CV complications 2

Question 1

algorithm for treating hypotension in small animals

Answer 1

1. crystalloids + norepinephrine
   >if still hypotension, then
2. vasopressin or epinephrine
   Or
   Dobutamine

alternatively

1. crystalloids + dopamine
   >if still hypotension
2. crystalloids + norepinephrine
   etc.

Question 2

algorithm for treating hypotension in horses

Answer 2

1. crystalloids + dobutamine
   >if still hypotension
2. crystalloids + norepinephrine or phenylephrine
   >hypotension
3. epinephrine

Alternatively,
skip step 1

Question 3

In normovolemic patients, does administration of fluids increase blood pressure?

Answer 3

no,

Question 4

do we do large volume resuscitation? why or why not?

Answer 4

not really, too many negative consequences

§ In hypotensive trauma patients:
* Increased mortality
* Uncontrolled hemorrhage
* Increased acidosis
* Pulmonary edema
* Hypothermia
* Coagulopathy
* Abdominal compartment syndrome
* Elevated intracranial pressure
* Hypoalbuminemia
* Immunologic alterations

Question 5

what is considered hypertension? what is it usually associated with? is it common?

Answer 5

§ Systolic blood pressure over 180-200 mmHg
§ Usually associated with tachycardia in initial phases
* Control causes of tachycardia
§ Less common than hypotension

Question 6

what is the relationship between hypovolemia and hypotension, and blood flow (CO)?

Answer 6

§ Hypovolemia is not the same as hypotension.
§ Hypovolemic patient is expected to be hypotensive.
§ Hypotensive patient is not always hypovolemic.
§ Hypovolemia results in decreased blood flow (CO).
§ Hypotension does not always result in decreased blood flow (CO).

Question 7

effects of blood loss on: * Cardiovascular parameters:

Answer 7

• HR increases although some animals exhibit bradycardia before tachycardia
• MAP decreases
• CO decreases

Question 8

ESTIMATION OF BLOOD LOSS DURING SURGERY

Answer 8

§ Amount in suction bottle
§ Amount in lap sponges, gauzes
§ Assess hemodynamic state
* Hypovolemic patient would be deeper than normovolemic at the same vaporizer setting
* More cardiovascular depression at the same vaporizer setting