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cv glossary Flashcards

1
Q

cardiology

A

branch of medicine that deals with diseases and abnormalities of the heart

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2
Q

mediastinum

A

the region between the two pleural cavities which contains the great vessels, largest veins and arteries , thymus, oesophagus and trachea

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3
Q

ventricles

A

muscular chambers of the heart that eject blood

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4
Q

atria

A

collecting chambers of the heart that contract to fill the ventricles

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5
Q

auricle

A

the visible part of the ear that resides outside head

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6
Q

trabeculae carneae

A

irregular muscular columns which project from inner surface of L + R ventricles of the heart

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7
Q

pericardium

A

membrane surrounding and protecting heart

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8
Q

epicardium

A

external visceral layer of serous (lubricating) pericardium

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9
Q

endocardium

A

innermost layer of pericardium

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10
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer of pericardium

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11
Q

coronary sulcus

A

(aka AV groove) separates atria of the heart from the ventricles

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12
Q

interatrial septum

A

wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria of the heart

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13
Q

fossa ovalis

A

a depression in the right atrium of the heart, at the level of the interatrial septum

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14
Q

right atrium

A

right superior collecting chamber of heart that contracts to fill ventricles

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15
Q

tricuspid valve

A

valve on located on the right side of the right atrium made of 3 cusps that regulates blood flow through the heart

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16
Q

right ventricle

A

right inferior muscular chamber of the heart that ejects blood

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17
Q

semilunar valves

A

valves in heart with half-moon shape at bases of aorta and pulmonary artery consisting of 3 cusps which prevent backflow of blood

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18
Q

aortic valve

A

semilunar valve between left ventricle and aorta in the heart

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19
Q

pulmonary valves

A

semilunar valve on the left of the right atrium next to the pulmonary artery

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20
Q

chordae tendineae/tendinous chords

A

heartstrings that attach valves and papillary muscles of ventricles in place

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21
Q

papillary muscles

A

contract and relax to loosen/tighten chordae tendae

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22
Q

bicuspid (mitral) valve

A

an atrioventricular valve with 2 cusps found on the left side of the left ventricle in the heart

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23
Q

left ventricle

A

left inferior muscular chamber of the heart that ejects blood

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24
Q

septum

A

internal wall which separates the left heart (oxygenated blood) from the right heart

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25
fibrous skeleton of heart
single structure of connective tissue that forms and anchors the valves of the heart and gives myocardium attachment
26
anastomoses
alternative routes for blood formed by branches of blood vessels meeting, should specific ones be blocked
27
tunica intima
innermost layer of artery/vein
28
tunica media
middle layer of artery/vein
29
tunica externa
outermost layer of artery/vein
30
internal elastic membrane
layer of elastic tissue that forms outermost part of the tunica intima and separates it from tunica media
31
arteries
efferent/outwards vessels that carry blood away from heart
32
arterioles
small branch of an artery leading into capillaries
33
capillaries
smallest of body's blood vessels found in most regions of body, one cell thick and the sites of transfer to tissues
34
fenestrated capillary
capillaries containing ‘windows’/pores in walls due to incomplete/perforated endothelial lining
35
venules
a very small vein that collects blood from capillaries
36
veins
afferent/inwards vessels that return blood to heart
37
cardiomyocyte
cardiac contractile/muscle cell
38
intercalated discs
boundaries between cardiomyocytes formed by gap junctions, Z-lines bound to opposing plasma membranes and desmosomes
39
desmosomes
hold fibres together
40
gap junctions
pores that allow action potnetial conduction from one fibre to next
41
sarcolemma
the tubular sheath which envelops the fibres of skeletal muscles
42
sarcomere
basic unit of striated muscle tissue
43
thin (actin) filaments
two long chains of actin molecules twisted around one another seen in muscle tissue
44
thick (myosin) filaments
consist primarily of many molecules of the protein myosin
45
Z-discs/lines
microfilaments which are attached to thin filaments of the contractile machinery
46
End-diastolic volume
maximum volume of blood each ventricle contains when at end of atrial systole
47
tropomyosin
rod-shaped molecule that binds via troponin molecule to groove of actin helix, where it masks myosin binding sites
48
troponin
a complex of 3 polypeptides → troponin T, I and C
49
cardiodynamics
movements and forces generated during cardiac contraction
50
end-diastolic volume (EDV)
volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole (start of ventricular systole)
51
end-systolic volume (ESV)
volume of blood remaining in each ventricle at end of ventricular systole
52
stroke volume (SV)
amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle during a single heart beat
53
ejection fraction
percentage of EDV represented by the SV
54
cardiac output (CO)
volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute (L min-1)
55
angina
- chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to heart muscles | - not life-threatening, but a sign of the risk of a heart attack/stroke
56
aortic dissection (AD)
- injury to the innermost layer of aorta  - allowing blood to flow between layers of aortic wall - forcing the layers apart
57
arteriosclerosis
circulatory condition characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls
58
atherosclerosis
degenerative disease of arteries characterized by patchy thickening of inner lining of arterial walls, caused by deposits of fatty material (form of arteriosclerosis)
59
atheroma
deposit or degenerative accumulation of lipid-containing plaques on innermost layer of artery wall
60
coronary artery disease (CAD)
atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
61
ischaemic heart disease (IHD)
diseases of heart caused by atherosclerotic disease of coronary arteries (commonly angina or an MI)
62
ischaemia
a decrease in blood supply to bodily organ, tissue, or part caused by constriction/obstruction of blood vessels
63
infarct
- area of tissue which undergoes necrosis | - due to obstruction of local blood supply, by thrombus/embolus
64
myocardial infarction (MI)
medical emergency where blood supply to heart is suddenly blocked usually by a blood clot
65
PE (pulmonary embolism)
blockage of an artery in lungs by material which has moved from elsewhere in body through bloodstream
66
make sure you can label a heart
just look at a diagram of one

CRR (11 decks)

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