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Cardiovascular and Lymphatic PT > CV Exam > Flashcards

CV Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

orthopenia is indicative of..

A

L heart failure (dyspnea when supine)

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2
Q

pitting edema is indicative of – heart failure

A

R

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3
Q

how does HDL contribute to risk of heart disease?

A

can be a NEGATIVE risk factor if HDL > 60 mL

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4
Q

diaphoresis is.. -is a sign of ?

A

excess sweating and cool clammy skin; sign of decreased CO & low O2 sat

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5
Q

where can you palpate the apical pulse in a typical person?

A

pt supine, palpate at 5th interspace, midclavicular vertical line

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6
Q

grade for a normal pulse is..

A

2+

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7
Q

why should you assess the pulse of the carotid artery one side at a time?

A

reduce the RISK OF BRADYCARDIA thru stimulation of the carotid sinus baroreceptor

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8
Q

what is the best place to take a pulse in infants? -also, what is their anticipated HR?

A

brachial pulse -newborn 127bpm, normal = 90-164 bpm

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9
Q

where is the auscultation landmark for the aortic valve

A

the 2nd right intercostal space at the sternal border

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10
Q

what is the sound that marks the beginning of systole? What produces the sound?

A

S1 - sound is normal closure of mitral and tricuspid valves

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11
Q

What sound marks the end of systole? -what produces the sound?

A

S2 (dub) marks the end of systole aka the closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves

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12
Q

if a murmur occurs between S1 & S2 it could be indicative of..

A

mitral valve prolapse (it’s systolic dysfunction)

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13
Q

if a murmur can be felt upon palpation and is more of an abnormal tremor, it is considered a ..

A

thrill

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14
Q

what is a BRUIT and what does it indicate?

A

adventitious sound or murmur of arterial OR venous origin; -indicates ATHEROSCLEROSIS

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15
Q

an S3 heart sound in older individuals may be indicative of ..

A

CHF

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16
Q

S4 heart sound could be indicative of..

A

CAD, MI, aortic stenosis OR chronic HTN

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17
Q

QRS wave is indicative of..

A

ventricular depolarization

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18
Q

the PR interval is..

A

the time req for the impulse to travel from atria thru conduction system to Purkinje fibers

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19
Q

when are PVCs considered abnormal?

A

> 6 per min paired or in sequential runs;

absent P wave, bizarre/wide QRS that’s premature

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20
Q

what is considered “ventricular tachycardia”?

A

3 or more PVCs occuring sequentially

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21
Q

What is ventricular fibrillation (VF)?

A

a pulseless, emergency situation, req CPR /defibrillation/meds

  • chaotic activity of ventricle originating from multiple foci
  • unable to determine rate

NO QRS complexes

clinical death within 4-6 minutes

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22
Q

an AV block is.

A

abnormal delays or failure to conduct thru normal conducting system

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23
Q

which AV block is a life threatening situation?

A

3rd degree AV block - COMPLETE block, req meds/PPM

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24
Q

what causes ST segment depression?

-& what is considered significant?

A

impaired coronary perfusion (ischemia or injury)

-depression OR elevation > 1mm in 2 consecute leads

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25
acute ST elevations present 2/2 ..
an **acute MI**
26
quinidine is used for..
**antiarrythmia med** **-**lengthens the QRS (extends ventricular depolarization)
27
"orthostasis" qualification =
systolic decr \>20 mmHg, diastolic decr \>10 mmHg
28
what should a 3-5 y/o child's BP be?
113-116 / 67-74 mmHg
29
Mean arterial pressure is..
= [SBP + (2 x DBP)] / 3 NORMAL = 70-110 mmHg
30
tachypnea is ..
an incr in RR \>22 Breaths per min
31
the modified borg scale is rated on a scale of .. What is considered "severe"?
0-10; \>5 is severe
32
crackles (rales) are indicative of..
**secretions in the lungs**
33
what do **rhonchi** sound like?
whistling sounds
34
where does pain from a **dissecting aortic artery refer to?**
the back
35
hypoxemia VS hypoxia
hypo**xemia** is abnormally low O2 in the **blood (sat level \<90%) ; hypoxia** is low O2 in **tissues**
36
clubbing is indicative of..
chonic O2 deficiency, chronic pulmonary disease or heart failure
37
rubor is..
dependent redness with PAD
38
b/l edema is indicative of..
CHF
39
what is **Stemmer's sign** and what does it indicate?
dorsal skin folds of toes OR fingers resistant to lifting -indicates **fibrotic changes and lymphadema**
40
if a pt has heart failure, they are at risk for acute decompensation. What are the signs of that?
increased SOB, sudden wt gain, incr LE edema or abdominal swelling, increased pain or fatigue, pronounced cough, lightheadedness, or dizziness
41
when dealing with pts with **heart failure**, begin at an intensity of..
40-60% of functional capacity, and warm up/cool down for slightly longer than the typical 5-10 minutes
42
why shoudl you be cautious of supine or prone positioning with pts w Heart failure/
orthopnea risk
43
if a pt is diagnosed with **class II HF**, what is their physical activity limitation?
up to **4.5 METs (walking)**
44
why is HR **not an appropriate measure of exercise intensity in pts after cardiac transplant?**
heart is **denervated** and pts tend to be **tachycardic**
45
when treating pts with PAD with intermittent claudication , walking program should proceed HOW?
intensity should be so that pt reports **1 on claudication scale within first 3-5 minutes & doesn't surpass a 2** **-**30-60 min aerobic exercise 3-5 days/week
46
what is the **most effective manner of increasing LE bloodflow in PAD?**
resistive calf exercises
47
after an acute DVT, when can ambulation take place ?
after a dose of **low molecular weight heparin**
48
if a pt has **chronic venous insufficiency, how should they position the limb with edema?**
elevate a **minimum of 18 inches above the heart**
49
when applying an **unna boot for edema compression therapy,** how long should it be applied for ?
**4-7 days**
50
what **ABI value is contraindicated to use compression therapy?**
ABI \<0.8 OR if there is evidence of active cellulitis or infection
51
what type of activities are **contraindicated in patients with stage I lymphadema?**
**jogging, strenuous activities** **-**likely to exacerbate lymphadema
52
what **modalities** are **contraindicated** when dealing with **phase I lymphadema?**
**ice, heat, hydrotherapy, saunas, contrast baths and paraffin** ALL cause vaodilation and incr lymphatic load of water **NO electrotherapeutic modalities greater than 30 Hz**
53
when dealing with Phase II **lymphadema,** what is the **maximum pressure for compression therapy?**
**45 mm Hg**
54
how many compressions/minute should you do for CPR in an adult?
100 comp/min
55
what is the sequence of actions in CPR for adults?
CAB (compressions, airways & breathing)
56
how long should it take for a minor cut to clot?
**10 minutes**
57
what does a **venous bleed present like?**
**low pressure, steady flow, dark red or maroon blood**
58
if blood soaks thru the original layer of gauze, what do you do?
put on an additional layer of gauze DO NOT REMOVE GAUZE
59
when someone is experiencing internal bleeding, what does their body part look like?
swollen, tender and firm; ecchymosis (black and blue)
60
when you see someone in shock, how should you test for peripheral blood flow?
capillary refuill test - should return to refill in \<2 seconds
61
if someone is in shock, you should elevate their legs over 12 inches UNLESS..
there is a **suspected spinal injury or painful deformity of the LEs**
62

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic PT (5 decks)

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