Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

1 Pharmacology > CV - anti-hypertensive > Flashcards

CV - anti-hypertensive Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

4 categories for anti-hypertensive

A

1 RAAS
2 Sympathetic Nervous System Drugs (mostly adrenergic blockers)
3 Ca-channel blockers
4 Direct Acting VasoDilators

*A,B,C,D’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

types of RAAS

[the A’s]

A

1 ACE inhibitors***
2 ARBS
3 Aldosterone Antagonist
4 Aliskiren (indirect renin inhibitors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE]

A
  • ACE converts angiotensin I to II
  • ang-II is a potent vasoconstrictor
  • ang-II stimulates the release of aldosterone
  • aldosterone incr the reabsorption of Na + H2O in exchange for the secretion of K
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ACE inhibitors [-pril]

drug names

A

ends in -pril

lisinopril
captopril
enalapril
benazepril
enalaprilat (for IV)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ACE inhibitors [-pril]

MOA

A
  • vasodilation (mostly arteriole)
  • excrete Na + H2O
  • retain K+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ACE inhibitors [-pril]

Tx

A

HTN
post MI
HF
stroke/MI prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ACE inhibitors [-pril]

AE

A 
hyper-K
1st dose hypotension
dry cough
angioedema
dysgeusia
neutropenia
SJS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ACE inhibitors [-pril]

CI

A

cat D
liver disease
bilateral renal artery stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ACE inhibitors [-pril]

RN

A
  • fall risk

- bradykinin buildup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If a patient taking ACE inhibitors [-pril] acquires a dry cough, ask if they are taking any new medications

A

might be a sign of bradykinin buildup

  • nonallergice angioedema
  • s/e of ACE inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

be careful with the first dose of ACE inhibitors [-pril] due to

A

first dose hypotension, check BP before giving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ARBS stands for…

A

angiotensin receptor blockers

  • Ang-II is a powerful vasoconstrictor
  • stimulates the release of aldosterone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ARBS [-sartan]

drug names

A

losartan
valsartan
olmesartan
irbesartan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ARBS [-sartan]

MOA

A

used to slow diabetic retinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ARBS [-sartan]

A/E

A

similar to ACE except no bradykinin buildup

—no dry cough, no angioedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ARBS [-sartan]

CI

A
  • BL renal artery stenosis

- only 1 kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ARBS [-sartan]

RN/teaching

A
  • can interact w lithium

- rise slowly from sitting position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

aldosterone antagonist

drug names

A

spironolactone
eplerenone
triamterene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

spironolactone, eplerenone, triamterene [aldosterone antagonist]
MOA

A

excrete Na + H2O

reabsorp K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

spironolactone, eplerenone, triamterene [aldosterone antagonist]
Tx

A 
HTN
diuretic
CHF
hypo-K
polycystic ovarian syndrome [POS]
acne
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

spironolactone, eplerenone, triamterene [aldosterone antagonist]
A/E

A
  • hyper-K: cramps, muscle twitching, paresthesia
  • flu-like symptoms
  • endocrine changes: menstrual irreg, deep voice, hirsutism, impotence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

spironolactone, eplerenone, triamterene [aldosterone antagonist]
CI

A
  • DM w microalbuminuria

- kidney problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

spironolactone, eplerenone, triamterene [aldosterone antagonist]
RN

A
  • monitor liver + kidney test
  • take in morning
  • dont drink grapefruit juice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which of the aldosterone antagonists has the highest incidence of endocrine changes?

A

spironolactone

-may cause menstrual irregularities, deep voice, hirsutism, and impotence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Direct Renin Inhibitors | drug name
Alisketron
26
Alisketron [renin inhibitor] | MOA
stops the whole RAAS process | -stops cleavage of angiotensin
27
Alisketron [renin inhibitor] | Tx
HTN
28
Alisketron [renin inhibitor] | AE
``` hyper-K dry cough angioedema abdominal pain rash diarrhea ```
29
Alisketron [renin inhibitor] | CI
cat D | -lactating
30
Alisketron [renin inhibitor] | RN teaching
- NO HIGH FAT MEALS (reduces absorption) - take at the same time each day - onset is 2 weeks
31
Sympatholytic | categories
1 alpha-adrenergic blockers | 2 beta-adrenergic blockers
32
alpha-adrenergic blockers | drug names
prazosin doxazosin terazosin tamsulosin
33
a-adrenergic blockers [-osin] MOA
- peripheral vasodilation | - -blocks adrenaline which leads to vasodilation + relaxation of smooth muscles
34
a-adrenergic blockers [-osin] | Tx
HTN | BPH (urgency, frequency, dysuria)
35
a-adrenergic blockers [-osin] | A/E
- 1st dose hypotension | - reflex tachycardia
36
a-adrenergic blockers [-osin] | CI
caution w... - angina pectoris - renal insufficiency - sildenafil - NTG
37
a-adrenergic blockers [-osin] | RN teaching
- start med at night - monitor BP for 2-6hr after initiation of Tx - change positions slowly
38
beta blocker pneumonic
blocks adrenergic reception - vasodilatn>lower BP + lower HR - neg - ino, chrono, dromo
39
beta-adrenergic blockers | subcategories + drug names
B1: betaxolol, esmolol, atenolol, metoprolol | Non-selective [B1+B2]: propanolol, sotalol
40
beta-adrenergic blockers [LOL] | MOA
- blocks adrenergic reception - vasodilation to lower BP - lowers HR * [-] ino, chrono, dromo
41
beta-adrenergic blockers [LOL] | Tx
- HTN - arrythmia - stage fright - HF - MI/angina - migraine - pheochromocytoma - glaucoma - longevity
42
beta-adren blockrs cardio-selective drugs AE
- bradicardia - hypotension - decr CO - bronchoconstriction - AV block - OH - rebound - excitation - glycogenolysis is inhibited (risk of hypoglycemia in DM pt)
43
beta-adrenergic blockers [LOL] | AE
NSBB's in clients who have asthma, COPD, HF, DM | -AV blocks + sinus brady
44
beta-adrenergic blockers [LOL] | RN teaching
- get HR + BP before admin + daily basis - will mask s/s of hypoglycemia - taper off 1-2 wks - monitor for worsening HF: wt gain, SOB, edema, fatigue - ETOH incr hypotensive effects
45
beta-adrenergic blockers | Tx
``` a lot HTN arrhythmias stage fright HF MI angina migraines pheochromocy ```
46
beta-adrenergic blockers | RN
.-will mask hypoglycemia - taper over 1-2 wks - monitor worsening of HF (wt gain,
47
inotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic
ino: contractivity chrono: HR dromo: speed of conDuctivity
48
inotropic chronotropic dromotropic effects
I=contractn +=hard squueze -=weaker C=HR +=incr HR -=decr HR D=flow of electricity +=incr speed -=decr
49
all beta blockers are _____ on inotropic, chronotropic, + dromotropic effects
negative
50
hold beta-blockers if BP is
below 90 systolic
51
mixed a/b adrenergic antagonist | drug names
carvedilol | lavetalol
52
centrally acting alpha2 agonist | drug name + MOA
CLONIDINE | -triggers feedback in the brain to decrease sympathetic outflow
53
Ca-channel blockers | drug names
``` verapamil diltiazem amlodipine nicardipine nifedipine ```
54
Clonidine [a2-agonist] | A/E
- drowsy - xerostomia - rebound HTN w sudden DC
55
clonidine is give via
patch -rotated Q7days CI- scleroderma, opening, wound, cuts
56
Ca-channel blockers | drug names
``` verapamil diltiazem amlodipine nicardipine nifedipine ```
57
Ca-channel blockers [verapamil, diltiazem +dipine] | MOA
blocks Ca inflow to cell
58
Ca-channel blockers [verapamil, diltiazem +dipine] | Tx
- HTN - raynaud's phenomenon - angina - neuro-prevent vasospasm - anti-dysrhythmic
59
Nifedipine [Ca-channel blockers] | AE
- OH - reflex tachycardia - acute toxicity
60
Verapamil + Diltiazem [Ca-channel blockers] | AE
-OH -peripheral edema acute toxicity: decr HR, decr BP, AV block
61
Verapamil + Diltiazem [Ca-channel blockers] | RN/teaching
- daily weights | - diuretic for periph edema
62
all Ca-channel blockers Ca-channel blockers [verapamil, diltiazem +dipine] AE
gingival hyperplasia
63
all Ca-channel blockers Ca-channel blockers [verapamil, diltiazem +dipine] interactions
- increases digoxin level leading to toxicity - no grapefruit juice - withhold if pulse<50, SBP<90
64
all Ca-channel blockers Ca-channel blockers [verapamil, diltiazem +dipine] RN teaching
.-for IV, keep the pt on a monitor | -can combine w beta blocker to prevent reflex tachy
65
direct-acting vasodilators | drug names
nitroprusside IV, IVP (a nitrate)
66
nitroprusside [direct-acting v-dilator] | MOA
direct vasodilation of arteries + veins | -incr CO, HR, + fluid retention
67
nitroprusside [direct-acting v-dilator] | Tx
hypertensive crisis
68
nitroprusside [direct-acting v-dilator] | AE
excellent hypotension *cyanide poisoning (thiocyanate toxicity) HR changes ECG changes
69
nitroprusside [direct-acting v-dilator] | RN teaching
* admin no longer than 3 days * needs a dedicated line to avoid bolus incompatibility - ---do not admin w other meds * discard bottle after 24hr * IV is sensitive to light - --glass bottle in brown bag * keep client supine during admin * *color is faint brown
70
cyanide poisoning antidotes
hydrocobalmin [B12] amyl [Na] nitrate Na thiosulfate

1 Pharmacology (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions