CV and Blood

Question 1

Blood

Answer 1

Is a fluid(specialized) connective tissue made up of cells and plasma

Question 2

What is the blood functions?

Answer 2

• Transport of nutrients and oxygen to cells
• Transport of wastes and carbon dioxide away from cells
• Delievery of hormones to and from cells
• Maintains homeostasis(participates in coagulation and thermoregulation)
• Transports cells of the immune system to protect the body

Question 3

Hematopoiesis

Answer 3

It is the formation of blood cells.

Question 4

Where is hemoatopoesis first recognized ?

Answer 4

Yolk Sac of the developing embryo, liver and spleen take over function early fetal period

Question 5

What is the major blood forming organ during the second trimester of development?

Answer 5

Liver

Question 6

Where does hematopoiesis takes place in of the fifth month of fetal development?

Answer 6

Bone Marrow

Question 7

What is bone marrow?

Answer 7

Is the primary site for blood cell development after birth.

Question 8

What is PHSC(pluoripotent hematopoietic stem cells)?

Answer 8

Is the stem cell for all blood cells and cell fragments.

Question 9

What are the percentage of formed elements? And what are the three things they composed of?

Answer 9

45%.

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes and Thrombocytes.

Question 10

What does the buffy coat consist of?

Answer 10

(1%) Leukocytes and Platlets

Question 11

What is the percentage of Plasma? And what is it composed of?

Answer 11

55%

• Water(92%)
• Proteins(%7) and Albumin makes up 58% of the proteins and there is also fibrinogen,, globulins and other regulatory proteins

-Electrolytes, nutrients, gases and waste products.

Question 12

What are megakaryocytes?

Answer 12

They are large cells with a nucleus( polyploid) and they produce platelets.

-They release platelets into the blood stream.

Question 13

Where are magakaryocytes found?

Answer 13

Only found in the bone marrow

Question 14

What are platelets?

Answer 14

• They are non-nucleated cell fragments
• Promote blood clotting
• Repair minor tears/leaks in blood vessel walls

Question 15

What is the most formed element?

Answer 15

Erythrocytes.. Makes up 99%

Question 16

What is the lifespan of a RBC?

Answer 16

120 days

Question 17

Is the RBC nucleated?

Answer 17

Nope and it is bi-concave

Question 18

Why is there a biconcave shape of the RBC?

Answer 18

Increase surface area, to transport Gas exchange.

Question 19

Do the RBC allow deformation?

Answer 19

YES! Because it is not rigid bc of its shape.

Question 20

Does the RBC stack?

Answer 20

Yes, because it is for easy flow through the blood vessels.

Question 21

When do RBC lose their nucleus?

Answer 21

In the bone marrow and it also has NO organelles

Question 22

How many polypeptide chains of globin does hemoglobin have?

Answer 22

4 and each subunit contains a heme(iron)

Question 23

What do we stain hemoglobin?

Answer 23

Eosin.

Question 24

For WBC’s, what are the two components they are divided into?

Answer 24

1. Granulocytes(non specific)

2. Argranulocytes(non specific)

Question 25

What are granulocytes?

Answer 25

White blood cells with specific granules

Question 26

What are agranulocytes?

Answer 26

White blood cells without specific granules

Question 27

How do we identify a granulocyte or a agranulocyte?

Answer 27

1. Cytoplasm( for frequency of granules) | 2. Nucleus( to determine number of lobes, size and position.

Question 28

Neutrophils, Eosinphils and Basophils... agranulocyte or granulocyte?

Answer 28

Granulocyte.

Question 29

Are lymphocytes and Monocytes agranulocytes or granulocytes?

Answer 29

Agranulocytes

Question 30

Which is more numerous, Granulocytes or Agranulocytes?

Answer 30

Granulocytes and they have 2 to 5 lobes.

Question 31

What kinds of cytoplasm do Granulocytes have?

Answer 31

Specific Granules Azurophilic granules Tertiary Granules

Question 32

What are specific granules?

Answer 32

They contain bacteriolytic enzymes.

Question 33

What are Azurophilic granules?

Answer 33

Non specific granules, lysosomes

Question 34

What are tertiary granules?

Answer 34

Non-specific granule, facilitate movement through connective tissue.

Question 35

Which is the first line of defense, Granulocytes or Agranulocytes?

Answer 35

Granulocytes.

Question 36

How many lobes does a Eosinophil have?

Answer 36

2-3 lobed nucleus and they are Large in granules

Question 37

What type of cytoplasm does eosinophils have?

Answer 37

1. Parasitic infection(Specific granules) | 2. Azurophilic- lysosomes.

Question 38

What do Eosinophils respond too?

Answer 38

Inflammatory and allergic reactions.. That is why they engulf bacteria or parasites and realase toxic compounds

Question 39

How many lobes do Basophils have?

Answer 39

2 lobed nucleus

Question 40

What type of cytoplasm does Basophils have?

Answer 40

- Large deep granules that contain Histamine and heparin(prevents clotting) - Azurophilic-lysosomes

Question 41

What do Basophils respond too?

Answer 41

Activated by exposure to an antigen/allergen That is why they release vasoactive agents from the specific granules.

Question 42

What is the LARGEST circulating WBC?

Answer 42

Monocyte(Agranulocyte)

Question 43

What do monocytes look like?

Answer 43

A kidney bean, because of the indented nucleus.

Question 44

Do Monocytes have specific cytoplasm?

Answer 44

No, they have nonspecific granules in cytoplasm.

Question 45

What are monocytes called once they migrate into tissue?

Answer 45

They are then called a Macrophage.

Question 46

What has the largest nucleus to cytoplasm ration?

Answer 46

Lymphocytes.

Question 47

What is the role of Lymphocytes?

Answer 47

Their role is for immunological defenses.. They have 4 types: t-lymphocytes B-lymphocytes NKC

Question 48

Lymphocytes

Answer 48

They exit blood to enter tissues, then reenter to travel the body

Question 49

What are the three layers of the heart?

Answer 49

1. Epicardium 2. Myocardium 3. Endocardium

Question 50

What are the three layers of vessels?

Answer 50

1. Tunica adventitia(connective tissue) 2. Tunica media(smooth muscle) 3. Tunica intima(endothelium)