Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PE Paper 1 > CV and respiratory systems > Flashcards

CV and respiratory systems Flashcards

1
Q

Untrained HR at rest

A

60-75

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HR

A

number of beats per min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

SV

A

volume of blood ejected from left ventricle per beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CO

A

volume of blood ejected from left ventricle per min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bradeycardia

A

resting HR below 60bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diastole

A

relaxtion of atria and ventricles = low pressure in heart
Blood passively flows through atria into ventricles
AV valves are open
Semilunar valves are closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Atrial systole

A

atria’s contract , forcing blood into ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ventricular systole

A

Ventricles contract
AV valves close
Semilunar valves open
Blood pushed out ventricles into large arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how long is one cardiac cycle

A

0.8 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Myogenic

A

heart generates own impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CV drift

A

gradual rise of HR towards end of exercise as SV drops to give heart time to fill but CO needs to remain the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why does CV happen

A

blood becomes more viscous as plasma is sweated out which is harder to pump around body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

SV during recovery

A

maintained during early stages of recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HR during recovery

A

decreases fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CO during recovery

A

rapid decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 neural control

A

propio receptors , chemoreceptors , baroreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

2 intrinsic control

A

Temperature , Venous return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hormonal control

A

adrenaline and noradrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is HR regulated during exercise

A

receptors detect changes , sends to CCC in medulla , decrease HR sent via vegas nerve , Increase HR sent via accelerator nerve which increases SA node firing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Vascular shunt is

A

redistribution of blood to working muscles and organs during exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Vascular shunt mechanisms

A

vasodilation and open of capilary sphincteres of arteries to working muscles , vasoconstriction and closing of capilary sphincteres of arteries to non working muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why vascular shunt occurs

A

VCC in medulla recieves info from receptors, stimulates sympathetic NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

5 veneous return mechanisms

A

Pocket valves
muscular pump
Gravity
respiratory pump
smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

veneous return - pocket valves

A

one way so prevent backflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
veneous return - muscular pump
muscles contract and squeezes on veins
26
veneous return - smooth muscle
in walls of veins , contract causing blood to flow back to heart
27
veneous return - respiratory pump
cause pressure difference in thorasic cavity which aids movement of blood
28
veneous return - gravity
blood above heart returns with help of gravity
29
transport of 02
97% in haemoglobin 3% dissolved in plasma
30
tidal voume
volume of air breathed in or out per breath
31
breathing frequency
number of breaths per min
32
MV
volume of air breathed in or out per min
33
Inspiration at rest
Diaphragm contracts and flattens External intercostals contract Rib cage up and out Increases volume of thoracic cavity - decreases pressure air rushes in
34
Expiration at rest
passive diphragm relaxes and domes external intercostals relax rib cage moves down and in decreases volume of thoracic cavity - increases pressure air rushes out
35
Inspiration during exercise
diphragm flattens more external intercostals contract more sternocloidmastoid + pectoralis are recruited to move ribs up and out futher volume of thoracic cavity increases futher futher pressure decrease more air rushes in
36
expiration during exericise
active diphragm relaxes external interostal relax rectus abdominus, internal/external obliques pull ribs in and down futher thoracic cavity decreases futher pressure increases more more air rushes out
37
How is breathing controlled during exercise ( inspiration)
Chemoreceptors detect increase acidity send message to ICC in medulla causing increase inspiration
38
How is breathing controlled during exercise ( expiration)
propio/thermo receptors detect changes. Baroreceptors detect strtech in lungs , send message to ECC, increase expiration
39
02 in alveoli during exercise
high P02 in alveoli , low P02 in pulmonary capillary. Steep concentration gradient, 02 from alveoli goes into blood.
40
C02 in alveoli during exercise
low PC02 in alveoli, high PC02 in pulmonary capillary , steeper concentration gradient, C02 diverts from blood to alveoli
41
Muscle site at rest
high p02 in blood , low p02 in muscles. 02 goes from blood to muscles c02 is opposite of this
42
muscle site during exercise
high p02 in blood, lower p02 in msucles , steeper gradient so more 02 diffuses into muscle cell
43
BOHR shift ( Dr TACO)
Dissociation curve shifts right Temp increases in blood tissue and muscles Acidity increases in blood tissue and muscle C02 has stepper diffusion gradient between muscle tissue and blood 02 has stepper diffusion gradient between muscle tissue and blood This means less dissociation but at a quicker rate
44
Conduction system
SA Node initiates impulse , sends to AV node which holds for a sec causing atrial systole, AV then sends it to Bundle of HIS to Punjiknjee fibres causing ventricular systole
45
BF resting/maximal value
R- 12-16 M- 40+
46
MV - resting/maximal value
R- 6-8 M- 200
47
untrained HR at rest
60-75
48
trained HR at rest
50
49
untrained SV at rest and maximal
rest- 70ml maximal - 100-120
50
trained SV at rest and maximal
rest- 100ml maximal - 160-200ml
51
max HR
220-age
52
TV at rest and Maximal
rest- 0.5l max- 3-5l
53
Untrained CO at rest and maximal
rest- 5l max- 20-30l/min
54
trained CO at rest and maximal
rest - 5l max- 30-40l/min
55
sympathetic NS
increases heart rate
56
vagus nerve
decreases HR
57
accelerator nerve
increases adrenaline increases SA node firing
58
features of arteries
oxygenated blood away from heart high pressure
59
features of capillaries
one cell thick where gas exchange takes place
60
features of veins
deoxygenated blood towards heart low pressure
61
vasoconstriction
smooth muscle contracts reducing lumen diameter and reducing blood flow
62
vasodilation
smooth muscle relaxes which increases lumen diameter and increases blood flow
63
VCC
located in medulla oblangata receives info from receptors will either stimulate parasympathetic or sympathetic NS
64
pulmonary ventilation
inspiration and expiration of air from atmosphere
65
gaseous exchange
extraction of oxygen from air to blood to muscles
66
% transport of oxygen
97% to haemoglobin 3% disolved in plasma
67
% transport of c02
70% dissolved in water - carbonic acid 23% combines with haemoglobin 7% dissolved in blood plasma
68
TV
Volume of air breathed in or out per breath
69
breathing freqency
number of breaths per min
70
MV
volume of air breathed in or out per min
71
Bohr shift on graph ( Dr TACO)
Dissociation curve shifts right Temperature increases in blood and muscles tissue Acidity increases in blood and muscle tissue C02 increases in blood and muscle tissue Oxygen has a steeper diffusion gradient between blood and muscle tissue Oxygen affinity is reduced
72
reason for Bohr shift
less saturation of 02 at lungs but at quicker disociation to working muscles for aerobic energy production

PE Paper 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions