibers

Answer 2

tunica media

Question 3

a loose connective tissue layer that surrounds all but the smallest vessels made of fibrous connective tissue

Answer 3

tunica adventitia (external coat)

Question 4

What 4 principal components do vessels have ?

Answer 4

1. endothelium
2. elastic tissue
3. smooth muscle
4. fibrous tissue

Question 5

the aorta and its primary branches would be considered what type of arteries ?

Answer 5

elastic arteries

Question 6

What is the thickest layer of the elastic artery ?

Answer 6

tunica media

composed of 40-60 layers of concentric layers of elastic tissue fibers

Question 7

what is the function of the elastic arteries?

Answer 7

1. hydrostatic pressure damping
2. conduct blood from the heart to the distributing arteries

Question 8

the elastic arteries have a high____content and high _______.

Answer 8

the elastic arteries have a high elastin content and high compliance.

Question 9

the elastic arteries function to pressure dampen due to the Windkessel effect. Explain

Answer 9

the elastic arteries distend during systole and recoil during diastole which reduces oscillations in blood pressure.

Recoil maintains blood flow during diastole

Question 10

what type of vessel?

• because they contain elastic tissue these arteries convert much of the systolic blood pressure into wall tension(stretch)
• wall tension is partially released during diastole thus maintaining hydrostatic pressure

Answer 10

elastic arteries

Question 11

5 examples of muscular arteries ?

Answer 11

1. facial
2. brachial
3. radial
4. femoral
5. tibial arteries

Question 12

which layer of the muscular arteries is not typical?

Answer 12

The tunica media

• mostly smooth muscle: 10-40 layers of smooth muscle
• less elastic tissue fibers

Question 13

what vessel?

lots of smooth muscle in the tunica media and comparatively small lumen compared to wall thickness

Answer 13

muscular arteries

Question 14

what are the functions of muscular arteries?

Answer 14

1. distributes blood to regions of individual organs
2. gradually drops blood pressure by about 20 mm hg over the length of these vessels MOA: alters vessel radius in response to stimulus which alters vascular resistance modifying blood flow and or arterial blood pressure. BP also decreases along these vessels as described by P’s law

Question 15

The structural progression of vessels from elastic to muscular is gradual and leads to arteries of mixed type. List 5

Answer 15

1. axillary
2. internal and external jugular
3. internal and external iliac arteries

Question 16

_______consist of small vessels that connect the arterial and venous circulations.

Answer 16

microvessels

Question 17

the structure of these of these micro vessels consists of;

• proportionately thicker wall and smaller lumen than an artery
• elastic components are still present but no internal/external elastic laminae
• tunica media 1-5 layers of smooth muscle

Answer 17

arterioles

Question 18

4 types of microvessels

Answer 18

1. arterioles
2. capillaries
3. venules
4. arteriovenous anastomoses

Question 19

______ are the main controllers of peripheral vascular resistance and the greatest pressure drop

Answer 19

arterioles

Question 20

what vessel

the resistance vessels: blood pressure drops by about 60 mm hg over the length of these vessels

Answer 20

arterioles

Question 21

what vessel?

vasoconstriction and vasodilation: respond to nervous stimulation, hormonal stimulation, or local metabolite concentrations to adjust resistance and regulate blood flow or pressure

Answer 21

arterioles

Question 22

the elastic laminae is no longer present in these vessels but still contain elastin

Answer 22

arterioles

Question 23

these vessels are often co-located with venules

Answer 23

arterioles

Question 24

which vessel has a lot of smooth muscle and can completely occlude (flow)

Answer 24

terminal (arteriole)

Question 25

the structure of this vessel is endothelium and basal lamina only.( just a tunica intima) No tunica media or tunica adventitia

Answer 25

capillaries

Question 26

this type of capillary has a continuous endothelium without fenestrations

Answer 26

continuous capillary

Question 27

where would continuous capillaries be located? 4

Answer 27

muscle and connective tissues, CNS(BBB), gonads

Question 28

often covered by a diaphragm of radially oriented fibrils that allow numerous particles to pass through. large particles can pass through but fentrastions still to small for proteins and RBCs to pass

Answer 28

fenestrated capillaries

Question 29

fenestrated capillaries are located where? 5

Answer 29

fenestrated capillaries are located where? GI mucosa, endocrine glands, exocrine glands, renal glomerular capillaries, choroid plexus

Question 30

sinusoidal capillaries are located where? 5

Answer 30

liver, bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, some endocrine glands

Question 31

this type of capillary functions to permit relatively free exchange of fluid and small solutes between plasma and tissue fluids

Answer 31

fenestrated capillaries

Question 32

Continuous capillaries and fenestrated capillaries contain a continuous basement membrane, but \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. (What is different about sinusoidal capillaries)

Answer 32

sinusoidal capillaries have a discontinuous basement membrane

Question 33

these capillaries contain very large openings in the endothelium that permit relatively free exchange of proteins and cells between tissue and plasma

Answer 33

sinusoidal capillaries

Question 34

are capillaries always open? explain

Answer 34

Approximately 25% of capillaries are perfused at any time, most are not open, there is not enough blood to perfuse them

Question 35

explain vasomotion in relation to capillary blood flow.

Answer 35

* precapillary sphincters and metarterioles contract and relax causing intermittent blood flow through capillaries.

Question 36

what cause vasomotion?

Answer 36

release of chemicals from the endothelium (NO and endothelin)

Question 36

what cause vasomotion?

Answer 36

release of chemicals from the endothelium (NO and endothelin)

Question 37

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are smooth muscle cells that surround the mouth of a capillary at the point where it branches from an arteriole.

Answer 37

precapillary sphincters

Question 38

\_\_\_\_\_are the last chance for control over capillary flow, no smooth muscle in capillaries beyond this point

Answer 38

precapillary sphincters

Question 39

precapillary sphincters are not _____ and controlled by ____ \_\_\_\_ concentrations.

Answer 39

precapillary sphincters are not **innervated** and controlled by **local metabolite** concentrations.

Question 40

distributing (medium)/muscular arteries have a _____ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_and a _____ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. ## Footnote **on the slides**

Answer 40

internal elastic lamina and external elastic lamina