{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Brainscape", "url": "https://www.brainscape.com/", "logo": "https://www.brainscape.com/pks/images/cms/public-views/shared/Brainscape-logo-c4e172b280b4616f7fda.svg", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/Brainscape", "https://x.com/brainscape", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/brainscape", "https://www.instagram.com/brainscape/", "https://www.tiktok.com/@brainscapeu", "https://www.pinterest.com/brainscape/", "https://www.youtube.com/@BrainscapeNY" ], "contactPoint": { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "(929) 334-4005", "contactType": "customer service", "availableLanguage": ["English"] }, "founder": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Andrew Cohen" }, "description": "Brainscape’s spaced repetition system is proven to DOUBLE learning results! Find, make, and study flashcards online or in our mobile app. Serious learners only.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "159 W 25th St, Ste 517", "addressLocality": "New York", "addressRegion": "NY", "postalCode": "10001", "addressCountry": "USA" } }

CV Review Flashcards

(28 cards)

1
Q

What does the SA node do?

A

Initiates contraction (depolarizers about every second Or about 70 times per minute)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the AV node do?

A

Gateway for electrical impulse into ventricles (delays ventricular contraction)
Only way for an impulse to trigger ventricles in a healthy heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What should we not use of someone has an AV block?

A

b-blockers or CCBs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens prior to conduction?

A

Heart muscle cells are ‘polarized’
- 80-90mV negative compared to outside of the cell
Ion pumps work to maintain this resting membrane potential (RMP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens in phase 4?

A

Na+ is cleared from the cell and K+ loss(slows) diminishes negative charge
Eventually, an abrupt increase in Na permeability will occur when a certain ‘threshold potential’ is reached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens in phase 0?

A

Increase in permeability to sodium influx (into cell)
Calcium channels open around - 60 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens when you expose inside of muscle cell to calcium?

A

It contracts - you get contraction with every depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens in phase 1?

A

Brief re-polarization from K escaping cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens in phase 2?

A

Calcium continues to enter cell (started in phase 0)
Calcium enters through “L type” calcium channels
Calcium movement initiates muscle contraction
(CARDIAC MUSCLE CELL CANNOT CONTRACT HERE - ALREADY DEPOLARIZED)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens in phase 3?

A

Membrane remains permeable
Na and K ejected to ‘repolarize’ the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

More calcium entry = …

A

Stronger contraction (inotropy/contractility)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Faster calcium entry = …

A

Faster contraction (chronotropy/heart rate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an ECG?

A

Graph of electrical activity in heart
Detected by electrodes (leads) attached to the patient
The location of the “leads” allows different angles of the heart to be examined
6 or 12 leads are often used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the P-wave?

A

Depolarization of the atria(atrial contraction)
Normal duration = 0.12 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the QRS?

A

Depolarization of ventricles
Normal duration < 0.12 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is T-wave?

A

REPOLARIZATION of ventricles

17
Q

Is a long QT interval okay?

18
Q

What does an ECG assess for a patient with ischemic conditions?

A

ST elevation, non-ST elevation, ST depression

19
Q

What do we look at on an ECG when evaluating risk fro arrhythmia with drugs?

A

QT prolongation

20
Q

How does an ECG assess patients with arrhythmias?

A

Narrow QRS, wide QRS, tachycardia, bradycardia, normal sinus rhythm - NSR)

21
Q

How does an ECG evaluate contraindicating of drugs?

A

QT prolongation, heart block (p-r delays)

22
Q

What are the 4 approaches to assess BP?

A

AOBP - automated office (unattended) BP
OBPM - office (attended) BP measurement
ABPM - ambulatory BP monitor
HBPM - home blood pressure monitoring

23
Q

What is high for AOBP?

A

SBP >/= 135 mmHg or DBP >/= 85mmHg

24
Q

What is high for OBPM?

A

SBP >/= 140mmHg or DBP >/= 90mmHg

25
What is high for ABPM?
SBP >/= 135mmHg or DBP >/= 85mmHg (awake) SBP >/= 130mmHg or DBP >/= 80mmHg(24 hour)
26
What is high for HBPM?
SBP >/= 135mmHg or DBP >/= 85mmHg
27
What is the reference value for home BP monitors?
<135/85
28
What are important criteria for taking BP?
Sitting position - back supported Arm bare and supported Do not talk or move before or during the measurement Legs uncrossed Feet flat on the floor