CVD

Question 1

What is CVD?

Answer 1

General term for conditions of the of the heart or affecting the blood vessels of the heart.

Question 2

What is atherosclerosis ?

Answer 2

Basic pathological lesion which tends to occlude the arteries to a varying extend

Question 3

What are the 4 main types of CVD?

Answer 3

1 = CHD ( or Ischaemia Heart Disease)
2 = Angina
3 = Heart Attack
4 Heart failure

Question 4

What is stroke?

Answer 4

Blood supply to the brain cut off, can cause brain damage and possible death. More extreme version of a Transient Ischemic Attack, temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain.

Question 5

What is FAST?

Answer 5

F - face
A - arms
S - Speech
T - Time

Question 6

Peripheral Artery Disease ?

Answer 6

Blockage to arteries in the limbs, usually the legs
- Can cause dull cramping pain, hair loss on the legs and feet, numbness or weakness in the legs, ulcers on feet and legs

Question 7

Aortic disease

Answer 7

Group of conditions affecting the aorta

• Largest blood vessel carries blood from heart to rest of the body
• Aortic aneurysm most common aortic disease

Question 8

Mortality

Answer 8

• Serious cause of mortality and serious morbidity world wide
• Nutritional factors have been shown to play an important role in aetiology and management in CHD and cerebrovascular disease and stroke

Question 9

Non Modifiable Factors

Answer 9

Age (increasing) 
Masculine Gender 
Genetic traits
Monogenic and polygenic disorders of lipid metabolism
Body Build

Question 10

Modifiable factors

Answer 10

-Obesity
-Lifestyle (exercise, smoking etc)
-Hypertension
-Hyperglycaemia, Diabetes and IGT
-Increased thrombosis - increased homeostatic factors and enhanced platelet aggregation
-High levels of homocysteine
- Impaired foetal nutrition
- Dyslipidaemia = High, cholesterol, LDL + VLDL
Low, HDL

Question 11

Physiological factors

Answer 11

• Low socio economic class
• Stress
• Coronary-Prone Behaviour patterns
• Type A behaviour

Question 12

Geographical

Answer 12

• Climate and season : cold weather

- Soft drinking water

Question 13

Biggest Risk Factors

Answer 13

1 - raised BP
2- Tobacco
3- High Blood Glucose

Question 14

Burden on Public Health

Answer 14

• heart Attack sufferers the tip of ice berg

- Risk factors go unrecognised

Question 15

How to stop

Answer 15

• Reduce Fat intake
• restrict preserved and processed foods (salt)
• Increase F and V consumption

Question 16

Prevalence

Answer 16

• Single Most common cause of death
• Most industrialised countries is highest cause of Admittance to hospital
• Stats under appreciate the total morbidity present from CHD

Question 17

British Heart Foundation 2014 STATS

Answer 17

• No longer biggest cause of death
  CVD = 24% Cancer 29%

2012 - 10% of Male deaths
= 74,000 deaths

41,000 from stroke; 6% men 9% women

Question 18

BHF STATS 2

Answer 18

deaths per 100,000 decreasing for men and women under 75

Overall prevalence of CVD is increasing however

Question 19

International Comparisons

Answer 19

Eastern Europe 7x more likely to suffer than japan

3 fold differences between France, Spain and portugal, compared to Scotland, Finland and NI