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Module 5: Mali: CARDIO2 > CV2 Pharm Table > Flashcards

CV2 Pharm Table Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

what is the Drug class of Procainamide

A

Class 1A-arrythmic Na Channel blockade

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2
Q

what are the indications of Procainamide

A

Life threatening ventricular arrhythmias

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3
Q

What are the MOA of Procainamide

A

Decreases myocardial excitability and conduction velocity and may depress myocardial contractility, by increasing the electrical stimulation threshold of ventricle, His-Purkinje system and through direct cardiac effects (UtD)

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4
Q

Drug class of Lidocaine

A

Class 1B arrythmic Na Channel blockade

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5
Q

Indications of Lidocaine

A

Suppression of existing ventricular arrhythmias

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6
Q

MOA of Lidocaine

A

blocks both the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses by decreasing the neuronal membrane’s permeability to sodium ions, suppresses automaticity of conduction tissue, by increasing electrical stimulation threshold of ventricle, His-Purkinje system, and spontaneous depolarization of the ventricles during diastole (UtD)

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7
Q

Drug class of Flecainide

A

Class 1C Na Channel

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8
Q

indications of Flecainide

A

ventricular arrhythmias (prevention); paroxsysmal SVT (prevention); paroxsysmal a fib/flutter

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9
Q

MOA of Flecainide

A

slows conduction in cardiac tissue by altering transport of ions across cell membranes; causes slight prolongation of refractory periods; increases electrical stimulation threshold of ventricle, His-Purkinje system (UtD)

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10
Q

Drug class of Propranolol

A 
Class 2
Beta Blockers
Nonselective (B1; B2)
-or-
Sympatholytics: Peripheral Adrenergic ‘R’ Blockers – Beta Blocker
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11
Q

Indications of Propranolol

A

Angina, HTN, tachyarrhythmias, essential tremor, migraine Px, anxiety

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12
Q

MOA of Propranolol

A

Adrenergic B1 and B2 receptor inhibitor; reduction in myocardial oxygen demand, HR, cardiac contractility, BP

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13
Q

Drug class of Metoprolol Tartrate
[Lopressor]
Metoprolol Succinate
[Toprol XL]

A 
Beta Blockers
Cardioselective (B1)
Class II
-or-
Sympatholytics: Peripheral Adrenergic ‘R’ Blockers – Beta Blockers
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14
Q

Indications of Metoprolol Tartrate
[Lopressor]
Metoprolol Succinate
[Toprol XL]

A

Angina, HTN, hemodynamically stable MI

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15
Q

MOA of Metoprolol Tartrate
[Lopressor]
Metoprolol Succinate
[Toprol XL]

A

Selective B1 adrenergic receptor inhibitor

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16
Q

Drug class of Atenolol

A 
Beta Blockers
Cardioselective
without ISA (B1)
Class II
-or- 
Sympatholytics: Peripheral Adrenergic ‘R’ Blockers – Beta Blockers
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17
Q

Atenolol indications

A
  1. Angina
  2. HTN
  3. hemodynamically stable post-MI supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (catecholamine induced, dig toxicity)
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18
Q

MOA of Atenolol

A

B1 adrenergic receptor inhibitor

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19
Q

Drug class of Amiodarone

A

Class 3

Repolarization delay

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20
Q

indications of Amiodarone (5)

A
  1. life-threatening recurrent VF
  2. unresponsive or unstable VT refractory to other anti-arrhythmics
  3. Off-label for AF
  4. PSVT
  5. adjunct to ICD to suppress ventricular tachyarrhythmias in otherwise optimally treated patients with heart failure
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21
Q

MOA of Amiodarone

A

inhibits adrenergic stimulation (alpha and beta) affecting Na, K, and Ca channels; prolongs action potential and refractory period in cardiac tissues; decr AV conduction and sinus node function

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22
Q

Drug class of Verapamil and Diltiazem

A

Class 4
Calcium channel Blockers
Nondihydropyridine

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23
Q

Indications of Verapamil and Diltiazem (5)

A 
Angina, 
HTN, 
PSVT, 
A fib, 
A flutter
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24
Q

MOA of Verapamil and Diltiazem

A

Dilate coronary arteries & decrease myocardial oxygen demands

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25
Drug class of Adenosine
Naturally occuring nucleoside
26
Indication of Adenosine
``` new arrhythmias, chest pain, headache, flushing, dyspnea, bronchospasm ```
27
MOA of Adenosine
In PSVT: Slows conduction time through the AV node, interrupting the re-entry pathways through the AV node, restoring normal sinus rhythm; In Stress testing: causes coronary vasodilation and increases blood flow in normal coronary arteries with little to no increase in stenotic coronary arteries
28
Drug class of Digoxin
Other: | Cardiac Glycoside
29
indications of Digoxin
1. Mild to moderate HF; | 2. A fib rate control
30
MOA of Digoxin
Inhibits Na/K ATPase pump in myocardial cells promoting influx Ca++ leading to increased contractility; also direct suppressor of AV node which decr ventricular rate
31
``` Drug class of Mg SO4 (IV) ```
electrolyte
32
indications of Drug class of Mg SO4 (IV)
Digitalis induced arrhythmias with low serum Mg; low Mg induced arrhythmias (VF, VT); OFF-LABEL: torsades de pointes; (Severe exacerbation asthma in children)
33
MOA of Mg SO4 (IV)
unknown
34
Drug class of Prazosin
alpha-blockers
35
Indications of Prazosin
hypertension; | off-label for PTSD, Raynaud’s Phenomenon
36
MOA of Prazosin
selective alpha 1 blocker which relaxes smooth muscle in arteries and veins and the prostate
37
Drug class of Carvedilol
B1, B2, A1 Blockers
38
indications of Carvedilol
angina (off-label), HTN, stable HF, stable post-MI
39
MOA of Carvedilol
Mixed alpha, beta receptor inhibition
40
drug class of Clonidine
Centrally Acting | A2 agonist
41
Indications of Clonidine
1. Hypertension (immediate release form), 2. ADHD (extended release form); 3. Narcotic addiction; 4. multiple off-label uses
42
MOA of Clonidine
stimulates alpha 2 receptors in brain stem, which stimulates an inhibitory neuron resulting in reduced sympathetic outflow from CNS, which results in a reduction in TPR
43
Drug class of Methyldopa
Centrally Acting | A2 agonist
44
Indications of Methyldopa
HTN in PG
45
MOA of Methyldopa
central alpha-adrenergic inhibition decr sym outflow to heart, kidneys, periph vasculature
46
What are the three Renin-Angiotnesin Inhibitors: | ACE I
Captopril Lisinopril Fosinopril
47
Indications of Captopril Lisinopril Fosinopril
1. Hypertension 2. heart failure 3. left ventricular dysfunction after MI 4. diabetic nephropathy
48
MOA of Captopril Lisinopril Fosinopril
Competitive inhibitor of ACE preventing conversion Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II decreasing vasoconstriction by Angiotensin II & decreases aldosterone secretion
49
Drug class of Losartan
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: | ARBs
50
Indications of Losartan
1. Hypertension 2. diabetic nephropathy in T2DM 3. stroke risk reduction in HTN 4. LVH
51
MOA of Losartan
Selectively & competitively blocks AT 1 (1000x greater) & AT2 receptors
52
Drug class of Aliskirin
Direct Renin Inhibitor
53
Indications of Aliskirin
Hypertension
54
MOA of Aliskirin
Direct renin inhibitor preventing conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I (AT1) which reduces conversion to angiotensin II (AT2) producing arteriolar vasodilation
55
which two drugs are Vasodilators: | DHP CCBs
1. DHP: Amlodipine | 2. DHP: Nifedipine
56
Indications of DHP: Amlodipine -and- DHP: Nifedipine
1. Angina (chronic stable and vasospastic) | 2. HTN
57
MOA of DHP: Amlodipine -and- DHP: Nifedipine
Vasodilation due to blocking calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle and myocardium
58
2 drugs that are | Vasodilators: NDHP CCBs
1. NDHP: Diltiazem | 2. NDHP: Verapamil
59
Indications of NDHP: Diltiazem -and- NDHP: Verapamil
1. Angina, 2. HTN, 3. PSVT, 4. A fib, 5. A flutter
60
MOA of NDHP: Diltiazem -and- NDHP: Verapamil
Dilate coronary arteries & decrease myocardial oxygen demands
61
Drug class of Hydralazine
Vasodilators: Direct acting
62
Indications of Hydralazine
1. Urgent to Emergent BP reduction (no longer used for chronic therapy due to short half-life) 2. pre-eclampsia/eclampsia
63
MOA of Hydralazine
Direct acting arteriolar vasodilator
64
``` Drug class of Hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ ```
Diuretics: Thiazides
65
Indications of Hydrochlorothiazide | HCTZ
1. HTN 2. edema in nephrotic syndrome 3. Off-label: Lithium induced diabetes insipidus
66
MOA of Hydrochlorothiazide | HCTZ
Na-Cl symporter inhibition in the DCT increasing Na and Cl excretion max 5% of filtered NaCl
67
what is the drug class of Chlorthalidone
Diuretic “Thiazide-Like”
68
what are the indications of Chlorthalidone
1. HTN 2. edema in nephrotic syndrome 3. off-label: Lithium induced diabetes insipidus
69
what is the MOA of Chlorthalidone
Na-Cl symporter inhibition in the DCT increasing Na and Cl excretion max 5% of filtered NaCl
70
what is the drug class of Triamterene
Diuretic Adjunct: K+ Sparing
71
what are the indications of Triamterene
Hypokalemia
72
what is the MOA of Triamterene
Direct inhibitor of Na+ influx in DCT & CCT
73
What is the drug class of Furosemide
Loop Diuretic
74
what are the indications of Furosemide
1. Edema sec to CHF 2. Renal Failure 3. Liver Failure
75
what is the MOA of Furosemide
Na+-K+-2Cl- symporter in TAL of Loop & distal tubule
76
What are the 6 drugs under the drug class HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
1. Atorvastatin 2. Lovastatin 3. Pravastatin 4. Rosuvastatin 5. Simvastatin 6. Fluvastatin
77
What are the indications of the HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Hyperlipidemia
78
what is the MOA of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Inhibits cholesterol synthesis
79
What are the drug under the class Bile-acid sequestrants
1. Cholestyramine | 2. Colesevelam
80
what is the MOA of 1. Cholestyramine 2. Colesevelam
Binds bile acids inhibiting enterohepatic circulation of cholesterol
81
what are the indictions of Cholestyramine
Hypercholesterolemia
82
what are the indications of Colesevelam
1. LDL reduction 2. DM2 3. usually adjunct
83
What are the 2 drugs under the Fibric Acids
1. Gemfibrazil | 2. Fenofibrate
84
What are the indications of Gemfibrazil and Fenofibrate
1. Hypertriglyceridemia | 2. low HDL
85
what is the MOA of Gemfibrazil and Fenofibrate
Not known; theories on changes in various enzymes involved in VLDL and IDL metabolism
86
What is the drug class of Niacin
Nicotinic Acid Vitamin B3
87
What are the indications of Niacin
1. Hypertriglyceridemia 2. low HDL 3. high LDL
88
What is the MOA of Niacin
Inhibits fatty acid release from adipose tissue and hepatic trig production
89
What is the drug class of Exetimibe
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
90
What are the indications of Exetimibe
Hypercholesterolemia
91
What is the MOA of Exetimibe
Decreases absorption of cholesterol from GI tract
92
What is the drug class of Omega 3 Fatty Acids
other
93
What are the indications of Omega 3 Fatty Acids
1. high Trig despite diet 2. alcohol restriction 3. fibrates
94
What is the MOA of Omega 3 Fatty Acids
unknown
95
what is the drug class of Evolocumab
PCSK9 Inhibitor
96
what are the indications of Evolocumab
1. drug resistant hyperlidemia | 2. especially homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
97
what is the MOA of Evolocumab
human monoclonal antibody that binds to proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibiting the degradation of LDLR; this increases the number of LDLRs available to clear LDL from the blood, thereby lowering LDL-C levels.

Module 5: Mali: CARDIO2 (4 decks)

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