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Pharmacology > CV Pharmacology > Flashcards

CV Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 specific agents to treat hypertension?

A
  1. Diuretics
  2. sympatholytic drugs
  3. angiotensin inhibitors
  4. vasodilators
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2
Q

What are 3 diuretics used to treat hypertension?

A
  • thiazides
  • K sparing diuretics (aldosterone antagonists)
  • loop diuretics
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3
Q

What are the 3 sympatholytic drugs used to treat hypertension?

A
  • beta blockers
  • centrally acting
  • alpha 1 blockers
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4
Q

What are the 3 angiotensin inhibitors used to treat hypertension?

A
  • ACE inhibitors
  • all antagonists
  • direct renin inhibiter
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5
Q

What are the 2 vasodilators used to treat hypertension?

A
  • Ca channel blockers: Nifedipine, diltiazem, verapamil

- other vasodilators

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6
Q

What are 4 drugs used in the treatment of MI?

A
  1. aspirin
  2. statins
  3. beta-blockers
  4. ACE inhibitors
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7
Q

What are 3 ways to treat angina?

A
  1. decrease risk factors/alter lifestyle
  2. bypass surgery, angioplasty, stent
  3. drug therapy-aims to improve the balance between O2 supply and demand
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8
Q

What are 4 drug therapies for angina?

A
  1. Organic nitrates (nitroglycerine)
  2. Ca channel blockers
  3. Beta adrenergic blockers
  4. drugs that modify myocardial metabolism
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9
Q

What are 3 ways that nitrates treat angina?

A
  1. decrease preload
  2. improve ischemic areas of the heart
  3. prevent coronary spasms
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10
Q

Nifedipine

A

-Ca channel blocker
-acts ONLY on vsm cells
Reduces O2 demand by:
-decreasing after load
Increases O2 supply by:
-decreasing vasospasms
-increases coronary flow via vasodilation

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11
Q

Verapamil and Diltiazem

A
  • Ca channel blockers
  • act on heart and vsm cells
  • causes relaxation and decreased contractility in heart
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12
Q

What are adverse effects of Verapamil and Diltiazem

A
  • hypotension (headache)

- not good for angina and CHF

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13
Q

How do beta adrenergic R blockers treat angina?

A
  • block Beta R in SNS
  • causes decreases HR, contractility and after load –> decreases demand for O2
  • the decreased force can cause an issue in CHF
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14
Q

How do drugs that modify myocardial metabolism treat angina

A
  • inhibit fatty acid oxidation in the heart and shift metabolism to glucose oxidation
  • reduced O2 consumption in the ischemic heart
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15
Q

What are 4 key points about hyperlipoproteinemias- elevation in the levels of certain lipoproteins?

A
  1. Monogenic and polygenic (multiple genes interacting with changes in the environment) cases
  2. Different lipoproteins affected-elevation in LDL, VLDL or combo
  3. Disorders differ in their incidence-polygenic is more common
  4. disorders associated with LDL have greater associations with cardiovascular disease
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16
Q

What are 5 characteristics of remodelling in CHF?

A
  1. hypertrophy
  2. abnormal heart cells
  3. apoptosis
  4. fibrosis-increased collagen, stiffness of the heart
  5. dilation-increased ventricle volume
17
Q

What are 5 drugs used to treat CHF?

A
  1. positive inotropic drugs
  2. Angiotensin Inhibitors
  3. Sympatholytic drugs
  4. Aldosterone antagonists
  5. vasodilators
18
Q

Why do Angiotensin inhibitors work to treat CHF?

A
  • decrease PR
  • decrease aldosterone secretion from adrenal gland, decreased retention of Na and water–> decreased preload
  • decrease remodeling
  • increase bradykinin, causes vasodilation (ACE inhibitors)
19
Q

Explain Digoxin

A

see notes

20
Q

Explain carvedilol

A

-non selective adrenergic blocker (beta1, beta2, alpha1)

21
Q

What are the types of arrhythmias.

A
  • supraventricular
  • ventricular
  • bradychardia
  • tachycardia
22
Q

What are non pharmacological treatments of cardiac arrhythmias?

A
  1. pacemaker (esp if SA node is damaged)
  2. remove abnormal tissue (use radio waves to heat the tissue and destroy it)
  3. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator
23
Q

What are 3 ways to get abnormal impulse formation?

A
  1. enhanced automaticity
  2. afterdepolarizations
  3. reentry
24
Q

What are the 4 classes of antiarrhythmia drugs?

A
  1. Na channel blockers
  2. Beta blockers
  3. K channel blockers (APD prolonging)
  4. Ca channel blockers
25
Q

Draw out the normal BP control mechanisms

A

antihypertensive drugs lecture

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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