CV Physiology

Question 1

Cardiac output from the ___ side of the heart is the systemic blood flow

Answer 1

left

Question 2

Cardiac output from the ___ side of the heart is the pulmonary blood flow

Answer 2

right

Question 3

Cardiac output from the left side of the heart is the ___ blood flow

Answer 3

systemic

Question 4

Cardiac output from the right side of the heart is the ___ blood flow

Answer 4

pulmonary

Question 5

Blood Flow

Lungs –> LA via …

Answer 5

pulmonary vein

Question 6

Blood Flow

LA –> LV via …

Answer 6

mitral valve

Question 7

Blood Flow

LV –> Aorta via … –> systemic arteries and tissues

Answer 7

aortic valve

Question 8

Blood Flow

Tissues to –>

Answer 8

systemic veins and vena cava

Question 9

Vena cava contains

Answer 9

mixed venous blood

Question 10

RA –> RV via

Answer 10

tricuspid valve

Question 11

RV –> pulmonary artery via … –> lungs

Answer 11

pulmonic valve

Question 12

Fxn of arteries

Answer 12

delivery oxygen blood to tissues

under high pressure

Question 13

Structure of arteries

Answer 13

thick wall, elastic tissue + smooth muscle

Question 14

stressed volume

Answer 14

blood volume in arteries

Question 15

site of highest resistance in CV system

Answer 15

arterioles

Question 16

strxr of arterioles

Answer 16

smooth muscle wall extensively innervated by autonomic nerve fibers

Question 17

arteriolar resistance regulated by …

Answer 17

autonomic nervous system

Question 18

a1 adrenergic receptors located where

Answer 18

arterioles of skin, splanchnic, and renal circulations

Question 19

b2 adrenergic receptors located where

Answer 19

arterioles of skeletal muscle

Question 20

largest total cross secrtional and surface area

Answer 20

capillaries

Question 21

strxr of capillaries

Answer 21

single layer of endothelial cells surrounded by basal lamina

thin walled

Question 22

fxn of capillaries

Answer 22

exchange of nutrients, water, gas

Question 23

venules

Answer 23

merged capillaries

Question 24

highest proportion of blood in CV system

Answer 24

veins

Question 25

strxr of veins

Answer 25

thin walled low pressure a1 adrenergic receptors

Question 26

unstressed volume

Answer 26

volume in veins

Question 27

Equation for velocity of blood flow

Answer 27

v = Q / A ``` v = velocity Q = blood flow (mL/min) A = cross sectional area (cm2) ```

Question 28

Equation for cardiac output

Answer 28

Q = dP/R CO = (mean arterial pressure - right arterial pressure) / (TPR) ``` Q = flow or cardiac output dP = pressure gradient R = resistance or TPR ```

Question 29

Resistance equation

Answer 29

Poiseuille's ``` R = 8nL/(pi*r^4) R = resistance n = viscosity ```

Question 30

Parallel resistance

Answer 30

Parallel resistance = based on SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION each artery receives fraction of total blood flow total resistance < resistance of each artery 1/(Rtotal) = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

Question 31

When an artery is added in parallel, ...

Answer 31

the total resistance decreases

Question 32

In each paralell artery, the pressure is ___

Answer 32

the same

Question 33

Series resistance

Answer 33

Series resistance = based on VESSELS IN AN ORGAN Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3 largest proportion of resistance is contributed by arterioles each vessel receives same amount of blood flow

Question 34

As blood flows through the series of blood vessels, the pressure ____

Answer 34

decreases

Question 35

Laminar flow vs. turbulent flow

Answer 35

Streamlined vs. not

Question 36

Reynold's number

Answer 36

predicts whether blood flow will be laminar or tubulent incr reynold #, incr tendency for tubulence (bruit)

Question 37

Relationship between reynold # and blood viscosity, blood velocity

Answer 37

decr blood viscosity (anemia) or incr blood velocity (narrow vessel), incr reynold number

Question 38

Shear

Answer 38

layers of blood travel at diff velocities in a vessel ``` v = 0 at wall (highest shear b/c diff in blood velocity is greatest) v= max at center (lowest shear b/c blood velocity is constant) ```

Question 39

Capacitance

Answer 39

distensibility of blood vessel

Question 40

Relationhsip between compliance and elastance

Answer 40

incr compacitance, decr elastance (stiffness)

Question 41

Equation for capacitance

Answer 41

C = V/P ``` C = capacitance/compliance (mL/mm Hg) V = volume (mL) P = pressure (mm Hg) ```

Question 42

Capacitance is greater for ____ compared to ____

Answer 42

veins vs. arteries so more blood volume in veins (unstressed)

Question 43

Capacitance of arteries decreases with ____

Answer 43

age; arteries become stiffer with age

Question 44

As blood flows through systemic circulation, pressure ____

Answer 44

decreases because of resistance to blood flow pressure highest in aorta and lowest in vena cava

Question 45

largest decrease in pressures occurs across ____ because

Answer 45

arterioles because they are the site of highest resistance

Question 46

Arterial pressure

Answer 46

Pulsatile, not constant

Question 47

Highest arterial pressure during a cardiac cycle is ____ pressure

Answer 47

systolic | = measured after heart contracts and blood ejected into arterial system

Question 48

Lowest arterial pressure during a cardiac cycle is ____ pressure

Answer 48

Diastolic | = measured when heart is relaxed and blood is returned to the heart via veins

Question 49

Pulse pressure is the difference between____

Answer 49

systolic and diastolic pressures

Question 50

STroke volume

Answer 50

As blood is ejected from LV into arterial system, arterial pressure increases because arteries have low capacitance Diastolic pressure unchanged during this ventricular systole so Pulse pressure proportional to systolic pressure

Question 51

Decreases in capacitance cause increases in ___

Answer 51

pulse pressure

Question 52

Mean arterial pressure

Answer 52

Avg arterial pressure over time = Diastolic pressure + 1/3(pulse pressure) because more time spent in diastole

Question 53

Venous pressure is ___

Answer 53

low veins have high capacitance so can hold large volume of blood @ low pressure

Question 54

Atrial pressure is ____ than venous pressure

Answer 54

slightly lower

Question 55

Pulmonary wedge pressure

Answer 55

measures left atrial pressure by measuring the pulmonary capillary pressure